Lapho ukhetha isithombe sangemuva segumbi lokuphumula, kufanele kuqala ucabangele ukuthi yiliphi igumbi ohlela ukuliklama. Izimo zokukhanyisa, ubukhulu nokuma kwegumbi kudlala indima enqumayo, ngoba umbala, ukugcwala kwethoni kanye nephethini yesembozo sodonga kungashintsha kakhulu umbono wangaphakathi.
Igumbi lokuhlala: izinhlobo zephephadonga
Umlando walolu hlobo lokuhlobisa waqala eChina, cishe eminyakeni eyinkulungwane yesithathu BC, lapho iphepha lelayisi lalinamathiselwe ezindongeni. Iphephadonga lesimanje lekamelo lokuphumula lingaba lendabuko, elisekwe ephepheni, noma eligezekayo, ngokususelwa kwezinye izinto. Ngokuya ngezinto eziyisisekelo, bahlukaniswe baba:
- Iphepha;
- IVinyl;
- I-Acrylic;
- I-fiberglass;
- Insimbi
- Okuwuketshezi;
- Yemvelo (yendwangu, uqalo, isikhumba nokunye).
Uhlobo ngalunye lodonga lunezinzuzo zalo nobubi balo. Ake sizicabangele ngokuningiliziwe.
Iphepha
Amaphephadonga akudala egumbi lokuphumula enziwa ngesisekelo sephepha. Azimelana nomswakama - kepha lokhu ngokuvamile akudingeki egumbini lokuphumula. Ukunakekela ukugqoka okunjalo kulula - ngezikhathi ezithile badinga ukuhlanzwa nge-vacuum cleaner. Izinhlobonhlobo zemibala namaphethini zikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe umklamo ofanele wanoma iyiphi ingaphakathi, kungaba isitayela esijwayelekile noma sesimanje. Leli phepha lingaba nokuthungwa okwehlukile, umbala, ubushelelezi, uboshwe noma ubhalwe ngombala.
IVinyl
Imiklamo ethakazelisayo yenziwa kusetshenziswa imicu ye-polymer. Ukumbozwa kwe-vinyl esisekelweni esingalukiwe kunomphumela wokulinganisela futhi kusebenza njengokungezelela kokushisa nongqimba lokuvikela umsindo. Umklamo wephephadonga lodonga lukasilika ohlolwe usilika ufanele izitayela zakudala. I-vinyl-thread vinyl esetshenziselwa ungqimba ophezulu ivumela ukwakheka kwamaphephadonga wesimanje amakamelo okuhlala.
I-Acrylic
I-Toboi inesisekelo sephepha lapho i-polymer isetshenziswa khona ngendlela yamachashazi. Lokhu kubanikeza inzuzo ecacile kune-vinyl, ngoba kusiza ukushintshaniswa komoya. Kodwa-ke, awanamanzi amancane futhi impilo yawo yensizakalo ifushane kakhulu. Isisekelo sephepha asikwazi ukufihla ukukhubazeka kodonga, futhi amathuba okuklama anciphile, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lokumboza alusetshenziswa kabanzi.
I-fiberglass
Iphephadonga le-fiberglass lezindonga zegumbi lokuhlala linezinzuzo zalo: zihlala isikhathi eside futhi ziqinile, ziphefumula kahle futhi zingagezwa. Kodwa-ke, ububi bukhona futhi: kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuqedela - ukudweba, futhi ungapenda izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela, ngoba upende ufihla kancane kancane ukukhululeka, kubhebhethekise izakhiwo zokuhlobisa. Izindleko eziphakeme nobunzima bokuqaqa nakho akunikeli ekuthandeni kwale ngubo.
Iphephadonga le-Metallic
Bayakwazi ukugcizelela kahle ukwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu noma kwe-techno. Ezinye izinketho zifaneleka nezitayela zakudala. Isisekelo siyindwangu engalukiwe, lapho kufakwa khona ucwecwe lwe-aluminium ngaphezulu ngongqimba omncane. I-embossing noma iphethini isetshenziselwa ucwecwe, imvamisa ngaphansi kwensimbi: igolide, isiliva, iplatinamu, ithusi. Ucwecwe lunezindawo zokuvikela ukushisa, luyamelana nomswakama, alupheli futhi alugugi isikhathi eside.
Iphepha lodonga
Ukwakheka kwalokhu kuqeda kufaka i-cellulose njengesisekelo, imicu kasilika, odayi, izinto zokuhlobisa (i-mica, umama weparele, amaminerali ahlukahlukene emvuthu, i-glitter, imicu yegolide neyesiliva), kanye nezinto ezivikela ekubunjweni, ekuboleni nasezihlanganisweni. Ngokubukeka, zifana nosimende, zinikezwa zomile futhi zihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Ngokwemvelo
Iphephadonga lingenziwa ngendwangu, uqalo noma imicu ye-jute, amapuleti esikhumba. Ukumboza okwenziwe ngemicu yemvelo efakwe endwangwini engalukiwe nakho kubizwa ngemvelo. Izitshalo zangempela ezomile zingalukelwa kulezi zimbozo. Idizayini yokuqala yangaphakathi akuyona inzuzo kuphela yale ngubo. Iphephadonga lemvelo linezinto ezivikela ukushisa, azipheli, futhi lilungele imvelo.
