Kunamaqhinga amaningi namasu wokuqamba angasetshenziswa ukushintsha umbono wokubuka wegumbi. Izindlela eziningi zifaka ukubekwa okunekhono, okufanele kwezinto zokuhlobisa. Ukusetshenziswa kokubumba kuthola ukuthandwa okukhulu. Ngosizo lwalezi zinto zokuhlobisa, ungafinyelela ushintsho olukhulu esikhaleni egumbini lokuphumula, ehholo, ehhovisi.
Ukubumba kwangaphakathi kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside, ngokwesibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwamahholo esigodlo ngesitayela se-rococo esihle. Abaqambi besimanje bayazisebenzisa ukufeza ukubukeka okuphelele lapho benza izinto zangaphakathi ze-classic, neoclassical. Lesi sici sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamawindi, izindonga, izindawo zophahla. Ngaphezu komsebenzi wobuhle, ingavikela indawo ekulimaleni, ifihle amaphutha odonga akhona.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Ukubumba kungumugqa wokusiza we-volumetric onamathele ebusweni bezindonga, uphahla, eduze komnyango, ukuvulwa kwewindi. I-elementi inomkhawulo wobude (2 m), kepha ingaba nobubanzi obuhlukile, ukwakheka, okuqukethwe.
Izinto zokwenziwa zingahlukahluka, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu:
- i-polystyrene;
- ipulasitiki;
- polyurethane.
Izinto zokuhlobisa ezenziwe ngalezi zinto zihlala isikhathi eside, kulula ukuzifaka nokuzinakekela. Amacala angavamile adinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingaphezulu ezenziwe ngokhuni, itshe lemvelo, ukhonkolo. Izinto ezinjalo zibiza kakhulu, kunzima ukusebenza nazo, futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Amaphaneli enziwe ngamatshe noma ngokhuni asetshenziswa kakhulu ekubuyiseleni izinto ezibalulekile ngokomlando, ngenkathi kugcinwa ubuqiniso bazo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Lapho usebenzisa ukubumba okwenziwe ngezinto zemvelo ezindlini ezizimele, ezindlini, ubunzima bokugcinwa kufanele bucatshangwe. Izinto zokwakha zishaya kakhulu, zidinga izimo ezithile zesikhala esizungezile. Isibonelo, izinto zokwenziwa ngokhuni phezulu ngokushesha zilahlekelwa ukwakheka kwazo, umbala wazo, nezinye izimfanelo zobuhle kumswakama ophezulu. Ukufakwa onemibala nokufakwa ngemibala ekhanyayo kuthola ukuthandwa okungakaze kubonwe. Kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela, kulula kakhulu ukweqa umugqa futhi ingaphakathi lizobukeka lingenangqondo.
Umqondo wokubumba ufaka: ukubunjwa kwe-stucco, ama-plinths, ozimele, amapheshana, amaphaneli afakiwe. Esigabeni, zingaba yizicaba, ziqoshwe noma ziyi-convex. Bangakwazi ukuba nemininingwane eminingi encane ebunjiwe yokuhlobisa. Ngisho nokubiyela kophahla, okwenza ushintsho olubushelelezi kusuka odongeni, kungathathwa njengokubumba. Ukubumba okunemibala kusetshenziselwa ukugcizelela imininingwane yomuntu ngamunye yokuhlobisa, ukwahlukanisa isikhala ngemidwebo ehlukile.
Esikhathini esiningi ukubumba kumane kunamathiselwe ku-glue ekhethekile noma ngezikulufo zokuzishaya, ezifihliwe nge-putty. Ukuzibopha ukuzishaya kusetshenziswa lapho ukubumba kwenziwa ngezinto ezisindayo noma ukubopha ngezinye izindlela kungenzeki. Ukukhethwa kokubunjwa kuncike kwisitayela jikelele nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi. Isitayela sangaphakathi singaba sobudala futhi sisondele kwesimanje noma emadolobheni.
Ukubunjwa kuyindlela elula, engabizi, yangempela yokuphatha isikhala ngenkathi kwakhiwa isilungiselelo sangempela.
