Inhloso enkulu yegalaji ukuvikela imoto ethonyeni lezici zangaphandle ezimbi, kanye nokugcina zonke izinhlobo zamathuluzi. Isakhiwo kufanele sethembeke, siphephe futhi sisebenziseke. Izimoto eziningana nezithuthuthu zingatholakala ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa lwamagumbi avulekile afakiwe. Ukuhlelwa okucatshangwe kahle, indawo efanele yomgodi wokuhlola, amashalofu azokuvumela ukuthi unikeze izimoto ngokugcwele futhi ngokunethezeka. Umthandi wemoto ngamunye uzokwazi ukudala indawo yakhe ngokuya ngesabelomali sabo kanye nezidingo zabo.
Izici zokuhlelwa nezidingo eziyisisekelo
Ukuhleleka okulungile kwesikhala kuzokwenza lula ukusebenza kwegalaji, kwandise impilo yenkonzo yemoto, futhi kunciphise namathuba okuthungela. Ukuklanywa komhlaba kufanele kwenziwe kucatshangelwa imvamisa yokungcola okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, imininingwane yokukhanyisa, ubukhona bemishini eyengeziwe nobukhulu bayo.
Lapho uhlela igaraji, kufanele kulandelwe imithetho ethile. Isakhiwo kufanele sibe namasango amahle asivikela ngokuthembekile ekungeneni kwabantu ongabazi.
Isici esibalulekile yi-microclimate. Igumbi kufanele ligcine izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama omaphakathi.
Mayelana nokuphepha komlilo
Imililo eminingi egalaji idalwa ukungalandelwa kwemithetho yokuphepha. Indawo yesibili ithathwa izinhlekelele zemvelo, izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukushisa okuzenzakalelayo kotshani obomile ngesikhathi sesomiso. Ukunciphisa ingozi yomlilo, kufanele uthathe umthwalo ngokuhleleka kwawo. Inketho enhle kakhulu kungaba ifreyimu yezitini enezingxenye zokhonkolo eziqinisiwe. Futhi ekwakheni izindonga, ungasebenzisa ibhodi likathayela wensimbi. Amasango kufanele abe yinsimbi kuphela.
Izakhiwo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle kufanele ziphathwe ngemixube ekhethekile engacimi. Upende namavanishi kufanele kube nezinga eliphakeme lokumelana nomlilo, kwakheke umcamelo ovikelayo lapho ushisiwe. Izinto zokuvala umoya, ukuvimbela amanzi, amajazi aphezulu kumele ziphathwe ngezicisha mlilo. Yonke i-wiring kufanele ifakwe ngokucophelela. Imithombo yokushisa kufanele ibe nokuvikelwa okushisayo, izisekeli ezenziwe ngamapuleti angashisi.
Ukufudumala
Kunezindlela eziningana zokufaka igaraji. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje benza kube lula ukukwenza ngokwakho. Ukufakwa kwangaphakathi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa yonke indawo. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukubala iphuzu lamazolo ukuze ukhiphe ukumanziswa kwezindonga, ukuvela kwesikhunta. Ukukhethwa kwento kufanele kusekelwe ezimweni zezulu esifundeni. Okudume kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo:
- Uboya bamaminerali. Ukufakwa okufakelwayo okunesakhiwo esinemicu kuqukethe i-slag, ingilazi, amatshe. Iphethe izici eziphezulu zokushisa ezishisayo. Ubuncane - ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphezulu;
- I-Styrofoam. Impahla esebenzayo, eshibhile yodonga nokuhlobisa phansi. Isisindo sepulasitiki yeselula siqukethe ama-granules ashiselwe nge-hermetically. Amabhulokhi angasindi awamunce amanzi, awasindi isakhiwo. I-Polyfoam ayinakusetshenziswa endaweni enolaka;
- I-Penoizol. Ifana nogwebu, kepha ifomu eliketshezi. Ukwehliswa okugcwala umhwamuko, okuyi-hygroscopic kuyakwazi ukumunca umswakama futhi ukuhwamuke ngokushesha;
- Ubumba olunwetshiwe. Izinto eziqinile, ezingamelana namakhemikhali. Isetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa phansi kuphela, kubekwe phakathi kwenhlabathi kanye ne-screed kakhonkolo.
