Uma usuqale ukulungisa kabusha ifulethi noma indlu, nakanjani uzobhekana nesidingo somsebenzi woku-plaster. Lesi sigaba sokuqeda sikuvumela ukuthi wenze ubuso bodonga buhle kakhulu futhi buhle. Ukwenziwa kongqimba lweplasta ngisho kuyinqubo ekhandla kakhulu edinga amakhono abucayi obuchwepheshe. Kepha uma ungakakulungeli ukuphendukela kochwepheshe ngenxa yesabelomali esilinganiselwe futhi uzowenzela wonke umsebenzi wokuqeda, hlola amathiphu ethu. Bazokusiza ukuthi wenze ukulolongwa kahle kwezindonga ngezandla zakho futhi wakhe ingaphakathi elifanele.
Izici:
I-Plaster iyinhlanganisela yokulinganisa izindonga. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele izindawo zokuqedela. Kepha lokhu akuyona inhloso yayo kuphela.
Ukufakwa ipulangwe odongeni kuyadingeka ukuze:
- yokululama ebusweni ukukhubazeka;
- ukuvimbela kanye nokuqeda inqubo yokubhujiswa;
- ukuvikela isisekelo sodonga kumswakama;
- ukwandisa amandla okwahlukanisa okuncane;
- ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo zokushisa nezomsindo.
Udonga olucwecwe kahle luyindawo eyisicaba futhi ebushelelezi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukudangala. Isisekelo esinjalo silungele ukusebenzisa ukuqeda kokuhlobisa, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni - ukudweba, i-ceramic tile noma i-wallpapering. Izingxube ze-Plaster zinokwakheka okwehlukile. Ukukhethwa kwalokhu noma lolo hlobo lwento kuxhomeke kububanzi bokwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zobuso lapho zizosetshenziswa khona.
Isixazululo singalungiswa wedwa ngokuxuba usimende, isihlabathi namanzi. Kodwa-ke, kungakuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa amamiksi owomile esezingeni eliphezulu asenziwe ngomumo avela kubakhiqizi abathembekile. Isendlalelo se-plaster kufanele sakhe isisekelo esiqinile saso sonke isiphetho.
Noma yikuphi ukuxubana kosimende kufaka phakathi izinto ezilandelayo:
- ukugcwalisa - ivumela ukufeza ukungaguquguquki kwesixazululo, inikezela nge-viscosity edingekayo namandla;
- isibopho - ibamba izinhlayiya zokugcwalisa ndawonye nangaphezulu kodonga;
- i-diluent - inikeza ukusetshenziswa okunethezeka kwesisombululo odongeni, kuvusa ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibophezelayo. Ngesikhathi kusethwa ungqimba lwe-plaster, okuncanyana kuyahwamuka.
I-algorithm yoku-plaster ifaka izigaba ezimbalwa, lapho kuxazululwa imisebenzi ethile. Asikweluleki ukuthi unganaki noma iyiphi yazo futhi ulandele imithetho yenqubo yezobuchwepheshe eyenziwe eminyakeni edlule.
Ukuqanjwa kwezingxube kuyahluka ngokuya ngenhloso yokusebenza kwazo - ukuhleleka, ukwahlukanisa, ukuhlobisa. Umehluko wekhwalithi uncike kubabambi besixazululo. Ama-filler nezithasiselo zidlala indima enkulu ekuhlinzekeni ukusebenziseka kalula nezimfanelo ezengeziwe kokumboza okuqediwe.
Izinhlobo zikakhonkolo, izinzuzo nezinkinga zazo
Ukukhetha ingxube efanele, udinga ukunquma ngesilinganiso sohlelo lwabo lokusebenza futhi uqonde izakhiwo. Zonke izingxube ze-plaster zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
- yokululama - isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izindonga zokudweba noma zokufaka odongeni, kwehluke entweni yokubopha kanye nokuba khona kokwakhiwa kwezithasiselo, ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo;
- ukuhlobisa - zisetshenziswa njengenye yezinketho zokuqeda.
Usimende
Isibopho esikhulu kule ngxube usimende. Nguye onikeza amandla okuqeda. Izingxube ezakhiwe ngosimende zisetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwendawo, ezilungele umsebenzi wezandla nowomshini. Izici ze-binder zingahluka - ngokwamandla acindezelayo, ukumelana nesithwathwa. Lolu hlobo lukakhonkolo lufanelana kahle nanoma yimaphi ama-substrates akhiwe kuqala. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile ngopende we-gypsum. Izingxube ze-Cement ziyonga kakhulu futhi ziyahlukahluka. Usimende omhlophe usimende ungasetshenziselwa ukuqeda.
