Amashidi e-Plasterboard angabhekwa ngokufanele njengezinto zokwakha zomhlaba wonke zomsebenzi wangaphakathi. Ukusuka kubo, ungakha iziko lamanga, wenze ukuvuleka kwe-arched, ama-curly niches. Kepha imvamisa kakhulu afakwa kusuka ezindongeni ezomisiwe nakumahlukanisi. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zikuvumela ukuba ushintshe ngokushesha futhi kalula ukwakheka nokuklanywa kwezakhiwo noma ngasikhathi sinye ukulinganisa izindonga nokuvikela, ukuhlukanisa igumbi uqobo emsindweni. Kuyiqiniso, ngenxa yokushuba okuphawulekayo kwento nohlaka, uma umuntu edinga ukufakwa, ngandlela thile "badla" isikhala samahhala. Ngakho-ke, kungaba okunengqondo ukuthatha isinqumo sokuhlukanisa igumbi elinabahlukanisi be-plasterboard abancane noma ukuqeda zonke izindonga kuphela ngendawo ebalulekile yegumbi elihlonyisiwe. Futhi uma le nketho ikufanela, sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze ngokushesha izincazelo eziwusizo zento uqobo kanye nezici zokusetshenziswa kwayo. Izincomo nemiyalo eqondile izokusiza ukwenza ukufakwa okulungile kodonga lwe-gypsum plasterboard ngezandla zakho.
Izici:
Ungakha udonga lwe-plasterboard kunoma iyiphi into: efulethini elijwayelekile noma endlini yezitini, eyetshe. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zingabuye zakhiwe ezindlini zokhuni, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuqeda i-plasterboard ephelele ngokhuni (ukugcina isitayela sonke) ngeke kwenzeke. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamapulangwe asindayo, i-drywall izoqala ukukhubazeka. Ukufakwa kwesakhiwo kungenziwa kufreyimu (eyenziwe ngamaphrofayili wensimbi noma ama-slats enziwe ngokhuni), nangendlela engenacala. Ngaphambi kokuletha i-drywall esikhungweni, kufanele unakekele ukuhlela indawo yokugcina. Ungabeka i-drywall ohlangothini (olude) eceleni emthambekeni omncane odongeni. Ungayibeka futhi phansi, ngemuva kokwakha i-flooring encane evela emabhodini. Isinyathelo sokuqapha esinjalo sizovimbela uketshezi oluchitheke ngengozi lungangeni kwi-gypsum futhi luyenze lube manzi.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zezindonga ze-plasterboard
Inzuzo ebalulekile yokusebenzisa i-drywall yokulinganisa izindonga noma ukwakha ukwahlukanisa kulula ukufakwa. Noma kudingeka ukwenza ifreyimu, umsebenzi wenziwa ngokushesha futhi kalula. Ezinye izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinto ezinjalo zifaka:
- ukuqedela ubungani bamashidi kwezemvelo (ngenxa yokungabikho kokubopha okuyingozi ekwakhiweni);
- ithuba lokuqeda izindonga ezakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukene;
- amandla esakhiwo esiphelile;
- ukutholakala ngesigaba sentengo (noma izinhlobo ezikhethekile ze-drywall);
- ukwenziwa lula kokusebenza kwamafomu angajwayelekile;
- lula ukucubungula izinto ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa;
- ukugcina i-microclimate ejwayelekile ekamelweni ngenxa yokutholakala okuphezulu komoya kongqimba lwe-gypsum.
Okubi kwezindonga ze-gypsum plasterboard (ezaqoqwa kuphela kumabhodi we-gypsum nakumaphrofayli) kufaka phakathi ukwahlukanisa umsindo okuphansi. Futhi, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekugcineni amashidi. Zintekenteke kakhulu futhi zingalimala uma zilayishwa ngokunganembile noma endaweni engaphumelelanga egumbini elihlonyisiwe. Okunye ukungalungi ukumelana okuphansi nengcindezi. Ngeke kwenzeke ukubethela amashalofu kuzipho odongeni olomile noma ukulungisa isibani esisindayo esinomthunzi wengilazi kuso.
