I-Art Deco ngokwezwi nezwi ihumusha ngokuthi "ubuciko bokuhlobisa" kusuka eFrance. Le yinhlangano yezitayela, eqanjwe ngombukiso wamazwe omhlaba wango-1925. Isitayela se-deco yobuciko ngaphakathi bekuhlale kukhethwa ngabahlakaniphileyo bokudala, abaphezulu, abaphezulu. Ihlotshaniswa nokunethezeka kwesimo sangaphakathi njengokuvela ezithombeni zomagazini abacwebezelayo, amafulethi asemfashinini, izibuko zezinkanyezi, impahla ekhethekile. Ukuze uthole incazelo, izici zingukulingana okuhle kakhulu - kuyabiza, kuyakhanya, kunesibindi. Muva nje, kube negagasi elisha lokuthandwa kwesiqondiso. Abaqambi bacabange kabusha izinto eziyimpumelelo ezinkulu futhi ukubuyela kwayo ezintweni zangaphakathi zaseYurophu akuzange kubhekwe.
Lesi sitayela samaphethini wejiyomethri nezinto zokuqedela abasezingeni eliphezulu senza sikwazi ukufaka kahle izinto eziningi ezibizayo ngaphakathi, ezithandwa kakhulu ngabantu banamuhla. Ifaneleke kakhulu amafulethi amakhulu, izindlu zokuhlala zasemaphandleni, amafulethi asestudiyo.
Izici ezi-5 ezihlukile
Idizayini ye-Art Deco inokufana okuthile nezinye izinkomba - kunamaphoyinti okuxhumana nezindlela zesimanjemanje, i-hi-tech, kepha kunama-postulates ayisisekelo, ngenxa yalokho ukwehluka kwawo kubonakala:
- I-geometry enkulu yephethini enama-zigzags, imigqa eqondile eqala ophahleni nasezindongeni, idlulela kufenisha, izindwangu. Ukubonakaliswa kwesibuko kwama-circulion motifs ayisiyingi kuqonde phansi.
- Sebenzisa ekuhlobiseni izinto zemvelo ezikhethiwe zokuthungwa okuphakanyisiwe: isikhumba sengwenya, isikhumba sedube, isikhumba sengwe, esinamazinyo endlovu.
- Isikimu sombala siyi-monochrome impela, ayibekezeleli ama-halftones, inhlanganisela isuselwa ekuqhathanisweni kwale mibala elandelayo: omhlophe, omnyama, igolide, onsomi.
- Ubuningi bokudizayina: ukonga akuyona indawo, kuyabiza futhi kucebile yisiqubulo salesi sitayela.
- Ukungabikho okuphelele kwemihlobiso yothando, yemvelo.
Imibala eyisisekelo nomumo
Ukuguquguquka komklamo kubonakala ngokulingana okuhle kwezinto zayo ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwanamuhla. Izakhiwo ze-Zigzag zilula kahle isikhala, kwanele ukusebenzisa ukwakheka kwepharathi ngephethini ye-zigzag noma ngokubeka amathayili amnyama namhlophe nge-herringbone. Esinye isici esibalulekile yimisebe yelanga, eshelela phakathi kwamafomu, umhlobiso. Ukudlulwa kwezinto eziningi kwamukelekile: imivimbo eshisayo yefenisha ephakanyisiwe idlulela ezindongeni noma phansi. Abaqambi bavame ukuhlanganisa umthetho wemisebe yelanga nokunyathela - khona-ke imisebe eveza imizwa iyakwazi ukwehluka ngezinyathelo.