Usimende-umcako
Lolu hlobo lukakhonkolo luhlanganisa izinzuzo zombili izibopho. Ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu, ikhombisa izinga eliphakeme le:
- ikhono lokunamathela;
- ipulasitiki;
- ukumelana nokuqhekeka;
- ukumelana nomswakama;
- ukumelana nezinguquko zokushisa;
- amandla;
- ukumelana nokwakheka kwefungus.
Isixazululo singaxojwa sodwa noma sithengwe kuphekiwe. Okokugcina kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze umphumela omkhulu ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezithasiselo ezakhiweni. Ingxube isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ngaphandle kwamakamelo anomswakama ophakeme.
Kungcono ukungasebenzisi ukwakheka ezindongeni ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi aphezulu. Futhi, ububi bufaka:
- isidingo sokwenza ingubo enezingqimba eziningi;
- ubude besikhathi obudingekayo besethi yokugcina yamandla - kuze kube amasonto ama-3-4;
- akunakwenzeka ukufaka isicelo ezindongeni ezibushelelezi ngaphandle kokulungiselela okukhethekile;
- ayifanele uku-plastera izindonga zokhuni.
I-Gypsum
Inomlando omude - yavela ezikhathini zasendulo. Inikela ekwakheni i-microclimate enhle ekamelweni. Ekwenziweni kwayo, kusetshenziswa itshe lemvelo, elomiswa kuhhavini futhi lichotshozwe. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi, kepha muva nje kube nokuhlukahluka kwalolu daba, olwenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle.
Ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela yokulinganisa kufaka phakathi ukugcwaliswa okuphakathi nokweqile, okusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ukugcwalisa izingxenyana ezinhle. Ukuprasta kungenziwa ngesandla noma ngomshini. I-Gypsum plaster ihambisana kahle nobumba, i-lime.
Amandla wendaba:
- Ukunamathela okuphezulu.
- Ukugcinwa okuhle kakhulu.
- Akukho ukuncipha.
- Kulula ukufaka isihlabathi.
- Iphethe ipulasitiki ephezulu.
- Isikhathi esifushane sokulapha.
- Ukuphepha komlilo.
Umthengi we-gypsum plaster:
- Isivinini sokusetha esandisiwe, esikhawulela isikhathi sohlelo lokusebenza.
- Isidingo sokulandela ngokuqinile ubuchwepheshe.
- Akumelana nomswakama.
- Inani eliphakeme - ubumba noma i-limestone.
Ubumba
Oludala kunazo zonke izinhlobo zepulasta ezaziwa isintu. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenziwa kwazo zilala ngaphansi kwezinyawo zethu. Isixazululo silungiswa kusuka kuzinto ezizikhethele noma ukuhlanganiswa okomile okuthengiwe. Ngokomlando, amakhoba, izinaliti zikaphayini, amakhoba, sawdust, ubulongwe behhashi kwakusetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa. Ngenxa yalokhu kugcwaliswa, amandla namandla okushisa we-plaster ayanda. Udonga olugqokwe ngobumba luzizwa lufudumele uma uluthinta. I-plasticity yesisombululo ilawulwa ngokungezwa kwesihlabathi. Inani elidingekayo lalesi sakhi linqunywa kusetshenziswa amasu alula ngokwamandla. Ukwakhiwa kodaka kungathuthukiswa nge-lime noma usimende.
Udaka lobumba lusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa nokuvikela izindonga. Ubumba olunemibala lusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zodaka wobumba:
- Ubungani bemvelo.
- Izindleko eziphansi.
- Ukulondolozwa okuphezulu.
- Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokugcina ukushisa.
- Isebenza njengomlawuli wemvelo womswakama wasendlini.
- Inika amandla uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo, olungenamfucuza - izingcezu zikakhonkolo wakudala zingamanziswa ziphinde zisetshenziswe.
- Ifanele ukuqeda izindonga zokhuni.
Phakathi kokubi kukhona:
- ukungakwazi ukumelana nomswakama - kuba manzi;
- yoma isikhathi eside - kungakapheli izinyanga ezingu-1-2;
- ungqimba kufanele okungenani lube ngu-10 mm uma ufakwa odongeni oluyisicaba, bese u-15 mm ngokhuni noma ngokhuni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke ukwazi ukugwema ukuqhekeka kwento.
Okuhlobisa
Iyakwazi ukudlala indima yokufaka ukhonkolo ojwayelekile futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukuqeda. Ukwakheka kosimende kungadalwa ngesisekelo se-acrylic, amaminerali, abicah nokunye okugcwalisa. Umphumela wokuhlobisa unikezwa ngu:
- izakhiwo;
- ukukhululeka;
- isikimu sombala;
- ukugqokiswa okuningi okuguquguqukayo kwemibala ehlukahlukene;
- izindlela zokusebenzisa amaphethini noma ukwakheka.