Izinhlobo ze-drywall
I-plus ethandekayo ye-drywall ukwehluka kwayo. Emakethe yesimanje yezinto zokwakha, ungathola izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamashidi:
- okujwayelekile (i-GKL): iyinhlama ye-gypsum, eboshwe phakathi kwezendlalelo zamakhadibhodi aminyene; evame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kokwahlukanisa nokulinganisa izindonga; ayifanele ukusetshenziswa emakamelweni anomswakama ophezulu womoya;
- ukumelana nomswakama (GKLV): faka izithasiselo ezandisa ukumelana nomswakama nokubonakala kwefungus noma isikhunta; efanelekile ukufakwa ekhishini nasendlini yokugezela;
- ukumelana nomlilo (i-GKLO): kusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa udonga (noma ukwakhiwa kwama-partitions) ezikhungweni ezinobungozi bomlilo obandayo; ingabekwa eduze kwezitofu, izitofu, izindawo zokubasa umlilo;
- ukumelana nomswakama (GKLOV): uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-drywall olumelana nomswakama futhi ngasikhathi sinye lwandisa ukuphepha komlilo ekamelweni.
I-drywall ihlukaniswa ngenhloso. Ezindongeni kusetshenziswa udonga, ubukhulu balo bungaphezu kuka-12.5 mm. Isibonelo, amashidi we-Knauf angaba nobukhulu obungu-12.5 kuye ku-24 mm.
Izindonga ze-Plasterboard kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besakhiwo
Ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ze-plasterboard kuhlaka kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuzifaka. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenza ekwakheni ukwahlukanisa kusuka ekuqaleni nasekulinganiseni izindonga okukhona kuwo amaconsi angaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-4. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuba khona kwesisekelo esinokwethenjelwa esenziwe ngamaphrofayli, lapho ungakwazi khona ukufihla kuphela izintambo, kepha futhi uhlele ukwahlukanisa, amapuleti angenawo umsindo. Iyahlukahluka futhi ilungele ukuqaliswa kunoma iliphi igumbi elibanzi nalapho usebenza nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-drywall. Inzuzo ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe yikhono lokwenza isitayela kalula egumbini ngokufakwa kwama-niches noma izindonga ezibuyiselwe zangemuva. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziningi namathuluzi, ukwakhiwa kodonga lwe-plasterboard lwenziwa ngaphandle kobunzima obuthile. Ngezansi sibuyekeze imiyalo eningiliziwe ezokuvumela ukuthi wenze ukufakwa kwesakhiwo esinjalo ngezandla zakho.
Izinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi
Ukuze wenze ngokuzimela ukufakwa kwewwallwall odongeni, uzodinga ukulungisa izinto ezilandelayo namathuluzi:
- amashidi e-drywall;
- imihlahlandlela namaphrofayili aqukethe;
- i-puncher (yokunamathisela amaphrofayili);
- i-screwdriver (yokulungisa amabhodi we-gypsum ngokwawo);
- izinga;
- isikele sensimbi (yokusika amaphrofayili);
- ummese wokwakha (wokusika amashidi e-drywall);
- i-roulette;
- ukumiswa kwephrofayili equkethe;
- umucu wenayiloni (ukuze kube lula ukumaka indiza eqonde phezulu lapho amaphrofayli ezoqondaniswa khona);
- i-angle yokwakha noma irula (yokudweba indawo yokusika kumashidi ebhodi le-gypsum; kepha, lo msebenzi ungawenza usebenzisa amaphrofayli atholakalayo);
- amadowels (wokulungisa ifreyimu);
- Izikulufu zokuzishaya zewallwall (izibopho ezikhethekile zamashidi).
Ngokwengeziwe, kufanele ulungiselele okokuvikela (imaski, izibuko). Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusika i-plasterboard kungumsebenzi othuli.
Ukwakhiwa kozimele
Uhlaka oluhlanganiswe kahle luyisiqinisekiso sokwethembeka kwalo lonke udonga lwe-plasterboard. Kungakho ukuhlelwa kwesisekelo ngaphansi kwamashidi kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungahlanganisa ifreyimu efanele usebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Ukumaka phansi nasophahleni lwendawo yamaphrofayli womhlahlandlela. Kunconywa ukuthi ubasondeze ngangokunokwenzeka odongeni olushubile (ngokuya ngamaphutha nokuvunyelwa kwalo) ukunciphisa indawo yegumbi elihlonyelwe.
- Ukufakwa kwemihlahlandlela kusetshenziswa amadowels.
- Ukwethulwa kwamaphrofayli wokusekela ophahleni noma kumhlahlandlela waphansi. Ibanga phakathi kwamaphrofayli amile mpo angaba ngu-40 cm (ekwakhiweni kohlaka oluqinisiwe) noma ama-60 cm (wokufaka ifreyimu ejwayelekile).
- Ukuqinisa odongeni lwe-hanger kude no-50-60 cm phakathi kweziseduze.