Umsebenzi wokuvikela igalaji uzomoshwa uma isango lihlala limi kahle - umthombo wokuqala wokulahleka kokushisa. Esikhathini esiningi zishiswa ngogwebu.
Ukuphefumula
Isikhala segaraji ngokuvamile sincane futhi umswakama wakha ngokushesha. Uma amavolumu omoya engashintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile, imoto izogqwala ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa noma ekuqaleni kokuyisebenzisa. Futhi, ingozi emzimbeni womuntu egumbini elingenawo umoya idalwa ukufaka uphethiloli, izinto ezinobuthi.
Ezakhiweni zegaraji, izinhlobo ezintathu zokungenisa umoya zisetshenziswa: ezemvelo, ezomshini, ezihlanganisiwe. Indlela ngayinye yokungenisa umoya ilungele uhlobo oluhlukile lwesakhiwo. Ukuphefumula kwemvelo kuyindlela elula kunazo zonke, ukufakwa akudingi izindleko. Ukuhamba kwenqwaba yomoya kwenzeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi yangaphakathi nangaphandle kwegaraji ngenxa yomehluko wayo. Ukuze kusebenze inqubo yokuphefumula yemvelo, kuyadingeka ukubala ngokunembile indawo yamapayipi wokukhipha nokunikezela.
Ukuhlanza umoya egalaji elikhulu, elinezitezi ezimbili ngokungenisa umoya okulula akusizi. Kungcono ukuhlomisa igumbi elinjalo ngohlelo lokuphoqelela lokuphoqa. Endaweni enkulu, kuphela kunganikeza ukuhanjiswa okwanele. Amamodeli anezelwa ngabalandeli, izihlungi, i-heater kagesi.
Ukungenisa umoya okuhlanganisiwe kufanelekile egalaji elinesela elingaphansi komhlaba. Esitokisini esingaphansi komhlaba, umoya uhlanzwa ngendlela engokwemvelo, futhi uyasuswa esakhiweni uqobo kusetshenziswa izigqoko zokuqamba ngenkani. Ipayipi lomoya lihlanganiswe nefeni elilodwa noma eziningana ezilawulwa ngomshini.
Uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi
Isikhala segalaji singasetshenziselwa ukugcina izimoto kuphela. Iningi labathandi bezimoto lisungula izingxoxo zokuzithokozisa, ezokungcebeleka nezemidlalo kule ndawo. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlanzeke, somile futhi sinethezeke.
Ukwandisa amathuba nokwenza ngcono izimo zokusebenza, igalaji kufanele lihlonywe ngomsele. Ukudonsa amanzi kuyadingeka ekukhipheni imvula, kususwe amanzi ngemuva kokuhlanzwa, ukuwashwa kwemoto. Uhlelo lwe-drainage olusebenzayo luyimpoqo emagalaji anomgodi wokubuka nelahle.
Uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi esakhiweni segaraji lufana nefulethi elilodwa. Kuzodingeka ukuxhuma kahle amapayipi, kucatshangelwa umthamo wokudonswa ketshezi ethangini le-septic. Izinto ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu kuzoba ipulasitiki, engazwelanga amabala kawoyela namakhemikhali.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamaphrojekthi
Isigaba sokuqala sokwakha noma iyiphi indlu noma igalaji ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi. Ekuqaleni, kufanele uhlole izimo lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona izakhiwo, izidingo zakho namakhono akho. Izindleko zezezimali kufanele zihlelwe ngomkhawulo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele isikhala semoto yesibili, ibhayisikili, lamabhayisikili - isithuthuthu. Kufanele futhi unikeze indawo yokugcina amathuluzi wemishini, izindlela ezahlukahlukene nezinye izinto eziwusizo, ezingatholakali endlini. Ungaqamba iphrojekthi yakho ngokususelwa kuzikimu ezilandelayo ezilungiselelwe:
- Igalaji elilula. Isakhiwo sinophahla lwe-gable. Uhlaka lungenziwa ngamashidi wensimbi, izitini. Isisekelo ngamabhilidi kakhonkolo. Ungahlela igumbi ngefasitela, nge-drain, ngomnyango ophuthumayo;
- Ngebhulokhi eyengeziwe yokusetshenziswa. Kusho ukuba khona kwegumbi lensiza ngaphakathi. Igumbi lingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokusebenzela, njengendawo yokushintshela abasebenzi, yokugcina imishini (ibhentshi lomsebenzi, umshini wokubaza);
- Isandiso segaraji. Isakhiwo sinodonga olufanayo nesakhiwo esikhulu. Umshayeli angangena ngaphakathi kokubili emgwaqweni nasekhaya. Awekho amawindi ahlinzekwayo. Uphahla lwenziwe nganoma yiluphi uhlobo (oluboshelwe, i-gable);
- Okwezimoto ezimbili. Igumbi elibanzi lingaqina noma lihlukaniswe izingxenye. Izimoto zihlukaniswa ngesahlukanisi. Isakhiwo esikahle sikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ngokwehlukile noma iziphi izimoto, amabhayisikili, ama-ATV;
- Ngophahla olugxotshiwe. Okomnotho, idizayini emfushane, kulula ukuyifaka. Ihlukile esakhiweni esijwayelekile emthambekeni wophahla kuphela.