Abakhiqizi banikeza izixazululo ezibushelelezi ezidinga isisekelo esilinganayo nesenziwe ngomshini - okuvumela ukufihla amaphutha wendawo elungisiwe.
Izinzuzo zifaka phakathi izindawo ezilandelayo zezingoma zokuhlobisa:
- amandla;
- ukuqina;
- ukumelana nomlilo;
- ukumelana nokubola;
- ukuvuleka komhwamuko;
- ubungani bemvelo;
- ukuhlobisa;
- ukwehluka kwengubo;
- ukuthakazelisa kwenqubo yokwakha ukwakheka noma amaphethini ngezandla zakho - ungasebenzisa izinto ezenziwe ngcono ukusebenzisa iphethini - amabhulashi, izinkezo, amanetha, amafilimu, iphepha - konke okushiwo umcabango womenzi.
Ububi obukhulu bezingxube ezinjalo izindleko zazo eziphakeme. Ukuze wonge imali, ungazilungiselela ukwakheka ngokwakho.
Abicah
Izinto ezivela engxenyeni yamanani ebizayo, eyenziwe ngesisekelo semicu ye-silicone, izinhlaka. Iqukethe nezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene. Ukumbozwa okwenziwe ngopulasitela onjalo kunwebeka kakhulu futhi kuyamelana nokucindezela kwemishini. Ukuze ususe noma uklwebhe ukugqoka okunjalo, kuzofanele usebenze kanzima. Upulasitela weSilicone awunamanzi, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuhlobisa indlu yangasese. Ukumboza okuvela kuyo kumelana kakhulu nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ngakho-ke opende bagcina umbala wabo wokuqala ngisho noma bevezwa yilanga. Okuqukethwe kumelana kalula nokushintshashintsha kokushisa nge-amplitude enkulu - kusuka ku -50 kuye ku- + 70 degrees, kukhombisa ukumelana nezindawo ezinolaka. Ukunamathela okuphezulu kwenhlanganisela kuvumela ngaphandle kwesigaba sokuqala kusuka kubuchwepheshe. Bayakwazi ukugcina ukubukeka kwabo kwasekuqaleni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Zimelana nomlilo, azikhiphi ubuthi emvelweni.
Okokusebenza kuthengiswa njengezingxube ezomile noma izixazululo ezilungele ukusetshenziswa. Isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa nokuqeda. Ilingana kahle kukhonkolo, igesi silicate, ukhuni, i-gypsum kanye ne-substrates yelimestone. Akunconyelwa ukufaka izingxube ze-silicate ezindongeni ngopende no-varnish, i-varnish ne-oyili yokumboza. Imifantu ayakheki ekugcineni, ayinciphi. Ungabuyisa impilo yenhlanganisela ejiyile ngosizo lwamanzi.
I-Venetian
Ukumboza okunemigqa eminingi kukwenza uthande, kukwenza ufune ukubheka ushintsho lwe-shades ngaphandle kokuma. Isisekelo kufanele sibushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka. Udonga lukalwa ngezigqoko eziqukethe ufulawa wamatshe. Ngaphezu kwendlela yakudala yokufaka isicelo, kukhona namanye amasu. Isendlalelo sokhonkolo weVenetian singahlukaniswa njengesibi. Bonke abanye bayaqeda. Usebenzisa amasu akhethekile odongeni, ungaphinda wenze ukugcoba ngomphumela we-craquelure, ukulingisa ngemabula epholile, usilika, ukhuni lukakhokho. Isithombe sikhombisa izinketho ezifakiwe zalesi siphetho. Zitholwe ngenxa yokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa okubhaliwe. Kufakwa ijazi eliphezulu le-varnish noma i-wax kuplasta.
Ngokumangazayo, awudingi ukuthenga isisombululo sokhonkolo esibizayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzenzele ngokwakho kusuka ku-putty ejwayelekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomhlobiso owenziwe ngomumo wamaminerali-lime noma izingoma ze-acrylic, kuzobiza kakhulu. I-plaster yaseVenetian isetshenziswa kuphela ngamathuluzi angenasici.
Inzuzo enkulu yamaVenetians ama-aesthetics abo aphezulu kanye nokuqala kwabo.
Okubi kubalwa - izindleko eziphezulu, isidingo sokuba nenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenzisa okokusebenza, izindleko zomsebenzi eziphakeme.
