Ukugeza kwendabuko kwaseRussia kunomlando omude. Ngenkathi eYurophu ekhanyisiwe izinkantolo zasebukhosini zazisungula amakha okufihla iphunga lemizimba engageziwe futhi zazifa yizintwala, indoda yethu yenza isiko lokugeza masonto onke. Yonke imindeni yaya endlini yokugezela nakanjani ngoMgqibelo. Lolu suku alukhethwanga ngengozi. NgeSonto, kwakudingeka ukuya esontweni ngendlela yalo emsulwa, kuthi phakathi nezinsuku umuntu waseRussia asebenze ngezithukuthuku zebunzi lakhe kusukela ekuseni kuze kuyosa futhi alinde uSuku Lokugeza.
Kusuka emlandweni
Ekuqaleni, lesi sakhiwo sokhuni sasingesihle futhi sasifudunyezwa "ngombala omnyama". Isitofu sasingenashimula, ngakho ungqimba oluminyene lwomsizi lwalumboza ingaphakathi lezindonga. Ingaphakathi lendlu yokugezela yalezo zikhathi lashiya lithandeka kakhulu, kwakungekho mbuzo nganoma iyiphi i-aesthetics, ukusebenza kuphela kwakubalulekile. Kwakungelula kakhulu ukugeza umusi egumbini elinjalo, kepha kwakungekho okunye ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izakhiwo zaba zikhulu ngokwengeziwe. Izitofu zaqala ukufakwa oshimula, futhi isiko lokuhlanza laba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi lagcwala amasiko. Isibonelo, endlini yokugezela ngayinye, ngokusho kwezinganekwane, kwakuhlala i- "brownie" ekhethekile: umthandi waphakade ongcolile wamaqhinga angcolile kulabo abangazange bambambe ngesipho ngesikhathi.
Ngaphandle kwenhloso enkulu yesakhiwo - ukuhlanza umzimba, abantu bayihlobanisa nokungcola. Izithonjana zazingakaze zixhunywe lapha futhi kwenziwa ukubikezela inhlanhla, okwakuthathwa njengokungahlanzekile. Indlu yokugeza yabekwa emaphethelweni edolobha, kude nasekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka: ezingadini zemifino "nasezindaweni eziyize". Izidingo zokuphepha komlilo? Akunjalo neze, njengesakhiwo esingcolile, indlu yokugezela bekungafanele ihlangane nendlu. Izitsha ezivela kuwo azikaze zilethwe ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Amakamelo entuthu ayedumile eRoma lasendulo, izakhamuzi zalo ezaziqapha ukubukeka kwazo ngokucophelela. Emanxiweni ombuso owake waba mkhulu, izinsalela zalezizakhiwo zigcinwe, ezikhuluma ngesiko eliphakeme labadali bazo. ERoma, izindawo zokugeza zazingasetshenziselwa ukuwasha kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuqhuba izinkulumompikiswano nezingxoxo ezinempilo ngezihloko zepolitiki nezefilosofi. Manje izindawo zokugeza sezinokubukeka kwesimanje, futhi zisebenza kumklamo wazo zingaphansi kokungaphakathi kwendlu. Isakhiwo sizoba umhlobiso wangempela wekotishi lasehlobo. Indlu yezwe ayiphelele ngaphandle kwalokhu okungeziwe, kumnandi ngayo yonke indlela. Indlu yokugezela ijwayele ukwakhiwa ngemuva kwegceke elingekude nendawo yezokungcebeleka: i-gazebo, ikhishi lasehlobo, izoso kanye nensimu. Ngeshwa, akuvunyelwe ukuhlanganisa lesi sakhiwo nezinye izakhiwo zibe yinkimbinkimbi eyodwa ngemithethonqubo elawula ibanga eliphansi phakathi kwamabhilidi angabanikazi abazimele. Ukugeza okujwayelekile kufanele kube namakamelo amathathu:
- Amakamelo entuthu;
- Amakamelo okuphumula noma amakamelo okugqoka;
- Igumbi lokuwasha.