Ukukhanyisa igalaji kagesi
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwesikhala segalaji kuhlanganisa ukukhanyisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Lokhu kungaba ukukhanya okuncane noma amalambu amakhulu. Indawo yezindawo zokukhanyisa namandla azo incike ebangeni lokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo, kanye nohlobo lomsebenzi owenziwe kuso. Ukufakwa kwamagesi kwamakamelo okusiza uhla lwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Uhlelo lokufaka luqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukufakwa kwekhebula lamandla ngaphakathi kwegaraji;
- Ukufaka i-switchboard;
- Ukukhetha indawo, ukubeka amasokhethi, amaswishi, amadivayisi wokukhanyisa;
- Isisekelo.
Amadivayisi wanoma yiluphi uhlobo angasetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa kagesi. Izibani ezilula ze-incandescent, ukonga amandla, i-halogen, amalambu we-fluorescent afanelekile. Noma iyiphi imodeli kufanele ifakwe ngaphansi kwemithetho ethile. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kufanele kumboze yonke indawo ngokulinganayo. Kungcono ukuphatha ngendlela enesimo, ukudala ukwahlukaniswa kwezindawo. Isibani esincane somklamo ofanele singabekwa etafuleni, ama-LED angabekwa ophahleni.
Izinto zokuqeda kanye nezici zazo
Ukukhethwa kokugqokiswa kwezakhiwo okungezona zokuhlala kuncike enhlosweni yaso. Idizayini yangaphakathi akufanele ihlale ihlanzekile nobuhle kuphela, kepha futhi ihambisane nokuma kokusebenza, izici zesakhiwo. Indawo ngayinye kufanele iphathwe ngezinto ezifanele ezingamelana nezinto zangaphandle nezinto ezonakalisayo.
Izindonga
Ukukhethwa kwendlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlobisa udonga egalaji kuthonywe kakhulu ubukhulu besabelomali, ukwakheka kwegumbi, ingaphakathi nezinto ozithandayo. Izingxube ezisetshenzisiwe, izinto zeshidi kufanele zibekezelele izinguquko zokushisa kahle, kube lula ukuzihlanza. Lapho ukhetha ukugqokiswa, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukulungiswa egalaji kuzokwenziwa njalo, ngakho-ke kufanele kube namandla futhi kuhlale isikhathi eside. Izinto ezilandelayo zingahlukaniswa nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene:
- Khonkolo. Ukumelana okuhle nomlilo. Ingxube efakwa ezindongeni ayimunuki iphunga noma uthuli. Ayikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi futhi ingalungiswa kalula. Ungafaka upende noma i-putty ngaphezulu kukakhonkolo;
- I-Ceramic tile. Izinto ezinokwethenjelwa, eziqinile kulula ukuzifaka nokuzihlanza. Phakathi kokubi kukhona izindleko eziphezulu, isisindo esikhulu;
- Amapaneli we-Polyvinyl chloride. Izinto ezingamelana nomswakama, izinto ezingashisi zingaphansi kwamandla kuzo zonke ezethulwe ohlwini. Azidingi ukucubungula okungeziwe nokugqokiswa, azibekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphansi;
- Okomile. Amashidi wamandla aphezulu agcina ukushisa kahle. Nebubi - izindleko eziphakeme kanye nobunzima ukufakwa;
- Ulwelwesi lweplastiki. Inketho yesiphetho sobuhle. Ngaphansi kwamashidi, ungafihla ukuxhumana, izintambo, ukwahlukanisa. Izinto ezi-Brittle, ezincibilika kancane.