Umbala wephephadonga wegumbi lokuhlala
Usebenzisa umbala wokumbozwa kodonga nokugcwala kwawo, ungakha imiphumela ehlukahlukene yangaphakathi - ngokwesibonelo, gqamisa izindawo ezisebenzayo, "uphakamise" ukufakwa okuphansi, izindonga ze "push", "ukhanyise" igumbi noma, kunalokho, wakhe umoya osondelene. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi.
Iphephadonga elikhanyayo egumbini lokuphumula
Bazoyinika ubukhazikhazi, bengeze ukukhanya, ikakhulukazi kulezo zimo lapho amafasitela ebheke ohlangothini olusenyakatho. Kancane kancane, ukufiphala kwe-gradient kusuka phezulu kuye phansi kuzodala ukukhohlisa kophahla oluphakeme. Umklamo wendabuko wamakamelo okuhlala umhlobiso wengxenye engezansi, esheshayo yezindonga, enombala omnyama, nangaphezulu ngamathoni akhanyayo.
Iphephadonga elimnyama egumbini lokuphumula
esetshenziswa kaningi ukugqamisa ingxenye ethile yodonga - ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yeziko. Isikimu sombala sikhethwe ngokuya ngesitayela esikhethiwe sokuhlobisa amagumbi nokuthanda komuntu ikhasimende, kuyilapho kunemithetho ejwayelekile eminingana okufanele ilandelwe ukwakha ingaphakathi elinethezekile:
- Amathoni agqamile kakhulu futhi "ane-asidi" kufanele agwenywe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinkulu;
- Emakamelweni ngokuntuleka kokukhanya kwemvelo, unganamathiseli phezu kwezindonga ngephepha lodonga ngemibala emnyama, egcwele;
- Emakamelweni amancane okuhlala, kungcono ukusebenzisa ithoni eyodwa ezindongeni, futhi kufanele kube lula.
Ukuhlanganisa iphepha lodonga egumbini lokuphumula
Igumbi elibekelwe igumbi lokuphumula lingaba nesimo esingajwayelekile, noma uphahla oluphansi kakhulu. Igumbi elikhulu kakhulu futhi alihlali lilihle ngaso sonke isikhathi: kulo umuntu ngeke azizwe ekhululekile kakhulu. Lokhu nokunye ukushiyeka kungalungiswa ngokuhlanganisa ukumbozwa kodonga ngemibala ehlukene, amaphethini nokwakheka.
IJiyomethri
Ngokugqamisa olunye lwezindonga ngesithombe sangemuva noma iphepha lodonga ngezwi elihlukile, ungalungisa kancane i-geometry yesikhala. Usebenzisa iphepha lodonga elihlanganisiwe egumbini lokuphumula ulibhekise mpo, ubukeke "uphakamise" ukufakwa, ohlangothini oluvundlile - "wandise" izindonga.
Ukuklanywa
Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene kwemibala yamaphephadonga egumbini lokuphumula kusetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa isikhala ezindaweni ezisebenzayo - indawo yomlilo, indawo yokufunda, indawo yokubuka i-TV nezinye. Indlela efanayo iyasiza ukugqamisa igumbi lokuphumula kuzakhiwo zepulani evulekile.
Iphephadonga - isici sokuhlobisa
Yomibili le mibala esegumbini lokuphumula ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha ukuhlobisa kodonga lwangempela kusuka kuphephadonga ngephethini noma ngephethini. Isibonelo, zonke izindonga zilula, kanti ezinye izindawo zimnyama ngephethini, zingahlelwa kusetshenziswa umucu wokhuni, wensimbi noma wepulasitiki.
Iphephadonga egumbini lokuphumula: isithombe sezinto zangaphakathi
Izithombe ezingezansi zibonisa izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwesithombe sangemuva sanamuhla ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuphumula.
Isithombe 1. Amaphephadonga amnyama egumbini lokuphumula agqamisa indawo yomlilo nendawo ye-TV.
Isithombe 2. Iphepha lodonga egumbini lokuphumula elinemibala emibili linikeza ingcaca ingaphakathi futhi lihlukanise izingxenye ezisebenzayo: iziko lomlilo nosofa.
Isithombe 3. Iphephadonga elimhlophe egumbini lokuphumula lihlanganiswe nezinto ezimnyama - ifenisha naphansi - nika ingaphakathi isithombe sokubukeka.
Isithombe 4. Idizayini yendabuko enephepha lodonga elikhanyayo elinemihlobiso yezimbali.
Isithombe 5. Umhlobiso wegumbi lokuhlala ngephepha lodonga elifana nezitini uqokomisa indawo kasofa ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi kwanamuhla.
Isithombe 6. Inhlanganisela esegumbini lokuphumula lodonga onemibala ekhanyayo enephethini engabonakali kanye nefenisha emnyama inika ukuvezwa kwangaphakathi.
Isithombe 7. Umbono othakazelisayo wephephadonga legumbi lokuphumula ekwakhiweni kwesitayela se-eco.
Isithombe 8. Iphephadonga elihle legumbi lokuphumula ngamathoni abomvana lidala ingaphakathi lezothando.