Emiklamo ehlukahlukene, inani lamakamelo lingahliswa noma lengezwe. Isibonelo, uma kunokufinyelela okuqondile echibini noma echibini, khona-ke asikho isidingo seshawa (ukuwasha). Ehlobo ungathatha ukucwilisa emanzini apholile, kanti ebusika ungahlela ukugeza ngeqhwa. Kwezinye izinketho zokunethezeka, zonke izakhiwo zamachibi zingatholakala ngaphakathi. Ngale ndlela, abanikazi banikeza enye indlela yokugeza okushisayo. Esizeni, indlu yokugezela ingaba yisakhiwo esihlukile kuphela, kwezinye izimo (indawo encane), ukonga isikhala, abanikazi bahlomisa i-sauna egumbini labo elingaphansi, ekamelweni elisophahleni noma egumbini elingaphansi. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwakhiwa, iphrojekthi yesakhiwo ilungiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Njengoba ihlukaniswa njengengozi yomlilo, kungasiza ukuxhumana nabachwepheshe. Kwesinye isikhathi kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziyizitezi ezimbili ngocingo oluncane, iveranda, uvulandi, indlu yangasese, igumbi lamabhiliyadi negceke. Ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinjalo, kungcono ukuxhumana nomakhi wezakhiwo onguchwepheshe. Uzolungiselela iphrojekthi ngayinye. Baqala ukwakha izakhiwo ezilula ngezandla zabo. Ngakho-ke, ake sizame ukuhlunga izinhlobo zokugeza emashalofini, izici zokwakhiwa kwazo namaphutha ajwayelekile okwenziwa ngabahlobisi abaqalayo.
Indawo yokugeza
Izici zayo zokusebenza zixhomeke kubukhulu bendawo yokugeza. Uma indawo yegumbi ibalwa ngokungalungile, khona-ke igumbi elikhulu kakhulu lesitimu kuzodingeka lifudunyezwe isikhathi eside, futhi ukushisa kuzophela ngokushesha. Lapho kubalwa ubukhulu besakhiwo, ikakhulukazi ziqondiswa igumbi lesitimu. Leli ikamelo elibaluleke kakhulu, konke okunye kuyisengezo nje. Cabanga ngalokhu:
- Inani labantu abazovakashela ukugeza ngasikhathi sinye.
- Ubukhulu nezici zendawo yehhavini (ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi).
- Uhlobo lwe-Fuel. Inketho engcono kakhulu yokushisa okufananayo kwekamelo kusabhekwa njengesitofu nokhuni. Kodwa-ke, abanye basebenzisa izifudumezi zegesi nezikagesi, ukusebenza kwazo okufanele kufaniswe nosayizi webhavu.
- Inani lezihlalo, amashalofu: kulandela isigaba sokuqala.
Futhi, indawo incike kubukhulu besiza. Uma isakhiwo siminyene kakhulu, khona-ke indlu yokugeza izovela incane, ngoba kufanele ibekwe kude nakwezinye izakhiwo. I-nuance ebaluleke kakhulu amandla wezezimali wabanikazi nesabelomali sokwakha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lapho indlu yokugezela iba nkulu, ukuthenga izinto zokwakha kukhulu kuzochitha isikhwama semali.
Usayizi omuhle womndeni ojwayelekile ngu-5x5 (25 sq.m.). Kuleso sakhiwo kunendawo yegumbi lesitimu eliphakathi nendawo, igumbi lokugqoka elibanzi futhi negumbi lokugeza lomuntu oyedwa.
Umthamo wokugeza
Umthamo webhavu mhlawumbe yisici salo esiyinhloko, okumele sibhekwe noma sisesigabeni sokuklama lapho kulungiswa umdwebo. Ukuhlelwa, indawo yamawindi neminyango, ukuxhumana - konke lokhu kuzobalwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-sauna yomgqomo emincane kakhulu ingahlalisa abantu ababili noma abathathu ngasikhathi. Ubukhulu bayo ngokwesilinganiso buhluka kusuka ku-2X2 kuye ku-3X3 naku-3x4 metres. Ukuze umndeni wezinkampani ezine noma inkampani encane ngokulinganayo ukwazi ukuphumula endlini yokugeza ngasikhathi sinye, isakhiwo semitha esingu-4x4 sanele. 16 sq.m. ngosayizi ofanele, amele "incazelo yegolide": ukwakhiwa akubizi kakhulu, futhi izakhiwo azifani namakamelo okugcina amancane. Kwisibalo esikhulu sezivakashi, izindlu zokugezela ezivulekile ze-6x4 noma i-5x5 m zinamabhilidi.Izakhiwo zingaba nesikwele noma umugqa ongunxande. Igumbi le-steam livame ukuthatha indawo ekude kakhulu, futhi ngaphambi kwalo kukhona igumbi lokuphumula, igumbi lokugqoka namashawa.