Okubhaliwe
Lolu hlobo lokuxubana nosimende nalo lungolwama-veteran emndenini wezinto zokuqeda. I-lime ikhona ekubunjweni njengesibopho semvelo. Inikeza izingxube ubungani bemvelo nezakhiwo zamagciwane. Umphumela uba ukumbozwa okuphefumulayo, nokumelana nomlilo. Ukwakheka kungasetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izindonga futhi njengopende wokuqedela oqoshiwe. Ilungele ukudweba imidwebo. Kuhambisana kahle nezibopho zamaminerali - usimende, i-gypsum, ubumba. Kwenziwa ngendlela yemixube eyomile, kepha uma ufisa, ungalungisa isixazululo esivela kuzinto ezihlanganiswe ngokuzimela.
Izinzuzo zokukhonkoloza okuhlanganisiwe:
- Ifihla ngokuphelele ukukhubazeka okuncane esisekelweni.
- Akudingi ukwengezwa kwezakhi zama-antibiotic.
- Ilawula i-microclimate.
- Akusha.
- Akunaphunga.
- Kulula ukufaka ebusweni.
- Inezindleko ezingabizi.
Ubunzima:
- Ukuntuleka kokumelana namanzi - lokhu kubuyiselwa emuva kungabekwa ngosizo lwengqimba yokuvikela i-wax noma izithasiselo ezikhethekile.
- Isethi yamandla anele ukwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe kwenzeka kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-plaster
Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma - uhlobo olomile noma olumanzi lwe-plaster ofuna ukuyisebenzisa. Indlela eyomile ihilela ukufaka izindonga ngamapuleti e-plasterboard. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwalesi sici, ungasheshisa kakhulu inqubo. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuthi ungasebenzisi amashidi ebhodi ye-gypsum emakamelweni amancane - bazofihla isikhala esivele sincane.
Indlela "emanzi" ifaka ukulinganisa izindonga ngemixube yokwakha. Lapho ukhetha ukwakhiwa koku-plaster, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele okokusebenza okwenziwe ngalo izindonga nokuthi zitholakala kuphi - ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwesakhiwo.
Ungayilungisa kanjani indawo yokusebenzisa ingxube ye-plaster
Ukulungiselela udonga kuyisigaba esibalulekile ekuqedeni umsebenzi. Isisekelo kufanele sikhululwe kwimbozo endala ehlutshiwe, ihlanzwe ngothuli, isikhunta, amabala kagesi. Lokhu kulandelwa ukulungiswa kwemigodi yemigodi, ama-chips nemifantu. Udonga lumbozwe ungqimba lwenhlabathi futhi luqiniswe ngemeshini yokwakha eqinisayo. Lokhu kulungiswa okuphelele kubalulekile ukuvikela ukumbozwa okusha ekuqhumeni nasekuphumeni kwegazi ngamabala kawoyela noma okugqwala. I-primer enezinto zokubulala amagciwane ivimbela udonga ukuba lungawi ngaphansi kongqimba lwe-plaster.
Udonga oluphathekayo
Uma izindonga zikakhonkolo zisebenza njengesisekelo, kufanele zinikezwe ngezinto ezikhethekile ezinezinhlayiya ze-quartz. Izithasiselo zizokwandisa kakhulu izakhiwo zokunamathela odongeni futhi zivumele ingxube ye-plaster ukuthi inamathele ngokuthembekile esisekelweni. Izindawo zikakhonkolo zamukela ukhonkolo we-gypsum-samente kanye nengxube esekwe ku-gypsum kanye ne-lime.
Nciphisa izingoma ze-gypsum, i-lime ne-samente ngokwehlukana, bese uhlangana ndawonye kwifomu elilungisiwe kakade. Ukungaguquguquki kodaka kufanele kube mkhulu futhi kufane.
Udonga lwezitini
Ukukhethwa kukakhonkolo wezindonga zezitini akulula. Kungakhathalekile okokusebenza okukhethiwe, ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kuyadingeka. Imvamisa, izindonga zezitini sezivele zimbozwe ngosimende wakudala. Kuyadingeka ukuqeda lolu ungqimba, futhi lokhu kungenziwa ngamanzi nesiponji. Simanzisa ingaphezulu izikhathi eziningana bese silinda amanzi agcwalise ngokuphelele ingubo. Le nqubo izosiza kakhulu ekususweni kwezinto ezingasasebenzi. Okulandelayo, sizihloma nge-spatula enobukhulu obusebenzayo bokusebenza okungenani obungu-1.5-2 mm nesando bese sigingqa usimende wakudala. Okokuqala udinga ukuthepha ngobumnene indawo ukuze ihlanzwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, imifantu yakha phezulu, ezokuvumela ukuthi ucindezele i-spatula ngaphakathi bese uthatha ingubo. Uma usimende ungafuni ukuwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yakho, zisize ngokuthepha isibambo sesibambo ngesando. Lokhu kuzokwenza umsebenzi ube lula.