Imininingwane ithatha isimo se-trapezoidal: imihlane yosofa, izihlalo, uhlobo lwezibuko zokubiyela, amawindi. Yini engabukeka iyinkimbinkimbi kunokusebenzisa "umphumela wepiyano": imivimbo emnyama nemhlophe (kaningi eminye imibala ehlukile), efana nokhiye, ehlukile ekwakhiweni komuntu ngamunye. IJiyomethri nokulinganisa kuyisici esivelele sokwakheka kwesitayela, ngakho-ke izakhiwo zakhiwe ukufezekisa incazelo ephezulu yemingcele. Umqondo wombala ubhekisa ezintweni zemvelo (umhlaba, isikhumba, itshe, insimbi, iqhwa). Imibala efana nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, obomvu, i-burgundy, uma ifakwa ekwakhiweni, ithulisiwe kancane.
Idizayini yamakamelo, ehlukile ekusebenzeni kwawo, inama-nuances ayo.
Igumbi lokuhlala laseBohemian
Isitayela se-deco yobuciko segumbi lokuphumula siyakwazi ukwengeza ukwenziwa kwemibono ehlukahlukene, siguqule igumbi libe yisikhungo sangempela sobuhle. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziwubukhazikhazi (isikhumba sengwenya, isikhumba sikashaka), inhlanganisela yezinto ezingahambelani, ngokwesibonelo, ingilazi enezinsimbi zokuphonsa, ezasempumalanga, izinhloso zaseGibhithe, kubalulekile lapha. Ukuba khona kwesithando somlilo noma izitebhisi kukuvumela ukuba uzenze isikhungo esinengqondo, kanye nejometri yegumbi lokuphumula - ukushiya ngokuphelele imigqa ebushelelezi, ukuqhubekisela phambili umehluko.
Ikhono lokuhlukanisa izindawo zibe ngamabhuloki acacile lenza kube lula ukulingana ngobuchwepheshe besimanje. Isikimu sombala esifanele sinsundu futhi beige noma omnyama nomhlophe. Lapho kuhlobiswa izindonga, kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa izinto eziningi zesabelomali ezinjengephepha lodonga ngamaphaneli okhuni akhethekile. Intandokazi phakathi kokumboza phansi yi-parquet ngemibala emnyama.
Ifenisha iyanethezeka, yenzelwe uku-oda kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezimnyama kakhulu zezinkuni. Isici esihlukile sendawo ukulinganisa; ungadinga izinto eziphindiwe ukulinganisela ingxenye eyodwa yegumbi ngokuhlukile. Kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukubeka ikhabethe elikhulu lokubonisa bese uligcwalisa ngezinto ezinhle eziyigugu. Izindwangu ezikhethwe ngokucophelela ziyadingeka - amakhethini asindayo e-velvet asetha ithoni, namasofa amakhukhi ayasekela; izesekeli zasendulo; izithombe ezincane zamanani abesifazane; amavazi amakhulu; udonga noma amawashi aphansi we-anti-antique.
Igumbi lokulala lezinkanyezi zaseHollywood
Ukwakha igumbi lokulala lobuciko, awudingi ukwesaba ukuzama izakhi zokuhlobisa, kepha hhayi ukweqa umugqa phakathi kobuciko obucwengiweyo, obucwengekile nokunethezeka, onqamula ku-kitsch.
Igumbi lokulala lalesi sixazululo sokwakheka liyisici esithe xaxa sokuthamba kwamafomu, ngoba maphakathi naleli gumbi umbhede onebhodi eliyinhloko, elihlotshiswe ngezinto zokuhlobisa. Ukuba khona kwetafula lokugqoka elinomumo ongajwayelekile kanye ne-ottoman kuyadingeka nje, kanye nenani elanele lezibuko ezingeke zivumele igumbi ukuthi libukeke ngokwehla ngenxa yamathoni athulisiwe adingekayo ukulala ngokunethezeka. Imidwebo nomhlobiso kungenye yezinto ezisemqoka zokuhlobisa udonga, amafresco noma umdwebo wokuhlobisa kungenzeka, ukubunjwa kwe-stucco kufanelekile ophahleni.