Izinhlobo zokugeza
Cishe wonke amazwe anamasiko awo okugeza. Kumuntu ongazijwayele, eziningi zazo zingabonakala njengokungajwayelekile. Uhlobo ngalunye lokugeza lune-microclimate yalo ehlukile. Kokunye ungachitha okungenani usuku lonke, kanti abanye bancoma ukuthi ungavakasheli kaningi ngesonto ngenxa yezimo ezinolaka ngokweqile ezingaphikisa wonke umphumela wokwenza ngcono impilo. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka:
- Ukugeza kwaseRussia (i-steam sauna). Imvamisa lezi yizakhiwo zamapulangwe, ezivela kubha noma ezihlotshiswe ngebhodi eliyindilinga. Izindawo zokugeza zanamuhla zaseRussia, ngaphandle komklamo wazo kanye "nemihlobiso" yezici zazo, azifani neze nokhokho bazo. Ngokwesiko, "inhliziyo" yabo eshisayo iyisifudumezi, kepha muva nje kusetshenziswa amafenisha kagesi asebenziseka kalula kanye nezifudumezi zegesi. Umoya kubhavu waseRussia uyashisa, kepha unomswakama. Umzimba womuntu uyayibekezelela indawo enjalo ngobunzima obukhulu kunokucwilisa owomile ku-sauna yaseFinland. Okokuqala, amatshe ayafudunyezwa lapho kufakwa khona isitofu, bese kuthelwa amanzi kuwo, kuhwamuke ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngokwesiko, ezindaweni zokugeza zaseRussia, inqubo yokuhwamula ihambisana nemishanelo ye-birch "yokupholisa" emzimbeni. Ukuze uthole umphumela omkhulu, izigaxa zamakhambi okwelapha zifakwa emanzini: i-nettle, i-thyme, i-chamomile, i-celandine. Ebusika, inqubo iphazanyiswa "ukugeza" emithonjeni yeqhwa noma uthela amanzi eqhwa. Kunconywa ukushisa isitofu esivuthayo sokhuni nge-birch noma i-alder chock.
- Indlu yokugeza yaseFinland (i-sauna enomoya owomile). Lolu hlobo seluthole ukuthandwa entshonalanga. Ukushisa okujwayelekile ekamelweni kungafinyelela kuma-degree ayi-100, futhi izinga lomswakama alidluli ku-20-30%. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngenxa yomoya owomile. Ungachitha isikhathi esiningi ku-sauna yaseFinland, kepha imishanelo ayinakusetshenziswa, njengoba ungathola ukusha okukhulu. Ngokwesayizi, lolu hlobo lwamabhati luhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezincane kanye nezakhiwo "zomndeni". Owokuqala angafakwa ngisho nasendlini yakho. Amabhavu amancane aselungile athengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile.
- Inguqulo yamaRoma. "Isethi" yabo ejwayelekile ifaka amakamelo amabili: i-tepidarium ne-laconium. Kokunye kufudumele nje, kanti kokunye izinga lokushisa lifinyelela kuma-degree angama-70-90, futhi ungajuluka kahle. Imvamisa ukuhambela kwabo kuyashintshana.
- Hamam (umoya owomile). Kulolu hlobo lokugeza lwasempumalanga, ungahlala okungenani usuku lonke. Umoya uyashisa futhi womile, kepha izinga lokushisa alikhuphuki ngaphezu kwama-degree angama-50.
- Ofuro (okugeza amanzi). Ukushisa emigqonyeni yamanzi afudumele kwenziwa eJapane. Eqinisweni, lokhu kungukugeza okushisa kakhulu kwesimo esingajwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kukho okungenhla, izakhiwo ezingajwayelekile zivame kakhulu ukufakwa: izindawo zokugeza zesihlabathi zaseGibhithe (mpo nezingqimba), "ubhiya" waseCzech, ama-sento aseJapan (i-ofuro efanayo, kodwa kuwo wonke umndeni), i-bastu yaseSweden, i-Indian temaskali, amatshe ashisayo amaNgisi, iMoroccan kanye Amakamelo ashubile (amadala) amaNdiya.
Uhlobo lokugeza lukhethwa ngokuya ngobukhulu obuvumelekile. Ibhavu yokugeza izongena ekhoneni elincane lesiza, futhi isakhiwo sokugeza samaRoma sizodinga isikwele esikhulu.