- Ikhiya intambo echaza indiza mpo lapho iphrofayili yesakhiwo izohanjiswa khona. Kungcono ukulungisa le ntambo emigqeni emi-3-5.
- Ukuvumelanisa amakholomu asekelayo nokuwaxhuma kuma-hanger.
Ukubeka ukuxhumana
Uma ukubhobhoza okujwayelekile (ngokwesibonelo, endlini yangasese) kumane kuthungwe nge-drywall, kuzodingeka umsebenzi owengeziwe wiring. Zonke izintambo zibekwa ku-corrugation. Lokhu kuzodala izintambo ezivikelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zamaphoyinti kagesi (switch, socket) zinqunyiwe. Izintambo ku-corrugation zondliwa kulezi zingxenye. Ku-drywall uqobo, ukuthola amaphuzu kagesi, udinga ukwenza izimbobo usebenzisa umbhobho okhethekile "womqhele". Ukuvimbela ukonakala ukulenga ngaphansi kwendonga eyomile, kuyadingeka ukuyilungisa ngezibopho. Izibopho zepulasitiki zivame ukufakwa kuma-hanger.
Kuyadingeka ukubeka izintambo ngendlela yokuthi ube "nesitoko" sezintambo, hhayi ukuyibeka ngokuqinile. Sincoma ngokwengeziwe ukudweba umdwebo wiring ukuze ngokuzayo, uma kunesidingo, uthole ukufinyelela okulula ezintanjeni, futhi ungahlukanisi udonga ngokuphelele.
Ukufakwa kwe-Plasterboard
Umsebenzi olula kakhulu lapho kuhlanganiswa udonga lwe-plasterboard noma ukwahlukanisa kungathathwa njengokufakwa okuqondile kwamashidi. Kepha ukuthola ukwakhiwa okunekhono, udinga ukwenza izibalo ezifanele futhi usike kahle ibhodi le-gypsum. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amalunga wamashidi kufanele adlule maphakathi nephrofayili ethwele. Uma kwenzeka ukubala kuvela ukuthi kudingeka umucu we-drywall ongaba ngu-10 cm noma ngaphansi, udinga ukubuyekeza uhlelo lokujoyina futhi wandise lesi siqephu okungenani ku-20 cm.
Umucu omncane onjalo ekuqaleni uzoba yindawo ebuthakathaka esakhiweni futhi amathuba okuchitheka kwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi azobe ephakeme kakhulu. Ngemuva kokulungisa amashidi, anamathiselwe kufreyimu. Uma kunesidingo, ngaphambi kokufaka ibhodi le-gypsum, kubalulekile ukubeka ukwahlukanisa umsindo phakathi kwezakhi ngazinye zohlaka (amapuleti akhethekile alungele lowo msebenzi). Ngenkathi yokufaka i-drywall, udinga ukukhumbula ngesidingo sokunquma amashidi ngokuvundlile (uma uphahla noma phansi kungalingani). Zama futhi ukucwilisa izikulufu ku-drywall ukuze zingaphumi, kepha zingakhi "izimbobo" ezijulile emashidini.
Ukuqedela okubi - ukuhlanganisa amalunga nezimbobo
Ukuqedwa kodonga lwe-plasterboard kwenziwa kanjena:
- I-putty isetshenziselwa ukugcoba izifutho zezikulufo nawo wonke amalunga phakathi kwamashidi e-drywall. Ngomsebenzi kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-spatula ejwayelekile futhi ungafaki ukubonakala kwezingqimba ezinamandla ze-putty.
- Ukuqinisa imichilo yamashisi kubekwe phezu kwamalunga wamashidi. Izolinganisa indawo futhi ikhuthaze ukunamathela okuhle kodonga ezingqimbeni ezilandelayo zokuqeda.
- Ukufakwa okugcwele kodonga kuyenziwa.
- Ngemuva kokuthi i-putty iqine, indawo iyafakwa esihlabathini ukuze ithole indawo eyisicaba.
- Isigaba sokugcina sesiphetho esibi sizoba ukuqala kodonga. I-primer izohlinzeka ngokunamathela okuhle kwesiphetho ku-substrate. Ukusetshenziswa nokusatshalaliswa kwe-primer kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-roller.
Ukuqondanisa izindonga ngokunamathisela i-plasterboard
Indlela engenasici yokunamathisela ibhodi ye-gypsum ibonakala ilula. Kepha ukuthola umphumela wekhwalithi, udinga ukwenza umsebenzi omningi. Ukunamathisela kwenziwa ngohlelo olulandelayo:
- Qeda ukususwa kokuqeda okudala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa izinto zokunamathisela ezazisetshenziswa ngaphambilini ngaphansi kwamathayili noma iphepha lodonga.
