Ama-conifers amahle futhi ahlukahlukene ekwakhiweni kwezwe lekotishi lasehlobo asetshenziswa kaningi. Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa kakhulu, lezi zitshalo zinenzuzo enkulu kunezinye izitshalo. Zihlala zikhanga unyaka wonke. Isihlahla esizilungise kahle futhi esigundiwe kahle sizoba ukuziqhenya nokuhlobisa ikotishi lasehlobo amashumi eminyaka. Inkambu yokusetshenziswa kwama-conifers ibanzi kakhulu. AmaHedges, imibhede yezimbali, izingadi zamadwala - lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezingoma lapho kusetshenziswa khona lezi zitshalo. Ngisho nasezifundeni eziseningizimu ezinotshani obuluhlaza, ama-conifers ahlala njalo edingeka. Izitshalo eziqhakazayo ezingaphandle nezihlahla ezinamakhaza zibukeka zihle ngokwengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nohlaza oluphambili lukaphayini, imifula kanye nemijunipha.
Izinhlobo zama-conifers
Njengoba sekushiwo, ama-conifers mahle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Futhi, uma kushisa ehlobo kufihliwe ngandlela thile, kuvumela ubukhulu emasikweni eziqhakaza, bese kuthi ekwindla futhi ikakhulukazi ebusika babe umhlobiso oyinhloko wekotishi lasehlobo. NgoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba, basusa amahlamvu abomvu ngokubomvu ngegolide, futhi emakhazeni asebusika baba yindlela egqamile ekhazimulayo eluhlaza ngokuqhathanisa nobumhlophe obuyisidina. Cabanga ukuthi iziphi izitshalo ezikulungele kakhulu ukuhlobisa ikotishi lasehlobo.
Yebo
I-Yew ihlala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubude bayo emvelweni bufinyelela ku-5-20 m. Amagxolo anombala obomvu, umqhele uwugqinsi, uzungezile ngokuma. Izinaliti ziminyene, ziluhlaza okotshani. Izinaliti zingama-1-3 cm.I-Yew conifers yehlukile kwamanye ama-conifers ngokungabi khona kweziteshi ze-resin emaqabungeni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kulabo abangalithandi iphunga lezinaliti zikaphayini. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela ukuthena kahle, sigcina ukuma kwaso isikhathi eside. Isetshenziselwa izingoma ze-topiary kanye nezingadi zamadwala. Kuhambisana kahle nezitshalo ezinjalo:
- Umpompo;
- IThuja entshonalanga;
- UQuince.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-yew zinobuthi, ngakho-ke kufanele unakekelwe. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi emindenini lapho izingane zikhulela khona.
ICypress
Njengamanje, inhlobonhlobo efunwa kakhulu futhi ethandwayo ye-cypress yizinhlobonhlobo zayo ezihlala ziluhlaza. Kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise lesi sitshalo ekutshaleni okukodwa. Umqhele wepiramidi walesi sihlahla uyancomeka. Izihlahla zeCypress zibekezelela ukuthena kahle, isikhathi eside umqhele ugcina ukubukeka kwawo okwakhiwe. Ngokuthena kungenzeka ukuthi ulawule ukukhula kwesihlahla. Izinhlobo ezinokumelana okubandayo okuphansi zivezwa ezimbizeni isikhathi esifudumele. Izinhlobo ezincane ezingenasisekelo zisetshenziselwa ama-hedges. Iphunga le-coniferous lisabisa omiyane nezimpukane, ngakho-ke ukuphumula ezweni kuzophenduka injabulo enkulu.
Iphayini
I-Pine isihlahla esinemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Akesabi ukoma noma amakhaza asebusika. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi sitshalo. Ikakhulukazi yokusetshenziswa kuziza zensimu, izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ziyaziswa, zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwesiko kuma-rockeries nasezivandeni zamadwala. Iphayini lentaba lithandwa kakhulu, elinezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Usayizi omncane.
- Umbono omuhle. Ngisho nangaphandle kwesiqu, isihlahla sibukeka sithandeka.
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa.
- Ukugcinwa okuphansi nekhwalithi yenhlabathi.
- Iphunga elimnandi likaphayini elinomphumela wokuphulukisa.
- Umqhele ominyene ngokwanele okuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise uphayini nezitshalo ezithanda umthunzi.
- Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Mude
Ama-conifers amade alungele izindawo ezinobukhulu obuhlukile. Izici ezikhethekile zokwakheka ukuthi badlala indima yokubusa, futhi izitshalo eziphansi zitshalwe ezungeze i-ephedra. Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zikhathazekile ngokuthi izihlahla ezinjalo zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuthena nokuthenwa kuzonciphisa ukukhula. Kuyadingeka ukwakha umqhele minyaka yonke, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizobukeka singenabungozi. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:
- Imisedari. Phakathi neminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu yokuqala yokuphila, amazinga okukhula ahamba kancane kakhulu. Okucacile kwalokhu kuhlukahluka kwama-conifers ukuthi umsedari unezigaxa ezikhetheke kakhulu. Ethandwa kakhulu yimisedari yaseSiberia, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo nazo ziyasetshenziswa ezingadini: iYurophu, isiKorea. Kuyinhlobo ethanda ilanga. Kubalulekile ukukhetha isayithi: evulekile futhi ekhanyiswe kahle;
- Ijunipha, i-fir, i-thuja. Lobu buhle bubukeka buhle emnyango noma nge "hedges";
- Isihlahla soboya, isihlahla sikaphayini.
Okulingene nendawo
Akubona bonke abahlali basehlobo ababa nesibindi sokutshala umuthi omude "kumahektare ayisithupha" wendabuko. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ukhethe isiko eliphakathi nendawo. Lezi zitshalo zitshalwe ngesimo se-hedges, emnyango noma njengengxenye yokwakhiwa. Izibonelo zama-conifers amaphakathi naphakathi:
- Igolide yew. Izinaliti zalesi sitshalo azijwayelekile: ezihlahleni ezincane ziyigolide, kubantu abadala - ziluhlaza nge-tinge ephuzi. U-Yew ubekezelela ukufiphaza kahle;
- Berry yew. Ngenxa yamajikijolo abomvu klebhu, kubukeka njengokuhlobisa kakhulu;
- Panderosa. Isitshalo esinomqhele opholile nezinaliti ezinde. Lokhu kubizwa nge- "yellow pine", eyaqala yakhula kuphela ezindaweni ezifudumele. Kodwa-ke, ngemizamo yabalimi, ipanderoza iguqulwe ngempumelelo yasebusika obunzima, ngaphandle kokudinga nendawo yokuhlala;
- UNawaki. Lolu uhlobo lwe-bonsai. Izwe lakulesi sitshalo yiJapan. Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo yi-plasticity. Lapho usika, umqhele ungathatha amafomu ahlukene;
- "Nana". Lesi yisihlahla sikaphayini esintofontofo esinomqhele oluhlaza okotshani, muhle njengoba singekho isizotha ukusinakekela.
Ubunzima
Uma isiza sincane, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise izitshalo ezikhula kancane kuso:
- Isi-Spruce "Konika". Lesi sihlahla esincane sikaKhisimusi sikhula kancane, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukutshala ngisho nasendaweni encane kunazo zonke. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokubi: ukubekezelela kabi amazinga okushisa ebusika. Ukuvikela ukubanda, kunezindlela ezimbili ongakhetha kuzo: khulisa isitshalo ebhodweni noma usimboze ngokuphepha ebusika;
- Uphayini wentaba. Lolu hlobo lwama-conifers luthanda umthunzi oyingxenye, ukunakekelwa okungathobeki. Ubekezelela ukugunda izinwele kahle, kodwa futhi ubukeka emuhle ngendlela ejwayelekile. Uma amagatsha ambalwa wamathambo esuswa kupayini wentaba, amanye azokhuphuka, akhe "ikepisi" likanokusho. Ngokwesitayela, isihlahla sizofana nebhonsai laseJapan;
- "Negishi". Leli yiphayini eliphansi elihle ngokungajwayelekile, elihlukaniswa yizigaxa ze-lilac. Uma ukude, umuthi ubonakala umbozwe izimbali eziningi;
- Iphayini laseBalkan. Endle, lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ubude bamamitha amathathu. Ungakha umuthi okhula kancane wokumiswa okuyinqaba ngokuncinza;
- UVelda. Isitshalo esinwabuzelayo esinamahlumela avundlile. Lolu hlobo lukhula ngokushesha futhi, uma lungagundiwe, lungena lubanga lwamamitha amathathu;
- Impungushe. I-Pine (pinus flexilis) enomqhele ominyene kakhulu, ojabulisa iso. Izinaliti ziminyene, zihlelwe ngamaqoqo.
Indima yama-conifers ekwakhiweni kwezwe
Ukuthandwa kwama-conifers ekwakhiweni kwezwe kungenxa yezinzuzo eziningi:
- Ukubekezelelana okuhle kwelanga;
- Izinhlobo eziningi zama-conifers zakhiwe kahle futhi azidingi ukusikwa njalo;
- Isistimu yezimpande enamandla evumela ukuthi ukwenze ngaphandle kokuchelela isikhathi eside;
- Iphunga elimnandi;
- Ukungaguquguquki, ikhono lokulusebenzela lodwa futhi njengengxenye yokwakhiwa.