Izitayela zangaphakathi
Isixazululo sesitayela siyinhlanganisela yokwakhiwa kwangaphandle (ngaphandle) nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi (ingaphakathi). Ngokungafani nokwakhiwa kwefulethi noma indlu, ifenisha encane isetshenziselwa ukugeza okulula. Egumbini lokuzilibazisa, izihlalo nosofa kuthathelwa indawo amabhentshi avulekile afakwe ezungeze itafula. Egumbini lesitimu, ukuhlobisa kusetshenziswa okuncane kakhulu. Inketho ejwayelekile kakhulu isitayela se-rustic. Lesi sixazululo sangaphakathi sibona ubulula obugudle umkhawulo we-primitivism. Izindawo ezingalashwa kanye nohlobo lwesakhiwo "sasendle" - lokhu kuyisici sesitayela se-rustic. Okokuhlobisa, kusetshenziswa imidwebo ehlobisa ingaphandle lendlu. Amabhati aklanywe ngokwemigomo ye-French Provence anokubukeka okuhle kakhulu. Umhlobiso nezindawo okusobala ukulingisa kwakudala. Egumbini elinjalo, ifenisha ipendwe mhlophe, futhi umpheme uhlotshiswe ngebhentshi ngengubo yokulala nemicamelo ngembali ejabule. Isitayela se-antique singaphansi kwezinkomba "zasendulo": ikwazile ukugcina izici zayo, ngemuva kokuphasa ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi. Amathayili asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ngaphakathi, futhi igumbi lihlotshiswe ngemithombo kanye nezinsika zokuhlobisa ezisekela igumbi elingaphansi. Njengokugqanyiswa kwangaphakathi, ungasebenzisa ama-antique amphora nezithombe. Isitayela sezwe sibonakala ngokuthinta ubudedengu. Ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kusetshenziswa izitini noma ukulingisa (kuvinjelwe egumbini le-steam), izinto zensimbi nezinkuni ezingalashwa. I-Austere loft iphefumula ukunethezeka okungabonakali. Igumbi lokugqoka negumbi lokuphumula lihlotshiswe nge-chic: okhaphethi ababizayo phansi, imicamelo emabhentshini, izibani ezinamazinga amaningi, mhlawumbe nekhawuntara yebha. Isitayela se-chalet sehlele kithi kusuka emithambekeni yezintaba: ilula kepha yinhle. Umhlobiso uphethwe ngokhuni olubi namafasitela abanzi, okudala ukucishe kube yikhaya.
Izinto zokuqeda
Emabhavini aseRussia, umusi waba nomphumela okhethekile wokuphulukisa ngenxa yokuxhumana nomhlobiso wangaphakathi owenziwe ngezingodo. Izinkuni zinezimbobo "zokuphefumula", ezikhipha iphunga eliyingqayizivele kumswakama ophezulu. Ngalesi sizathu, izindawo zokugeza azakhiwe kusuka kuma-conifers, njengoba zikhipha i-resin. Okokuhlobisa ngaphakathi, akunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinto zokwenziwa okuthi, uma zifudunyezwa, zikhiphe ubuthi: amapaneli e-PVC namathayili, itshe lokufakelwa, isitini, i-MDF ne-chipboard. Lezi zamuva zibonakala zingenabungozi, ngoba imfucumfucu yokhuni isetshenziselwa isisekelo sayo, kepha isinamathelisi esigcina isigaxa sokhuni ndawonye singakhipha izinto eziyingozi uma zifudunyezwa. Ukufakwa kwezindonga zangaphandle kwenziwa nge-clapboard. Okungaphakathi kuqediwe ngamabhodi enziwe nge-thermolipa (okhethekile okokugeza) noma nge-block house. Iphansi libekwe ngepulangwe noma ngamathayili, ophahleni lubhekene nebhodi lokunamathisela. Ukuze umbuso wokushisa odingekayo uhlale esakhiweni isikhathi eside, kuyadingeka ukuwuvikela ngekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa izingqimba ezintathu zezinto ezahlukahlukene:
- Isithiyo se-vapor. Kusetshenziswa ukwahlukanisa kwe-foil.
- Uboya bamaminerali. Izinto ezilula nezingashisi.
- Ifilimu elingangenisi amanzi.
"Ikhekhe" lokuhlukaniswa eligqinsiwe elimbozwe ngezinto zokuqedela ezenza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa.
Ukukhanyisa
Lapho uhlela ukukhanyisa kubhavu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele izici ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-microclimate yesakhiwo:
- Umswakama ophezulu;
- Amazinga okushisa aphakeme.