Phambi kombhede, kufanele kulungiswe isikhumba semvelo noma itoti elenziwe ngoboya obude obuyinqwaba ngejazi elingaphansi elijiyile. Umbhede uqobo umbozwe umbhede wokunethezeka, umbala wemicamelo uhlanganiswe nezwi lokuphakama kwe-ottoman nesihlalo sobukhosi. Upholstery kufanele lube ngokungafani nezindonga nophahla. Kanye ne-crystal chandelier emaphakathi, amalambu angeziwe, amalambu aphansi, ukukhanya kwe-LED kuyadingeka.
Igumbi lokudlela lekhishi likanokusho
Okwekhishi nendawo yokudlela, isici esisehlukanisayo sanele ngemilenze eminingi nokufakwa kwezinye izinto eziyimpoqo ngezinto ezisebenza ngokwengeziwe: i-parquet phansi nakanjani idinga ukushintshwa ngamathayili; entweni yezihlalo, khetha isikhumba. Inketho ekahle kungaba ukuhlelwa kwekhishi nesiqhingi (indawo ekhethekile lapho kukhishwa usinki, indawo yokusebenza, indawo yokupheka). Isixazululo esihle kungaba yisibuko esilingana ngokuhehayo ngaphezu kwebha yokuvikela ukuze kubonakale kukhuliswa isikhala segumbi lokudlela lasekhishini. Ukucwenga indawo kufanele kwenziwe ophahleni nasezindongeni, phansi - isigcawu ngaphansi kwetafula lokudlela. Izindwangu zendwangu zilungele ukuqeda indawo yokudlela. Isikimu sombala esihle kakhulu kuseyinhlanganisela emnyama nomhlophe, ezongena ngokuvumelanayo ezintweni zasendlini ezenziwe ngopulasitiki nensimbi efakwe i-chrome.
Umthetho oyinhloko wokwenza umhlobiso wekhishi ocacile ukungaguquguquki. Konke kufanele kube nesizotha ngokulinganayo, kusuka etafuleni lokudlela kuya kumathayili we-apron.
Umhlaba wesibuko
Ukukhanyisa kudlala cishe indima enkulu, kunikeza igumbi igumbi, inhlanzeko, ukukhanya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle komlingani wakhe - isibuko. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngisho nefenisha ayikwazi ukuba yinsimbi nje kuphela, kepha inezindawo ezifakiwe (futhi manje asikhulumi nge-banal wardrobe ekamelweni lokulala). Ngakho-ke, ekamelweni lokulala, ungenza umnyango onezibuko ozokhonjwa kuphela ngesibambo segolide. Kungenzeka udale umphumela wobukhona obuningi bamaphethini, okuthi, uma ubonakaliswa, wenze ingaphakathi lekamelo licebe ngokubonakalayo. Abaqambi bayeluleka ngokusebenzisa inani eliphakeme lezindawo ezivezayo zomhlaba wonke, izinti zezibani zethusi, imifanekiso ehlanganisiwe. Idizayini ifaka ukukhetha okukhulu kwezindawo ezifakiwe - ezifakwe ukukhanya kwelanga okulingisiwe, ama-trapezoidal, izibuko ezinkulu zokuphakama kodonga, ezifundiswa amakristalu.
Isibuko selanga siyikhadi elivakashelayo lalesi sitayela, kuyifenisha enhle ekhombisa ukuvumelana nokuphelela, futhi imisebe yelanga eyahlukahlukene ingakunika isimo esihle nemfudumalo.
Ngosizo lwenani elikhulu lezindawo zesibuko lapho ungazama khona ukudala uhlobo oluhlukile lobuciko be-art deco efulethini elincane, okuqale kubonakale kungenakwenzeka ngenxa yobuningi bezindwangu ezisindayo nezinto eziningi zokuhlobisa.