Ngemuva kokukhipha isembatho esidala, kuyadingeka ukuphatha ubuso nge-grinder noma nge-brush yocingo.Okulandelayo, izingxenyana eziphakathi kwezakhi zokwakha kufanele zijuliswe ngo-5-7 mm ukwandisa ukunamathela kwento odongeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo ihlanzwa ngebhulashi elithambile futhi kususwe uthuli ngendwangu emanzi. Isigaba sokugcina ukususwa kodonga ngezendlalelo ezimbili kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela enikeza ukungena okujulile.
Udonga lukakhonkolo olunogwebu
Izakhiwo eziningi zesimanje zakhiwe kusetshenziswa le nto. Ubuso obenziwe ngamabhulokhi amagwebu kanye nokhonkolo ophefumulayo akumele nje banconywe ngokucophelela, kepha futhi buqiniswe ngocingo olukhethekile lokuqinisa noma i-fiberglass "serpyanka". Ekhiqizeni usimende lodaka ungasebenzisa i-gypsum, izingxube ze-lime-cement.
Izinkuni odongeni
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale uku-plastera izindonga zokhuni, udinga ukuziphatha ngamakhemikhali wokuzivikela ngokumelene ne-fungus kanye ne-bark beetle. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukwenza i-lattice ekhethekile yama-slats enkuni - ama-shingles. Umkhiqizo unesimo semesh. I-shingle igxiliswe odongeni ngezipikili. Izihlanganisi azivaliswanga ngokuphelele odongeni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi izipikili zidinga ukushayelwa ngaphakathi kuphela kuze kube uhhafu, kanti phezulu nesigqoko kugobile, kucindezelwa ebusweni.
Esikhundleni se- "shingles", ungasebenzisa i-mesh yensimbi ekhethekile ukuqinisa ama-facade. It is fixed odongeni ngaphambi abaluphahleka.
Inqubo yokufaka udonga ngezandla zakho
Ukuplasta kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi edla isikhathi. Uma noma kunjalo unquma ukukwenza ngokwakho, sincoma ukusebenzisa amathiphu ethu. Sethula imiyalo enemininingwane yabaqalayo.
Izinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi
Ukuqedela umsebenzi, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle:
- ukuhlanganiswa kosimende owomile, i-primer, i-putty;
- ukudweba amabhekhoni, amadowels, izikulufo;
- isando, i-screwdriver, i-grinder noma isikele sensimbi;
- ukubhola nge-perforator enesethi yokubhola, isixubi sokwakha kanye nesitsha sokuxuba isixazululo;
- izinga lokwakha, itheyiphu isilinganiso;
- intambo ende, umaka;
- i-spatula ebanzi futhi emincane, ibhulashi ne-roller, ukubusa noku-ayina.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga izingubo zomsebenzi, isigqoko, izibuko, amagilavu.
Ukudalula amabhikhoni
Ukuze ulinganise izindonga futhi, uma kunesidingo, wakhe ungqimba lobukhulu obukhulu, upulasitela wenziwa ngokusebenzisa amabhikhoni. Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa imichilo yokhuni, amaphrofayili wensimbi, imigoqo engunxande ye-gypsum. Izindlu zokukhanya zenza umsebenzi ube lula, kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa nokusatshalaliswa kwenhlanganisela, ebekwa phezu kwabo kusetshenziswa umthetho.
Ukufakwa kwamabhekhoni kwenziwa kanjena. Kuyadingeka ukugoqa isikulufa sokuzibamba odongeni kude no-5 cm kusuka ophahleni no-40 cm ukusuka ekhoneni. Sigaxela isikulufa esilandelayo ngqo ngaphansi kwaso, sibuyele emuva sisuka phansi ngentambo yomthofu wokumisa ongamasentimitha 5. Dweba umugqa usuke kwesinye isikulufu uye kwesinye bese ulinganisa ibanga eliphakathi kwabo. Nciphisa kancane umphumela otholakele, unqume ibha kuphrofayili yensimbi elingana nobude balo layini. Siphonsa emgqeni ama-tubercles amaningana womxube we-plaster bese ucindezela iphrofayli kuwo ukuze ubuso bayo bube sezingeni elifanayo nezigqoko zezikulufu. Susa izikulufu bese uphinda inqubo ekhoneni elihlukile. Siveza amabhikhoni alandelayo ngezikhathi ze-1-1.5 m. Sihlola ukuma kwawo sisebenzisa intambo eyeluliwe. Ikhwalithi yendawo eyakhiwe incike kuyo. Ngemuva kokufaka isisombululo, ama-beacon kufanele asuswe futhi ama-grooves asele kufanele agcwaliswe ngo-plaster. Ama-beacon e-Plaster awadingi ukususwa uma kusetshenziswa ukuxubana kosimende.