Umhlobiso wodonga
Ukubumba odongeni kungasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. Leli yithuba elihle lokunweba ngokubonakalayo, ukwandisa isikhala noma ukulihlukanisa. Ingaphakathi lesimanje lingafaka ukwakheka okuningi futhi lihlanganise umhlobiso wodonga nephephadonga lemibala ehlukene, inhlanganisela yephephadonga nopende ezindaweni ezithile. Kungenxa yokwehlukaniswa nokushintshwa okubushelelezi kusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye lapho kusetshenziswa lolu hlobo lokuhlobisa.
Ukubunjwa kwephephadonga akukwazi ukusebenza njenge-spacer kuphela, kungabuye kufihle ukungapheleli, ukulungiswa okuyiphutha nezindonga ezingalingani. Umhlobiso obekwe kahle uyakwazi ukwelula isikhala, kuxegise okungajwayelekile. Ukubumba akuvamile ukusetshenziswa esimweni esisodwa, imvamisa kuba ukwakheka okuphelele kozimele noma amapulangwe ahlanganiswe ngokuvumelanayo. Uma isikhala sivuma, khona-ke ukubunjwa kungabekwa ngokulingana ezingxenyeni ezithile zodonga, kubukeka kukuhle futhi kuyabiza.
Usebenzisa leli thuluzi lokuhlobisa, ungalula ngokubonakalayo igumbi, le ndlela isetshenziswa emakamelweni anophahla oluphansi. Kulokhu, izakhi zifakwa zibheka endaweni lapho iphepha lodonga lixhunywe khona ngamaphethini ahlukile, imibala, ukwakheka. Lokhu kuzogcizelela yonke eminye imihlobiso, etholakala eduze kwephoyinti lokuguqula futhi ingeze ophahleni oluphezulu ekamelweni.
Ama-moldings angasetshenziswa kunoma yiliphi igumbi: igumbi lokuphumula, inkulisa, igumbi lokulala, ikhishi noma igumbi lokudlela. I-pastel nokubumba okuncanyana kufaneleke kakhulu ekamelweni lokulala, ngenkathi enkulisa ungadlala ngokuthungwa nokusizwa futhi wakhe isimo esihle. Lapho kuhlobiswa izindonga, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalayishi ngokweqile ingaphakathi. Ukubukeka okuqediwe kwegumbi kufanele kube kufushane futhi kuvinjelwe.
Ngokusetshenziswa ngokungafanele kokuhlobisa okuphezulu ezindongeni, kulula ukonakalisa nokuhlanekezela igumbi. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqonda ukuthi lapho uqamba ukwakheka kusuka kozimele noma ukuphinda imidwebo, kufanele kufane ngosayizi futhi kutholakala ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka ophahleni, phansi noma ewindini.
Ukubumbana ezindongeni kubukeka kubiza futhi kuyabukisa, lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho kuhlobiswa amakamelo anendawo encane, ngoba akunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uwagcwale ngenani elikhulu lokuhlobisa nezinto ezisizayo. Kulesi simo, inhlanganisela yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlobisa udonga, ukuhlukaniswa kwesithombe sangemuva ngokubumba kuzoba kuhle. Lokhu kuzogcwalisa igumbi ngevolumu eyengeziwe.
Uma kuhlanganiswe ukupenda ngopende noma udonga lodonga, ukubumba kungagcizelela ukwahlukana, kufakwe ngokuphelele izinto ezihlukile. Ungayisebenzisa ngenye indlela - ukuze ubushelelezi futhi wenze ushintsho olubushelelezi, ungenza ushintsho olucishe lungabonakali.
Izingxenye ezithile eziphindayo zingenziwa ekubunjweni. Le ndlela ibalulekile emakamelweni anophahla oluphakeme nezindonga ezikhanyayo. Ngokwezinga elithile, ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kokubumba ezindongeni ukwakha izingxenye ezingunxande kuyo. Ukubumba okugobile kungasetshenziselwa ukwakha amakhothamo futhi kulingise ukuvulwa kwewindi. Le ndlela ifanele amakamelo okulala noma amakamelo okuhlala kwisitayela se-Renaissance noma se-neoclassicism.