Uphahla
Zonke izakhiwo ezintsha zinophahla olungahambisani nobuhle. Uthuli oluningi luwela esitsheni sikakhonkolo, ngisho nomoya onamandla onamandla ongakwazi ukubhekana nawo. Ukwakha induduzo nokuzigcina ufudumele, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza ukuphela kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Izinto ezingabizi kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukumboza uphahla egalaji yi-plywood. Ibhodi elenziwe ngokhuni lifakwe kalula kuhlaka futhi linentengo enengqondo.
Okukhethwa kukho okusebenzayo ukufakelwa upende omanzi. Umsebenzi kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana: sishaye, priming, ukumboza. Le ndlela ayifanele wonke umuntu, ngoba idinga umzamo omkhulu nesikhathi.
Uphahla lwe-plasterboard lufihla ngokuphelele ukukhubazeka, ukungajwayelekile, ukuxhumana kwamamaski. Ifanele kuphela amagaraji avulekile, ngoba okungenani i-5 cm yokuphakama ilahleka ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Amapaneli e-PVC angalengiswa ohlakeni lokhuni, lwensimbi.
Uma ukusebenza kudlula ukubukeka kobuhle, i-fiberboard, i-OSB nezinye izinto zokhuni ezicindezelwe zingasetshenziselwa ukuqeda uphahla. Zingabuye zifakwe i-resin, uphalafini, ipendwe nganoma imuphi umbala.
Phansi namagumbi angaphansi komhlaba
Isembozo esilula kunazo zonke ezansi nezikhala ezingaphansi komhlaba yi-screed kakhonkolo. Kungenzeka ukuqeda ukushiyeka kwesendlalelo sobuningi esiwohloka ngokushesha futhi usinikeze ukubukeka koqobo usebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ezingahambisani nazo. Okuthandeka kakhulu futhi okubukekayo ngamathayili. Beka ku-adhesive, uzama ukugwema i-voids. Kungcono ukukhetha izinhlobo eziqinile zokumboza, kucatshangelwa isisindo semoto yomgibeli, iloli. Kungaba injoloba, ama-paving slabs, i-porcelain stoneware.
Abanikazi abaningi begalaji abancane bathanda ukudweba. Le ndlela yokuqinisa i-screed inenkinga eyodwa ephawulekayo - ukusula ngokushesha. Abathandi bokunethezeka ekhaya bavame ukugcwala phansi ngezigqoko ezenziwe ngokhuni. Ukumbozwa kwe-polymer kungabhekwa njengokufanele. Ukusebenza kwayo kuhambisana nezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Okuwukuphela kokubi yindleko ephezulu kakhulu.
Ingaphakathi legaraji
Imibala ehambisanayo evumelana nokuqedwa okulungile kuzosiza ukuguqula isikhala segaraji le-nondescript sibe igumbi lokudizayina izimoto. Kepha ngaphezu kokuheha okubonakalayo, ingaphakathi kufanele lisebenze futhi lisebenze. Yonke into kufanele ibe nendawo yayo, izinto zokuhlobisa azifanelekile lapha. Ungagcina isikhala futhi uthuthukise ingaphakathi legaraji usebenzisa amathuluzi alandelayo:
- Izingwegwe zodonga zokugcina izintambo, amabhakede, amathuluzi engadi;
- Iziqukathi ezilengiswayo zezinto ezincane;
- Imichilo yamagnetic yemikhiqizo yensimbi;
- Perforated ithuluzi amabhodi;
- Ukupaka amabhayisikili, ama-scooter;
- Amabhokisi ocingo, amashalofu.
Ukuklanywa komhlaba nokuhlelwa kwesikhala
Isakhiwo segaraji asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi sivulekile. Ukwenza lula ukufinyelela ezintweni ezidingekayo, shiya ngokukhululekile umshini ukuze ugcinwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi unciphise kahle isikhala. Kunconywa ukwenza ukwabiwa ngokwemigomo elandelayo:
- Isikhala sokuhamba - indawo ihlala ikhululekile ukuhamba;
- Indawo efinyeleleka kalula - yokugcina izinto ezisetshenziswa njalo;
- Isikhala sezinto ezinamandla - amapotimende, ukuhlobisa konyaka omusha kungabekwa ngaphansi kophahla ku-mezzanine;
- Okubalulekile - ukuhlelwa kwamathuluzi engadi, amanikiniki enziwa emnyango wokungena egalaji;
- Indawo yokusebenzela - kufanelekile ukubeka itafula, izihlalo, amathuluzi adingekayo emisebenzini yakho oyithandayo ku-mini-workshop.