Imithetho yokulungiswa kwesisombululo
Esikhathini esidlule, besibheka izinhlobo zezixazululo ze-plaster, kepha manje kufanele sisho amanye ama-nuances wezingoma ezahlukahlukene.
- Ukwenza ingxube kasimende, udinga ukuthatha izingxenye ezintathu zesihlabathi nengxenye eyodwa kasimende. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa lesi sixazululo kungakapheli ihora ngemuva kokuxubeka. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ulungiselele ukwaziswa ngezingxenye ezincane bese ukugcoba odongeni ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwakheka kuzoqala ukoma futhi kusethwe, futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukukusebenzisa.
- Ingxube yesamente-yelime yakhiwa ngengxenye eyodwa kasimende, ingxenye eyodwa yomxube we-lime nezingxenye ezi-5 zesihlabathi.
- Ukuze ulungise ukhonkolo we-gypsum, udinga ukuthatha izingxenye ezintathu zelime, okusikhumbuza ubukhulu benhlama, nengxenye eyodwa ye-gypsum powder. Izinto ezinjalo zibamba ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele zihlanjululwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo.
Ungabala kanjani inani elifunekayo lesisombululo
Kunzima kakhulu ukubala inani lemali edingekayo ngokwakho. I-calculator ekhethekile eku-inthanethi ingakusiza ngalokhu. Inquma inani lenhlanganisela oyodinga ukusebenzisa ifomula. Ngokusho kwayo, izindleko zenhlanganisela ye-plaster ziyalingana nomkhiqizo wokusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela ngendawo yegumbi nongqimba lokulinganisa. Inani elivelayo lizokusiza okungenani ucishe uzulazule ngenkathi kuthengwa izingxube.
Ukuqinisa usimende
Ukuqinisa i-mesh kungenza imifantu ingabonakali kangako, kepha ngeke ivikele ukuqhekeka.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemesh zokuqinisa udonga:
- insimbi - ibalulekile ekupulasiteleni izindonga ngokuveza okuveziwe kanye nokungahleleki okungadlula u-4-5 cm.Ukuze ulinganise leyo ndawo, kudingeka ungqimba oluningi lwento Noma kunjalo, ingahle ivele ngemuva kokumiswa. I-mesh yensimbi enamachibi anezimbobo ezingaphezu kwe-4 mm izosiza ukuvimbela ukukhula okunjalo kwemicimbi. Ihlala isikhathi eside ukwedlula ipulasitiki, engabhekana nokuthintana nendawo enobudlova yenhlanganisela kasimende-samente;
- ipulasitiki - imidwebo yokudweba ngosayizi we-mesh ka-2-3 mm. Isetshenziswa lapho uqeda nge-putty noma lapho ufaka ungqimba oluncane lwe-plaster;
- i-fiberglass.
Ukuqiniswa kungenziwa hhayi ngokuphelele kulo lonke udonga, kodwa kuphela emajoyini wezingubo ezahlukahlukene zokuqedela nemininingwane yesakhiwo. Kepha lapho ufaka uphahla noma lapho uqeda isakhiwo esisha esingakanciphi, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa yonke indawo ukuthi iqedwe.
Akufanele skimp on anezikhala nokuqinisa. Ukuqhekeka okungakha kukho konke ukujula kokhonkolo kuzoholela esidingweni sokwenza kabusha yonke ingubo noma okungenani ungqimba lwe-putty.
Ukhonkolo ukhonkolo
Amakhona agobekile nemithambeka ikuyo yonke indawo - kokubili ezakhiweni ezindala zaseSoviet nasezakhiweni zesimanje. Ngakho-ke, enye yezinqubo eziyimpoqo enqubeni yoku-plaster ukuqondaniswa kwamakhona. Uma ungafuni ukuthi amaphethini akwiphepha lodonga ahlanekezelwe, futhi kwathatha amahlandla amaningi ukunamathisela amathayili e-ceramic, ungasinaki lesi sinyathelo esibalulekile.
Womabili amakhona wangaphakathi nangaphandle angaphansi kokuqondaniswa.
Ikhona elingaphakathi lakhiwa ngohlelo olulandelayo:
- sibeka amabhikhoni ngendlela yokuthi sikwazi ukuxhuma izindiza zodonga ngama-engeli angakwesokudla. Uma kunenqwaba yamakhona endaweni encane, awukwazi ukunamathela kokungafani - kusazobe kungashayi;
- qondanisa ngokucophelela udonga lokuqala usebenzisa umthetho, i-trowel ne-spatula. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi sigxila kwizibani;
- lapho usimende kulolu donga lubamba, ungaqala ukucubungula indawo eseduze. Kulesi sigaba, kufanele usebenzise i-spatula enensimbi eyakhiwe ukuze uvikele ukugcotshwa endizeni esivele yalengiswa;
Uma ufisa, ungakwazi ukumaka ngokushesha izindonga zombili eziseduze. Kulokhu, umthetho akufanele ulethwe ekhoneni, umise u-5-10 cm ngaphambi kwawo. Le mivimbo kuzodingeka ukuthi iqondaniswe ngesandla.