Amathrendi
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinto zokuqeda ezintsha nezixazululo zokusetshenziswa kwazo zivela minyaka yonke. Ingaphakathi le-art deco liguquka njalo - abaklami benza imininingwane, khetha izesekeli, baguqule imibono emisha. Ukuvela kwamathuluzi amasha wokwakha kukuvumela ukuthi udwebe futhi uhlobise amakamelo ngalesi sitayela ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kalula, ngoba kungathatha isikhathi eside kusuka kuphrojekthi kuya ekusetshenzisweni. Izinhlobonhlobo zefenisha nezinye izesekeli ngonyaka ka-2018 zizokwenza lula umsebenzi wokuhlobisa.
Abakhiqizi befenisha abadumile baya ngokuya bethuthukisa amaqoqo amasha ngezinto zesitayela esithile, okubuye kuvule ama-horizons abanzi ekwakhiweni, ngoba ifenisha eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ayibizi kangako, kepha iyinkinga kakhulu.
Kusuka kumagazini acwebezelayo, ungathola ukuqondiswa kwe-vector eyinhloko yemfashini, ukuthola imibono ethokozisayo yokwakhiwa kwangaphakathi. Ngokuya ngokuthambekela kombala, u-2017 wayethandwa ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oletha ukukhanya kwe-monochrome. Ngo-2018, imibala yegolide, yemabula, emhlophe, empunga newayini izobe isemfashinini, okuyisici esiyinhloko semibala yalesi siqondiso sesitayela. Vele, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi akukwenziwa unyaka owodwa wokuphila.
Ama-Classics ahlala ahlala emfashini, kepha i-art deco ibiqinisa isikhundla sayo kule minyaka embalwa edlule futhi singacabanga ngokuqiniseka ukuthi izosebenza isikhathi eside. Manje kukhona okunye ukukhuphuka kwesithakazelo ku-art deco ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, imfashini, futhi, ngokufanele, ngezixazululo zangaphakathi. Ukunethezeka kwawo wonke amalungu omndeni kuba maphakathi nefilosofi yalesi sixazululo sesitayela.
Phakathi kwezinto ezintsha ezifanele kakhulu, singabona ukusetshenziswa kwe-onyx ekhanyisiwe, okungasekho nzima kangako ukuyisebenzisa. Isetshenziselwa ukuqeda izitebhisi, iminyango, uphahla, uphahla. Ukuqondiswa kwesitayela kwe-Art Deco kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngokuzikhandla ekwakhiweni kwegumbi lezingane. Ngakho-ke, enye into entsha, iphephadonga le-luminescent, liyanele ngokwalo, alidingi ukuxhaswa okwengeziwe kwemininingwane engadingekile, kepha liyakwazi ukudala umoya oyingqayizivele womlingo.
Izinzuzo zokwakha
Lesi sitayela sinezici eziningi ezinhle lapho sisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene:
- ukunethezeka, i-chic yangempela, kuhlanganiswe nethuba lokubonakaliswa kobuciko;
- izinto zokuqedela zemvelo ezibizayo (imabula, uboya bemvelo, isikhumba, usilika, i-velvet, izinkuni eziyigugu, ingilazi, insimbi, amafasitela anengilazi);
- ifenisha yokuqala eyigugu, kuhlanganiswe nezinto zasendlini zanamuhla namagajethi;
- yinkimbinkimbi imibala;
- ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-chrome, ukwakha umhlobiso wangaphakathi;
- ukulingiswa okuqinile kwejometri;
- ukukhanya okukhanyayo.
Uma sicabanga ngesitayela sisonke, sibukeka siwubukhazikhazi, sibiza kakhulu, sinama-bohemian, sikhulu, sihle. Ukubuyela emuva okubalulekile izindleko ezibalulekile zezimali zokuqaliswa kwayo, okunqanda ukusatshalaliswa kwayo okubanzi. Kepha uma ufuna ukunethezeka, inkululeko, i-bohemian chic, khona-ke indawo yangaphakathi enemfashini futhi enesitayela yenziwa nje ukuzwa ukunambitheka kwempilo.