Ukukhethwa kwefenisha
Inani lefenisha lincike endaweni yesakhiwo segalaji kanye nesidingo salo. Ingahlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile ibe amatafula namashalofu. Ukucushwa kwezinto ezinjalo kuthonywa ngqo yimininingwane yomsebenzi ohleliwe.
Ifenisha ekhethekile yokwakhiwa kwangaphandle ayihlukile ngesitayela nobukhazikhazi. Imvamisa yenziwa ngensimbi ehlala isikhathi eside. Izakhiwo ezivulekile zivumela ukugcina imithwalo esindayo. Kuyafaneleka ukubeka amathuluzi nezinto ezisetshenziswayo kumakhabethe avaliwe nakumadilowa edeski.
Ku-workshop yegalaji, ungahlomisa ibhentshi lomsebenzi namanye amahedisethi awusizo. Kuyinto elula ukufeza umsebenzi wokubaza nowokukhiya ekufakweni okukhethekile. Banama-toolbar, abanamalambu akhethekile, izindawo zensimbi ezingasabi lutho olungaklwebheka.
Imishini yegaraji
Abashayeli abahlela ukwenza ukulungiswa kwezimoto okubucayi egalaji kunokushintshwa kwesondo okulula kufanele banikeze isikhala semishini eyengeziwe. Okulandelayo kungabhekwa njengamayunithi afanele esakhiwo sangasese:
- Umshini wokucindezela okuphezulu. Isetshenziselwa ukugeza imoto, zonke izinhlobo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Khiqiza ikhaya, amayunithi obuchwepheshe, ukufuthelana, ukuma, ukuzimela;
- Umshini wokushisela. Ekhaya, lisetshenziselwa ukwakha amalunga we-one-piece avaliwe. Ngosizo lwayo, kuphekwa izingxenye zocingo, kulungiswa umnyango wensimbi;
- Isicindezeli. Ukushintshwa okusebenzayo kwepompo yesandla. Iyacindezela, inikezela umoya ngaphansi kwengcindezi;
- Umfutholuketshezi Cindezela. Iyunithi lenza umsebenzi wokuncipha, ukucindezela ama-bushings, imikhono;
- Isihlukanisi samanzi kawoyela. Idivayisi isetshenziswa lapho kupendwa imoto ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo upende ngensimbi.Iyunithi ihlanza umoya emaconsi kawoyela, imiphunga eyingozi;
- Umshini wokubhola. Isetshenziselwa ukucubungula ngokunemba, umsebenzi wokugaya omncane.
Umgomo
Umbandela oyinhloko wokukhetha isango ukuvikela okuthembekile komshini nezinto eziyigugu ezigcinwe egalaji. Idizayini kufanele ibe ntofontofo futhi elula. Ikhwalithi nokusebenza komnyango kunomthelela omkhulu esimweni sezulu sangaphakathi nokuphepha kwezingxenye zemoto.
Izinhlobo zomnyango ezivamile ziyingxenye ethile. Indwangu yenziwe ngama-aluminium amaningana, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlelwe ngokuvundlile. Lapho ivuliwe, indwangu iya phezulu futhi iqoqwe ngaphansi kophahla. Ama-rolling shutter anendlela yokusebenza efanayo futhi aphakamisa. Lapho ivulwa, iwebhu yemichilo efakiwe ifakwa kushaft ngaphansi kwembobo engenhla.
Amasango ajikelezayo adinga isikhala esikhululekile, ngakho-ke awavamile ukukhethwa. Izakhiwo ezilula zokujikisa zikhetha umthengi waseRussia. Lolu hlobo lomnyango wegaraji yilo oluvame kakhulu futhi lungabizi. Izicabha zensimbi zivuleka ngaphandle, ezonga isikhala sangaphakathi.
Isiphetho
Kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa igalaji ngenkathi isebenza. Kuzoba ntofontofo futhi kusebenze ngenkathi kugcinwa inhlanzeko nokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi. Izinto ezikhethwe kahle zokuqedela indawo, ifenisha esezingeni eliphakeme kanye nemishini eyengeziwe kuzokwenza ukuhlala kwakho kuyo kujabulise kakhulu.