- ulolonge ekhoneni usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile elinensimbi egobile. Sidweba kusuka phezulu kuye phansi ukususa ingxube eyeqile bese sakha umugqa ohlangene ocacile;
- sinquma izinsalela ze-plaster nge-spatula lapho ukwakheka kuqala ukusetha.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokususa ikhona elingaphandle.
- Siphonsa udaka endizeni sisebenzisa i-trowel. Sifaka okokusebenza ekhoneni ngemajini;
- Sisusa ingxube eyeqile sisebenzisa umthetho, okokuqala kusuka kolunye udonga, bese kusuka kolunye. Kulokhu, umthetho kufanele ususelwe kumabhekhoni naku-engeli;
- Sisebenzisa ama-spatula nama-trowels, silungisa ukukhubazeka okukhona njengomthetho. Uma kukhona ukudicilelwa phansi, kuvale ngesisombululo esincane bese ukulinganisela;
- Senza ukulinganiswa kokugcina kwezindonga ngokuhambisa i-trowel longitudinally. Ikhaba akufanele lithinte izingxenye zensimbi noma zepulasitiki.
Uma ikhona likhona ephaseji, kunconywa ukuyizungeza kancane. Lokhu kuzokusindisa ekubukekeni kwamachips, okuzokwakheka ngokungenakulinganiswa ngokuhlangana okubukhali.
Ukuqeda ukhonkolo lwezindonga
Lesi yisigaba sokugcina sokuplastela, okuzokwenza udonga lulungele ukuqedwa kokugcina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izingxube zesimende, i-gypsum, izinto ze-polymer. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu okwenziwayo kuzosebenza kahle ekuqedeni ijazi.
Imisebenzi yokuqeda usimende:
- Susa noma ikuphi ukungahambi kahle ngokukugcwalisa ngezinto ezibonakalayo.
- Vikela udonga ekucindezelekeni kwemishini - udinga ukwakheka kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
- Dala indawo yobuhle ngokuthungwa noma ukukhululeka.
Izinto zokwakha ezinokufana okufanayo kufanele zisetshenziswe. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukubambelela kwezinga eliphezulu.
Usimende wokuqeda kufanele ube:
- ukumelana nomonakalo wemishini;
- izinga ezinhle ukwahlukanisa umsindo;
- ukuvuleka komhwamuko;
- ukumelana nomswakama;
- ikhono lokukhulisa ukugcinwa kokushisa;
- ukubukeka kobuhle.
Ukuze wenze umsebenzi, uzodinga:
- bhola nge-mixer;
- isitsha sokuxuba ingxube;
- ama-spatula - amancane futhi abanzi.
Izinyathelo zohlelo lokusebenza:
- Kufafazwa ukwakha ungqimba oluncane lwesisekelo. Kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukunamathela kodonga nenhlabathi.
- I-Primer ungqimba olukhulu lwe-plaster olusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ubuso. Simboza isifutho ngenhlabathi bese sikusabalalisa kahle endizeni yodonga. Ngenxa yalokho, udonga kufanele lube lucishe, luphelele.
- Ukumboza - kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ubuso bushelelezi ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kokuthi isendlalelo sokuqeda sesomile, siyagaywa, futhi ungaqhubekela ekugcineni kokuhlobisa.
Khonkolo ngaphandle kwamabhekhoni
Uma ubukhulu obufanele bodonga abubalulekile kuwe, futhi uhlela ukuqeda amaphutha namaphutha amancane ngosizo lwento eyisisekelo, akudingekile ukufaka ukhonkolo emabhakaneni.
Izigaba zomsebenzi:
- Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa ungqimba omncane wezinto ezibonakalayo, sebenzisa i-trowel, bese wenza ungqimba olujiyile nge-spatula.
- Sisebenzisa umthetho, welula ingxube, sisuka phansi siye phezulu nasezinhlangothini. Senza okufanayo zibheka.
- Uma, ngemuva kokumiswa kwesendlalelo sokuqala, kwakhiwa imigodi, owesibili kufanele akhiwe.
- Ngemuva kokulinda ukuthi indawo yome ngokuphelele, yigcobe nge-float yepulasitiki.
I-Plaster ngaphandle kwamabhekhoni isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izindonga ezinomehluko omncane. Njengoba kungekho okuzogxila kukho, udinga ukuhlola ikhwalithi yomsebenzi kaningi usebenzisa izinga lokwakha. Kuleli vidiyo kwethulwe isigaba esinemininingwane eminingi.