Le nto isetshenziswa kabanzi lapho kuhlobiswa igumbi lezingane. Kwenza ukubiyela okuhle kozimele bezithombe, izibuko, amashelufu ezincwadi. Iphephadonga elinemichilo ephrintiwe ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokulala libukeka limangalisa; maqondana nesizinda sezindonga ezikhanyayo, ungenza izigaba eziningana ezihluke ngombala, ukuthungwa bese uzifaka ngemichilo emincane evinjelwe. Kuvunyelwe ukubeka izinto ze-stucco, okunye ukuhlobisa kwe-volumetric maphakathi nokwakheka.
Lapho uhlobisa izindonga, ukubumba kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ububanzi, uhlelo lombala luyasetshenziswa. Kunconywa ukuthi ulungiselele ukwakheka nosayizi kusengaphambili. Ungamaka izindonga ngepensela elula noma ngoshoki.
Amafreyimu nezicabha
Emafulethini anamuhla, amawindi awahlali ephakeme futhi amakhulu njalo. Ungangeza umuzwa wesikhala samahhala futhi ubukeke ukhulise indawo yewindi ngokubumba. Ewindini eliphansi nelincane, ukuphela kwe-laconic nokubanzi kuphelele. Kumafasitela amakhulu, ungasebenzisa ukubumba ngezinhlobonhlobo zokufakwa kokuhlobisa nezinto ze-stucco.
Amapulangwe, amabhodi okushibilika enza indawo ezungeze ukuvulwa kwewindi, kungaba ukuhleleka okuhambisanayo noma kugcizelela indawo ethile yewindi. Lapho uhlobisa iwindi ngokubunjwa, akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa imibala ekhanyayo, ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamapulangwe, amaphrofayili, lokhu kuzovala isikhala esizungezile, futhi kudonsele ukunakekela okungadingekile ewindini. Emafasiteleni e-panoramic, ukubunjwa okufakiwe kwe-stucco kubukeka kukuhle; kungakha umbono wokuba sesigodlweni esidala eningizimu yeFrance. Ukuhlobisa okuzungeze ukuvulwa kwewindi kufanele kuhambisane noma kufane ncamashi nombala wohlaka efasiteleni. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa inqubo lapho ukubunjwa emafasiteleni kuphindaphinda iphethini, isisusa, ukukhululeka kocingo lomnyango.
Imvamisa ngaphakathi, ukubumba kusetshenziswa njengezinto zokuvula umnyango. Le yindlela enhle yokuhlukanisa igumbi elinomnyango kuphela noma i-archway. Kulokhu, izinto ezingaphezulu kwemibala ehlukene zingasetshenziselwa ukugcizelela kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zegumbi. Lokhu kuhlobisa kungakhulisa usayizi womnyango, futhi, uma kunesidingo, wenze ushintsho olubushelelezi.
Lokhu kuyadingeka ezimweni lapho udinga ukufihla khona umnyango. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imichilo yokuhlobisa eyenziwe ngezinto eziqinile ivame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvikela ezindaweni ezithile zegumbi. Lokhu kungaba wusizo ngokungabikho kokhiye womnyango, lapho isibambo somnyango sishaya isithombe sangemuva.
Uphahla noma amabhodi okushibilika phansi avikela izindonga ekulimaleni komshini ngezingxenye zefenisha. Ukufaka umucu ophindwe kabili wokubumba ngaphansi kophahla kungakhuphula kakhulu ukuphakama kophahla bese wengeza indawo yamahhala ekamelweni. Ipulangwe elilodwa kufanele lihambe ngomugqa owedlulele wodonga eduze kophahla, elesibili kufanele libekwe phansi ngo-10-20 cm.
Uma ufuna ukukhulisa ngokubonakalayo ukuphakama kophahla, udini kufanele lunanyathiselwe ngokuqinile ezingeni lekhoneni likasilingi. Umugqa ophezulu obanzi udala ukubonakala kophahla oluqinile.
Ukusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile kokubumba
Ngaphezu kwezindlela ezichazwe ngenhla, ukubumba kungenzeka kungasetshenziswa ngomqondo wendabuko. Amashalofu angaphandle ezincwadi noma ezinye izinto ezincane atholakala kuloludaba. Ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa ibha ebanzi, eyi-convex yobude obuncane. Lawa angaba amakhophi awodwa, mhlawumbe ukwakheka, isibonelo, ekhoneni legumbi. Lesi sixazululo sibukeka sijabulisa futhi sigcina isikhala. Ukulandela isibonelo samashalofu ezincwadi, ungahlomisa izindawo zezithombe, izimbali ezincane zezimbali, indawo yokhiye.
Ama-safes afihliwe noma izinto zasendlini zakhiwe ngokubumba. I-TV ye-plasma ekwazi ukugqama kakhulu kwisitayela sangaphakathi ingaguqulwa ngamaphrofayli akhethekile ambalwa avundlile. Kukhona umkhuba wokuhlobisa amasethi wefenisha, imibhede yokugcina, izihlalo zemihlane ngokubumba. Ukubumba okusetshenziswe kakhulu okwenziwe ngezinhlobo ezinhle zezinkuni, akuvamile - ipulasitiki, igwebu ngokhuni lokulingisa.
Uhlobo oluhlukile lokubumba luyinsimbi, elingisa isiliva, i-gilding, ithusi. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa ezindlini ezibizayo, ezinesithunzi. Izindawo zomlilo, izibuko ezinkulu, amakholomu ahlotshiswe ngemicu yegolide ebanzi, eqoshiwe abukeka emangalisa kulawa makamelo.
Ukukhethwa kombala, ukuthungwa, okubunjiwe inqubo kuyinqubo edinga izeluleko zochwepheshe, iqembu labaqambi. Ngokuzethemba okuphelele emandleni akho, ungazama ukukwenza ngokwakho.
Amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele lapho uhlobisa igumbi ngokubumba:
- indawo yegumbi;
- impahla yokuhlobisa udonga;
- ubukhona bezinye izinto zokuhlobisa;
- ukujwayela izinsiza-kufundisa (isithombe, ividiyo) ekusebenzeni nokubumba;
- isikhala sokufakwa / ukwehliswa kwemichilo kwamahhala.
Ungathatha isithombe sangaphakathi, bese umaka indawo yezakhi zokuhlobisa kuso. Le ndlela izosiza ukonga isikhathi, yenza izibalo ezinembile zenani lezinto ezidingekayo.
Lapho kubalwa inani lezinto ezidingekayo, kufanelekile ukucubungula isitoko esincane. Umugqa omkhulu kufanele wenziwe lapho kusetshenziswa ukubumba kusuka entweni ethambile, engasindi. Inqubo yokufaka icabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ama-chips, imifantu, ukuphuka. Uma usebenzisa amapaneli angaphezulu komthunzi okhanyayo, kufanelekile ukukhetha izinto ezingagezwa. Iningi lazo lifakwe ngokukhethekile ngesixazululo esithile esivimbela uthuli futhi esingamunuki iphunga langaphandle.
Ezandleni zangakwesokudla, ukubumba kungaba yithuluzi elicashile lokwenza ngcono isikhala egumbini, ukulihlukanisa, nokwandisa indawo. Ukubumba kungasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezakhiweni zokuhlala, amafulethi, amahhovisi, izakhiwo zebhizinisi. Umthetho oyinhloko ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ume nini. Amapulangwe ambalwa angashintsha ingaphakathi eliyinkimbinkimbi libe yigumbi le-angular elihlekisayo. Ngenhlanganisela ephumelelayo yokubumba, izakhi zodonga zokuhlobisa, igumbi liyaguqulwa, likhanya, libe nomoya. Imibono yokukhuthazwa ingatholakala kumamagazini acwebezelayo, ukushicilelwa kokuklama, ukubuka izithombe zezinto zangaphakathi eziqediwe Ukhiye womklamo omuhle uhlelo olucatshangwe kahle lokubekwa kwezinto ezihlobisa.