- Ukunciphisa ubuso ukuze kuqedwe ubukhona bezindawo lapho i-drywall engeke inamathele khona.
- Ukubonga odongeni ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela okuhle kokunamathela kwe-drywall odongeni oluhlanziwe.
- Ukunamathela okuqondile kwebhodi le-gypsum kufanele kwenziwe kucatshangelwa izici zodonga abazonamathiselwa kulo.
Uma kwenzeka umehluko odongeni olungadluli u-5 mm, i-gypsum putty isetshenziswa eceleni komugqa weshidi nge-trowel notched. Futhi, kusetshenziswa imichilo emide yokunamathisela engama-40 cm ukusuka emaphethelweni.
Uma umehluko usukela ku-5 mm kuye ku-2 cm, kufanele kusetshenziswe iglu eyomile ye-drywall. Isetshenziswa nge-spatula ejwayelekile ngendlela yezinqwaba ezincane ezungeze umjikelezo nangaphakathi komjikelezo ebangeni elingu-10-15 cm komunye nomunye.
Ngokwehluka kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 cm, amapheshana noma izikwele ze-plasterboard ziqale zinamathiselwe odongeni - amabhikhoni. Zinamathiselwe ku-gypsum plaster, kwakheka ifreyimu engeyona ejwayelekile. Kulokhu, amalunga wamashidi kufanele awele maphakathi nendlu yesibani. Kuphela ngemuva kokuthi i-putty isomile (lokhu kungathatha izinsuku ezingama-2-3) amashidi anamathiselwe. Isinamathelisi ngaphambili besifakwa emabhalini.
Ukufaka okwahlukaniswa okulula
Izingxenye zePlasterboard zibekwe ohlakeni. Kungaba "okukodwa" (okuqukethe imihlahlandlela emibili kuphela) noma i- "volumetric" (faka iziqondiso ezihambisanayo ophahleni naphansi). Uhlobo lwesibili luyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, kepha likuvumela ukuthi uthole ukwahlukanisa okuthembekile futhi okuqinile. Ukufakwa kwesihlukanisi ngohlaka olulodwa kwenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:
- Imaka indawo yeziqondisi phansi nasophahleni ngaphansi kwezinga.
- Ukufakwa kwemihlahlandlela enamadowels. Ukufakwa kokuthunyelwe okumi mpo, okuzoba ngunxanxathela ohlangothini wokwahlukanisa okuqediwe.
- Ukufakwa kwamaphrofayili asekelayo kude no-40 cm komunye nomunye. Ukulungiswa kwabo kumhlahlandlela.
- Ukufakwa kwamaphrofayli avundlile (phambilini, ezindaweni lapho amaphrofayli avundlile “embozwe” ngalawo amile, lezi zingxenye ziyasikwa). Ukulungiswa kwamaphrofayli avundlile.
- Ukusonga ifreyimu ehlanganisiwe nge-plasterboard nokuqedwa okuluhlaza okwalandela kwesakhiwo esiphelile.
Izindlela zokuqeda izindonga kusuka ebhodini le-gypsum
Isiphetho sokuqala esihle se-plasterboard sizosiza ukunika igumbi ukubukeka kwesitayela. Izinketho ezamukelekayo zokufakwa odongeni kusuka ebhodini le-gypsum zifaka:
- Umdwebo: Umbala ungasebenzisa izakhi ezijwayelekile noma upende ngomphumela we-craquelure, izingcezu zendwangu, i-glitter;
- wallpapering: indlela engabizi futhi elula yokuqeda;
- ukumbozwa kosimende wokuhlobisa: ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kuzosiza ukuguqula igumbi ngokushesha;
- ukunamathisela ngamathayili: isisombululo esihle kakhulu sokugezela, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izindonga ze-gypsum plasterboard azikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubeka amathayili ngezansi bese uhlangana nezinye izinhlobo zokuqeda;
- ukuqeda nge-plastic clapboard: kulula futhi kulula ukufaka i-clapboard, futhi, kuzosiza ukuvikela ngokuthembekile i-drywall uqobo emswakeni nasekulimaleni kwemishini;
- ulwelwesi lwamapulangwe noma ibhodi: inketho engafanelekile ngenxa yesisindo esibalulekile sezinto zokwakha, noma kunjalo, izinto ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa ukwenza isitayela (ukwahlukanisa noma ukuhlobisa) izindonga.