Lapho ukhetha isitshalo, kufanele ucabangele:
- Ukubekwa okuhlelwe kusayithi;
- Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi;
- Izici zesimo sezulu esifundeni;
- Uhlobo lokufika: lodwa noma luyinhlanganisela.
Ungaziqamba kanjani izingoma
Akukho ukuvumelana ngalolu daba. Abanye abaklami bangabasekeli bezindawo zemvelo ezifana nezemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Abanye bayayijabulela inqubo yokudala ngokuzama ukwakheka komqhele. Wonke umuntu ulungile ngendlela yakhe. Abamele bazo zombili izinkomba banezixazululo ezithakazelisayo. Ake sizame ukuthola inketho yokuyekethisa.
Okufanelekile, i-ephedra ibukeka sengathi ikhule ezilwaneni zasendle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele inqunywe futhi ilungiswe kahle. Ukuzibamba kanye nomuzwa wokulingana kuyizinto ezingenakulinganiswa zokunambitheka okuhle. Kepha akufanele uqaphele kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungonakalise isiqeshana somhlaba ngesitshalo esiphilayo.
Azikho izinduku nemithetho eqinile ekwakhiweni kwekotishi lasehlobo. Isibonelo, ama-conifers amabili wokuma mahhala anganikeza umbono wokungahlaliseki. Kodwa-ke, zona lezi zihlahla ezimbili zikaKhisimusi, ezitshalwe esangweni, zizoba ngaphezu kokufanelekile. Ngokwemvelo, inqobo nje uma benakekelwa kahle. Lapho utshala izitshalo, umuntu akumele akhohlwe ukuthi ohlangothini olusenyakatho isitshalo sibukeka sibi kakhulu kunaseningizimu, ngoba izinaliti zifushane futhi zincane. Hhayi ukunambitheka okuhle nobuchwepheshe bomklami kuphela, kepha futhi nesineke somnini siyadingeka ukuze umphumela ungadumazi. Izinhlobo eziningi zemifino zikhula kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu basondela embuzweni kalula. Ngaphandle kokuzibophezela okungadingekile, batshala isitshalo abasithandayo futhi basinakekele ngenjabulo, bathola ukukhokhiswa kwemizwa emihle nenhle kakhulu.
Ongakhetha ukusetshenziswa ephedra in the landscape
AmaConifers angahlanganiswa kahle nezinye izitshalo, kufaka phakathi izihlahla nezihlahla ezinamakhasi. Cabanga ngemithetho yokwenziwa kokuqanjwa okuhlukahlukene.
Rockery
Igama elithi "rockery" lisho "ingadi enamadwala". Ngosizo lwama-rockeries enziwe ngabantu kusayithi, kungenzeka ukuthi kuphile imibono yokuqamba enesibindi futhi ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngendlela efanele, kuzoba ukugqama kwangempela kwesayithi lakho, kugcizelela ukunambitheka okucwengileko kwabaninikhaya nokuqonda kwabo ngobuhle. Kunezitayela ezi-3 zama-rockeries: isiNgisi, isiJapane kanye neYurophu. Uma izinguqulo zaseYurophu nezesiNgisi zibonakala ngokugcizelelwa kwezitshalo, isitayela saseJapan siyinsimu yedwala lapho ama-conifers namanye amasiko adlala khona indima esekelayo.
Kanye nama-conifers, izitshalo eziqhakaza ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziswa kuma-rockeries. Okwentwasahlobo yokuqala, lawa ama-crocus ane-snowdrops. Bathathelwa indawo yizinhlobo ezikhula kancane zama-tulips nama-primroses. Ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele, izithombo zonyaka zingena ngokwazo: izidladla zekati, ama-phlox, ukukhanya kwelanga. Ama-Saxifrags anezembozo zomhlabathi azizwa njengamakhosi wangempela embusweni wamatshe wedwala. I-Rockery enamasiko e-coniferous ayigcini ngokuhle ngendlela emangalisayo, kodwa futhi iyasiza. Izihlahla zigcwalisa umoya ngokuphulukisa iphunga le-coniferous.