Izici zeplasta lodonga ngaphandle kwe-putty
Uma izindonga ngemuva kokufaka ukhonkolo sezanele futhi zishelela ngokwanele, ukusetshenziswa kwe-putty yokuqeda akudingeki ngaphambi kokunamathisela iphepha lodonga.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ungqimba lwe-plaster. Isibonelo, uma isisekelo siyibhodi lezinhlayiya eziboshwe ngosimende noma lapho ujoyina izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto, isibonelo, isitini nokhonkolo. Kulokhu, udonga luqiniswa nge-fiberglass mesh enamaseli ama-5 mm. Imichilo ifakwa ngokugqagqana, kanti ngakunye kokulandelayo kuhlanganisa okwedlule ngo-10 kuya ku-20 cm. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa ngaphezulu futhi ukusikwa kuqala.
Izigaba zokugcina ziyancipha futhi ziyashelela. Ngalokhu, isisekelo sithanjiswa ngesiponji esimanzi, ibhulashi noma ibhodlela lokufafaza. Bese uthatha i-grater bese uhlikihla ama-ledges ngokunyakaza okuyindilinga. Uma ngemuva kwalokho kunemichilo yendandatho, senza inqubo yokwenza bushelelezi. Silinde ukuthi ukhonkolo lube buthuntu, futhi sicubungula udonga nge-trowel noma nge-spatula.
Udonga lweplasta lokudweba
Kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa izindonga zomdwebo olandelayo kunokwedonga lodonga. Upende ngeke ubukeke kahle odongeni olungalingani nolungafaneleki kahle. Imvamisa 3-4 amajazi we-putty ayadingeka.
Lokhu kulandelwa ukuskena isikhumba - ukwenza lo msebenzi, udinga ikhono. Noma iziphi izingozi nezindawo ezihlanze kahle zizovela futhi zibonakale kahle ngaphansi kopende. Ukwephuka kokukhanya kuzogcizelela ukungalingani kwezindonga. Lapho uhlanza izindonga, kuyadingeka ukukhanyisa udonga ngesibani, uqondise ukukhanya kwalo okusakazekile odongeni. Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhomba ukukhubazeka endaweni elungisiwe. Ukuze wenze isihlabathi, udinga ukusebenzisa i-mesh No. 240.
Ukufaka udonga ngothayela
Akunakwenzeka ukunamathisela amathayili odongeni olungalingani ngekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqondanisa nosimende. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-tile yokunamathisela, kuvimbele amathayili ekushibilikeni, futhi inqubo yokubopha ngokwayo iyoba lula kakhulu ukuyenza.
Ukulungisa udonga lokunamathisela amathayili, uzodinga usimende othuthukisiwe. Ikhwalithi ephezulu ayifanelekile kuleli cala. I-gloss yokugcina ayidingeki - udonga lusazofihlwa ngaphansi kokuphela kokuhlobisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezibushelelezi zizophazamisa kuphela ukulungiswa okuphephile kwamathayili asindayo.
Izinzuzo nobubi be-plaster esebenza ngomshini
Ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokufaka usimende kukuvumela ukuba uguqule zonke izigaba - kusuka ekuxubeni ingxube kuye ekumbozeni udonga ngodaka.
Ukwakhiwa kuthelwa esiteshini esikhethekile sokufaka abalimi, esiqala ukulungisa isixazululo. Ngemuva kwalokho, inkosi ifaka ingxube odongeni ngepayipi futhi ilinganise ukumbozwa.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa usimende osebenza ngomshini:
- Izinga lokwakheka kokumboza liphindwe izikhathi ezingama-4-5 kunendlela yendabuko.
- Ukulondolozwa ku-puttying - ungqimba ongu-1 kwanele, ngenkathi uhlelo lokusebenza mathupha ludinga u-2-3.
- Izindleko zenhlanganisela yohlelo lokusebenza lomshini zingaphansi ngama-30-40% kunalezo ezifanayo zesicelo semanuwali.
Okubi:
- Kunzima ukuphakamisela phansi imishini esindayo. Uma ingalingani kukheshi, khona-ke ngeke kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.
- Ukwenza umsebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuxhuma indawo kunethiwekhi kagesi.
- Inzuzo yezomnotho ingatholakala kuphela lapho uqeda izindawo ezinkulu kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-150 metres square.
Isiphetho
Manje usuyazi uku-plaster udonga ngezandla zakho. Ukuzenzela ngokwakho akunzima kangako, noma ngabe umusha kuleli bhizinisi. Amakhono angaqeqeshwa ngendlela. Prakthiza engxenyeni encane yodonga ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuqedela kwangempela.