Izibonelo zemiklamo yodonga lwe-plasterboard
Kunezinketho eziningi zokuthayela igumbi ngokwakha udonga lwe-plasterboard. Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokwenza isitayela ukufakwa kwe-niche. Ingatholwa ngasekhanda lombhede ekamelweni lokulala noma kungaba yibhodi le-plasterboard elinezitezi eziningi. Ukuhlela isakhiwo esinjalo, uzodinga ukwakha amazinga asizayo. Ngokwengeziwe, kunconywa ukuhlomisa i-niche ngayinye ngokukhanyisa. Idizayini enenhlangano yesigaba sesibili se-arched se-drywall engxenyeni engenhla yodonga ibukeka ingajwayelekile. Isikhala ngaphakathi kwe-niche singapendwa noma sinamathiselwe ngephepha lodonga lesithombe. Indlela elula yokwakha idizayini engajwayelekile ingabhekwa njengokwabiwa kwamakhona ngamanye odongeni olunjalo kusetshenziswa itshe lokufakelwa. Ku-drywall uqobo, ngaphezulu komdwebo, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa noma iphepha lodonga, ungalungisa i-gypsum encane noma ukuhlobisa amagwebu. Amafreyimu ahlanganiswe ekubunjweni kwe-foam abukeka emangalisa. Ngaphakathi kwazo, unganamathisela iphepha lodonga leminye imibala noma ngamanye amaphethini, upende izindonga.
Amathiphu wokusebenza nge-drywall
Amathiphu nezimfihlo ezilandelayo zamakhosi kuzokusiza ukuthi ugweme amaphutha lapho usebenza ngodonga olomile futhi wakhe kalula udonga noma ukwahlukanisa kulokhu okuqukethe:
- Khulula isikhala esanele ukusika amashidi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukunikeza ukufinyelela okulula ohlangothini ngalunye lwendaba. Lokhu kuzokonga kakhulu isikhathi sokulungiselela ibhodi ye-gypsum.
- Ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokuqeda ukukala umehluko phakathi kwamashidi aseduze, ekuqaleni khetha izinto ezinomphetho oqondile (ukubizwa - i-PC).
- Ukuhlobisa udonga olukhulu (isibonelo, ehholo), qiniseka ukumema umsizi.Umuntu oyedwa umane nje ngeke akwazi ukwenza inani elikhulu lomsebenzi kahle futhi ngokushesha.
- Ukufaka amashidi odongeni ngomnyango noma iwindi, udinga ukuza nesakhiwo esikhethekile sebhodi le-gypsum. Amalunga kufanele okungenani abe ngu-20 cm kude namakhona okuvula.Uma amalunga namakhona esondele, amathuba okuqhekeka kokuqala emashidini azoba phezulu kakhulu.
- Okungajwayelekile ekugcineni, okungabonakala ekugcineni komsebenzi, kungafihlwa ngokuhlobisa odongeni (ukudweba noma ukunamathisela iphepha lodonga ngamaphethini). Futhi, ukufakwa okunjalo eduze kwesibani sephansi kuzokusiza, lapho ukungalingani noma isici kuzoba semthunzini wokhanyiso lapho kuvulwa.
Isiphetho
Sebenzisa i-drywall ukulungisa okulula kwegumbi kuyisixazululo esonga izindleko futhi esingabizi. Izinto ezingabizi kulula ukuzilungiselela nokuqondisa ukufakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamashidi zikuvumela ukuthi uthole izinketho ezinhle zokuhlela amakamelo okuhlala ajwayelekile, izindlu zangasese, namakamelo anezindawo zokubasa nezitofu. Kungenzeka ukufaka ibhodi le-gypsum ngohlaka noma ngaphandle kwalo. Kepha kufanele ucabangele ubuhlakani bokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Kumakamelo lapho izindonga zinokungahambi kahle okuphawulekayo noma lapho kudingeka khona ukubeka ukuxhumana, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokuqala. Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka okuncane odongeni futhi udinga ukukhipha amaphoyinti kagesi ambalwa kuphela, okungcono kakhulu kungaba ukumane unamathisele ibhodi le-gypsum odongeni. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda izeluleko zamakhosi ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi. Izincomo nezimfihlo zabachwepheshe kuzosiza ukugwema amaphutha ahlukahlukene futhi uthole udonga oluthembekile ngempela futhi oluhle noma ukwahlukanisa okuvela ebhodini le-gypsum.