Isilayidi se-Alpine
I-Ephedra inika i-alpine slide ukubukeka kwemvelo. Lapho zonke izitshalo sezikhethiwe futhi zatshalwa, umphumela uba yindawo enhle kakhulu yezintaba ehlala ikhanga ngendlela yayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. AmaConifers anemibala ehlukene kanye nomumo womqhele asiza ukudala izingoma ezinhle kusayithi. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwezakhi zensimu yedwala kungu-1.5 m. Uma isiza sincane futhi isilayidi sincane, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhethe izitshalo ezifika ku-0.8 m.Kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa ama-conifers angaphezu kweyodwa nohhafu uma isakhiwo sonke sinendawo enkulu kuno-50 m2. Ububanzi bezitshalo bumi kanje:
- Uphayini (Igolide lasebusika, iPumilio, iPug);
- I-Western thuja (iHoseri, iDanica, i-Elvanger yegolide);
- Isihlahla se-spruce saseNorway (Nidiformis, Ehiniformis, Vils Zverg);
- Isihlahla sonwele saseCanada (iKonica, Alberta);
- Ijunipha (Ikhaphethi Eluhlaza Okotshani, Ukhaphethi Ohlaza);
- I-Fir (i-Oberon, iDayimane).
Ungahlela ama-conifers wensimu yedwala ngokuzama ukumiswa komqhele nangomthunzi wezinaliti. Izinhlobo ezinwabuzelayo zibekwa ngaphambili kokwakhiwa. Izihlahla ezinde zilawula i-alpine slide. Ekushintsheni phakathi kwemitha elilodwa nengxenye nezitshalo zemifino, ama-conifers afinyelela ku-0.8 m atshalwe. Izitshalo ezilandelayo zihamba kahle nazo:
- Edelweiss;
- Isibindi;
- I-Yarrow;
- I-Sagebrush;
- UHeather;
- I-Geheira (isebenza njengombala ogqamile onsomi ekubunjweni);
- Eminyakeni yonyaka, i-lobelia, i-diastia iyasetshenziswa.
Vele, ukudala ingadi yedwala ngokwakho akulula, kepha kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyajabulisa. Kuyafaneleka ukwenza umzamo kanye, futhi ikona le-alpine landscape elivela e-Alps, Carpathians, Alatau noma e-Altai lizokujabulisa isikhathi eside.
Uthango
AmaConifers asetshenziswa kaningi kuthango. Ukuqanjwa kuvela ngobuhle obumangalisayo, okunzima ukukuchaza. Imvamisa, kungudonga lwe-monolithic olungenakunqotshwa. Ukuthola ukwakheka okunjalo, amasiko atshalwa kuphethini lokuhlola, ngenombolo yemigqa esuka ku-2 kuye ku-3. Ngokwemvelo, umphumela osheshayo awulindelekile. Kuzofanele ulinde isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthi ubone umphumela. Odongeni oluqinile, kusetshenziswa izitshalo ezinomthunzi ofanayo wezinaliti. Ukusetshenziswa kokushintshashintsha kwesiliva, amafomu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akuvumela ukuba uthole ukwakheka kwama-aesthetics amangalisayo. Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ezithile, izinketho ezilandelayo zingenzeka lapha:
- Uthango oluphakeme: uphayini, umsayipuresi, isi-spruce;
- Ukuphakama okumaphakathi: umjunipha, umsipresi, araucaria, thuja, yew;
- Ezingxenyeni ezikhula kancane, kufanelekile i-thuja encane, izihlahla zikaphayini (uhlobo lwentaba), amajunipha, izihlahla zomsipres.
I-Mixborder
Umxube we-ephedra ubukeka umuhle uma ubhekene nokwasemuva kwendlu, uthango noma uthango. Ukubhala ukwakheka, kusetshenziswa amasiko anhlobonhlobo, wanoma yikuphi ukucushwa nosayizi. Kodwa-ke, kunemithetho ecacile yokuqamba ukwakheka:
- Izitshalo ezinde kakhulu zibekwa ngemuva noma onqenqemeni. Lapho usondela enyaweni yokwakheka, ukuphakama kwezitshalo kuyehla kancane;
- Ukulinganisa kwejometri kokufika kungakhethwa. Ukuphela kwento okufanele ibonwe ukuguquka kusuka ekuphakameni okuphezulu kuye kokuphansi. Imiqhele yezihlahla ezinde ezifakiwe ekwakhiweni akufanele zenze umugqa owodwa oqondile;
- Okudingekayo ukuhambisana nokuvumelana kwemvelo. Ezitshalweni ezinde, indawo yokutshala kufanele ibe nkulu kunezitshalo ezingaphansi;
- Ukuba khona kwezitshalo eziphindaphindayo kuzosetha isigqi sokwakheka, kuzobukeka kungokwemvelo futhi kuthakazelise.