Umswakama uthathwa "njengesitha" esiyingozi kakhulu sezintambo, ngoba kungadala isekhethi esifushane kunethiwekhi, esivame ukuba yimbangela yomlilo. Ama-light, switch, wiring and distribution board akhethwa ezinkethweni ezithile. Emabhavini, lonke uhlelo lokukhanyisa kufanele luvikelwe ngokwezinga elifanele emiphumeleni enolaka yemvelo yangaphakathi yesakhiwo. Ekamelweni lokuwasha nokugqoka ungasebenzisa ama-bulb ajwayelekile, futhi ekamelweni le-steam kuzofanele uthenge amakhethelo akhethekile azovikela ngokuthembekile "ama-insides" wedivayisi. I-plafond necala lokwehlukanisa kumele kungangeni manzi. Ukukhanyisa egumbini le-steam akufanele kukhanye kakhulu, ngoba lokhu ngeke kube nomthelela ekuphumuleni.
Igumbi lomusi
Igumbi lomusi - igumbi eliphakathi nendawo lokugeza. Inqubo enkulu yokwenza ngcono impilo yenzeka kuyo, futhi ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kuvame ukuqala ngakho. Isimo esisegumbini lesitimu sinesizotha. Ifenisha enkulu ngamabhentshi. Ezinguqulweni zasendulo, zibekwa ngasendaweni ezungeze igumbi lesitimu. Ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, izingoma ezinemigqa eminingi ziyenziwa, ezivumela wonke umndeni ukuthi uhlale ngokukhululeka. Isikhundla esiphakathi egumbini le-steam kuhlala isitofu, esihlotshisiwe ukufanisa isiphetho esiphelele.
Igumbi lokugqoka
Igumbi lokugqoka lingabizwa ngokuthi "igumbi lokulinda". Kunamabhentshi ambalwa, ikhabethe lezingubo noma ikhabethe elihlukaniswe ngocingo elihlukile lapha. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukuvimbela umoya obandayo ungangeni egumbini lesitimu. Isebenza njengohlobo lwendawo emaphakathi phakathi komgwaqo negumbi elikhulu. Egumbini lokugqoka, abantu, njengomthetho, baphumula ngokulindela ukushisa igumbi noma ithuba labo lokuvakasha. Ezinketho ezinesizotha ngokwengeziwe ngokushoda kwesikhala, kuhlanganiswe negumbi lokuzilibazisa.
Igumbi lokugeza
Amabhavu abanzi afakwa amakamelo okuwasha, afaka phakathi izihlambi ezimbalwa, "ama-tub" ngamanzi futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namachibi. Kuleli gumbi, abantu bangazipholisa futhi bageze izithukuthuku zabo ngemuva kwegumbi lesitimu, okungukuthi, bagcwalise inqubo yenhlalakahle. Igumbi elilodwa lokugeza lifakwe ezindlini zokugezela ezincane. Ngokuvamile unikezwa igumbi elincane, lapho idokodo ngokwalo, ibhentshi kanye nezingwegwe ezimbalwa zezinto kungangena. Ezakhiweni eziminyene kakhulu, igumbi lokugeza lingaminyaniswa egumbini lokugqoka. Izindonga zaso kufanele zihlotshiswe ngendlela efanele ukuze umuntu obeziwasha angabonakali ekamelweni.
Indlu yangasese
Leli gumbi liyigumbi lokuhlala. Yilapha kuphela lapho impahla ifana negumbi elijwayelekile endlini. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womklami ukudala umoya othokomele futhi onethezekile wokuphumula okuhle. Kufanele kube nezindawo zokuhlala nokulala, futhi kube nendawo ethambile uma kuqhathaniswa namabhentshi ashubile.Futhi, egumbini lokuphumula lokugezela, kufanele kufakwe itafula noma ibha yokubala ngaphezu kwalo. Ukuhlala ngokunethezeka endlini, ungabeka i-TV noma ucabange ngezinye izindlela zokuzijabulisa.
Isiphetho
Isiko lokuya endlini yokugeza likwazile hhayi kuphela ukudlula isikhathi, kepha futhi nokuzivumelanisa nezinto ezingokoqobo zesimanje. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo bekukholelwa ukuthi le ndlela yokuhlanza ivuselela futhi ihlanze umzimba. Umphumela uvamise ukubonakala ngemuva kokuvakashelwa okuvamile okuncane kubhavu. Kucatshangelwa ngokwengeziwe ingaphakathi nengaphandle lesakhiwo, ngoba ayisekho "indlu esezivandeni", kepha iseyinto ephelele yokwakhiwa kwezwe lendawo yangasese.