Ukwakheka kweConiferous ngesitayela sehlathi
Lokhu ukukhiqizwa okwangempela kocezu lwezilwane zasendle. Okokuqala, ama-lilac, uphayini wezintaba kanye ne-spruce ende yaseCanada kutshalwa kusiqondiso "kusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla". Izindawo eziphakathi kwezitshalo zitshalwe ngezihlahla ze-barberry ne-juniper. Umphumela uba "ekhoneni lasendle" elihle elibukeka njengemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Idizayini esuselwa ekwakhiweni kombala
Ngokwemvelo, umbala ogqamile we-ephedra uluhlaza okotshani, kepha unemibala ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kufanele kubhekelwe lapho kuqanjwa ukwakheka okuvela ezitshalweni. Ngaphezu kwama-conifers, ezinye izitshalo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene zingabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka okujabulisayo kwemibala akunakwenzeka ukuthi kufaneleke ekwakhiweni ngama-conifers. Leli akulona ikona lemvelo eshisayo. Izincomo ezivela kochwepheshe zizokusiza ukuthi ugweme ukwehluka ngokweqile:
- Uma ukwakheka kuqukethe izinto ezi-3, inani lemibala ebandakanyekayo lingu-2 kuphela;
- Inombolo enkulu yemibala yokwakheka kwezinto ezi-5 ingu-3;
- Lapho ubhala ukwakheka kwezinto ezingama-25, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zayo ngamaqembu ahlukene amayunithi ama-3. Ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo zeqembu ngalinye kufanele zihlanganiswe ngokuya ngesici esisodwa se-tint
Ukulandela lezi zeluleko kuphela lapho uzokwazi khona ukudala izingoma ezicabangayo, ezivumelanayo ngaphandle kokwephula ubuqotho besithombe. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-conifers ekwakhiweni kwezwe kudinga isipiliyoni, amakhono nolwazi. Akwanele ukukhetha izitshalo ezinempilo nezinhle, uzitshale futhi uzinakekele. Ukuze isiza senze umbono ohambisanayo, udinga ukuhlunga izitshalo ngombala, ubude nokuhambisana. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokufana okuphelele kwemithunzi, amasiko ayacindezelana.
Yibaphi omakhelwane okufanele bakhethele ama-conifers
Kuhle ukukhetha izitshalo ezihambisana kahle nama-conifers ngokubhekisisa izilwane zasendle. Okokuqala, izitshalo zokusanhlamvu zihlangana ngempumelelo nama-gymnosperms.Ngendlela, lapha ungaphula inkolelo-mbono ngokutshala i-spruce encane noma i-pine eduze nesikhathi eside. I-sandy spikelet, i-miscanthus noma i-anaphalis ihlala ngokuphelele nomphayini wentaba. Futhi eduze kwezithombo ezincane ezincane, i-fescue ibukeka ngokuvumelana. Umakhelwane ofanele wama-conifers ngu-heather. Lezi zitshalo zikhetha uhlobo olufanayo lomhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, emvelweni, amaphayini nezihlahla zivame ukutholakala eduze. Uma sikhuluma ngengadi yezimbali exubile, ungakhetha ingadi efanele yasehlobo. Isibonelo, i-lavater esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo ne-squat mountain pine yakha ukwakheka okuhle. Isihlahla esifushane sikaKhisimusi iGlauca Globosa sibukeka sisihle sizungezwe yi-cineraria, i-hydrangea noma i-begonia.
Manje cabanga ngezibonelo ezithile zokuhambisana kwama-conifers athandwa kakhulu: i-fir, i-spruce, i-larch nephayini:
- Iphayini. Izwana kahle eduze kwe-linden, i-oki, umsedari, umlotha wezintaba, imephu ye-Tatar noma i-larch. Indawo engalungile - i-aspen noma i-birch;
- Umsinga. Inketho efiseleka kakhulu ukutshala i- "solo", ngoba lesi sihlahla sivimbela ukukhula kanye nokukhula kwezinye izitshalo;
- Isi-Spruce. Ihlangana kahle ne-hazel, umlotha wezintaba noma ama-raspberry. Ihambisana kahle ne-rose, i-viburnum, i-rose yasendle, i-barberry, i-lilac, i-chestnut yamahhashi, i-acacia emhlophe ne-thuja;
- I-Larch - "enomona", engakubekezeleli ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlobo zama-conifers kuyo yonke indawo.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ama-conifers anomthelela omubi kwezinye izitshalo. Isibonelo, izimbali zama-rose zibukeka zizinhle ngokumelene nesizinda sezinaliti eziluhlaza okotshani. Kodwa indawo enjalo ayithandeki kahle ngenxa yama-rose bushes, ngoba izinaliti zenza i-oxidize inhlabathi.
