Izici zomklamo
IFresco iyindlela yokudweba kupulasitela omanzi noma owomile usebenzisa upende namabhulashi. NgeNkathi Ephakathi kanye ne-Renaissance, indlela yokudweba yayisetshenziswa kuphela ku-plaster emanzi, okwathi, ngemuva kokumiswa, yakha ifilimu, eyenza i-fresco iqine. Namuhla, ifresco ngaphakathi ibizwa ngokuthi imuphi umdwebo wodonga onopende, ngosizo lwamabhulashi kanye ne-airbrush, elenza lula umsebenzi wokufaka.
Kwingaphakathi lesimanje, ungathola i-fresco ngamasu ahlukene namaphethini ahlukile, angasetshenziswanga kuphela kuplasta, kodwa nakwesinye isisekelo. Le nketho yokuklama ilungele ingaphakathi elijwayelekile, lapho kugcinwa khona yonke imiyalo yokuhlobisa nefenisha, kanye nokwakhiwa kwanamuhla.
Izinhlobo zamafresco
Namuhla akudingekile ukumema umculi ukuthi azopenda izindonga, kwanele uku-oda i-fresco yesimanje, equkethe izithako zemvelo kuphela, njengokuhlanganiswa kwesihlabathi, i-lime, upende, ingxube yeglue. Umdwebo ungenziwa kusuka esithombeni noma kumdwebo. Kukhona ukukhethwa okukhulu kwemidwebo yangaphakathi, efana naleyo: kuplastikhi, kokungalukiwe, kukhansili, kokuzinamathisela nasesisekelweni esiqinile.
Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ingaphakathi nge-fresco enetimu evela empilweni ye-Middle Ages, ehlala ezindongeni ezimbili zekamelo lokudlela elibanzi ngesitayela esijwayelekile.
Kusetshenziswe ukhonkolo
I-fresco yodonga olususelwa ku-plaster ilungele ingaphakathi elijwayelekile. Le nqubo iseduze nokwakhiwa kwama-antique frescoes. Yenziwe ngosimende olususelwa kumeshini okhulayo. Umdwebo usetshenziswa ngopende. Okuboshwe odongeni noma ophahleni ngeglu, imiphetho ihlotshiswe ngosimende, ngakho-ke isithombe sibukeka ngathi sithelwa odongeni.
Umdwebo ongalukiwe
Umdwebo ongalukiwe wenziwa kusetshenziswa iphrinta yesithombe sangemuva. Ngemuva kokufaka isithombe noma isithombe, isithombe sesikhulile. Ingasetshenziswa ezindongeni ezingalingani kancane kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besithombe sangemuva esingelukiwe. I-fresco enjalo ingenziwa odongeni lonke ngezwe elikude leVenice noma iParis.
I-Fresco kwindwangu
Lolu hlobo luthandwa kakhulu. Usimende usetshenziselwa useyili, bese udweba. Ngemuva kwalokho, indlela yokuguga nokufakelwa kwe-wax iyasetshenziswa. Kungenziwa ngokusho kwesithombe esikhethekile, noma kube yinto ejwayelekile, ngohlaka noma ngaphandle kwalo. Udonga olungenasici lunganamathiselwa odongeni ngeglu yesithombe sangemuva. Uthuli kufanele lususwe kuphela ngendlela eyomile.
Esithombeni kukhona i-fresco, ethi, ngokwakhiwa kwamakhothamo, idale ukulingisa kuvulandi ovulekile. Ngokwangaphakathi okunjalo, izindonga kufanele zingathathi hlangothi ngombala.
Ukuzinamathisela
I-fresco yokuzenzela ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali. Esithombeni esiphelile sosayizi odingekayo, kusetshenziswa isihlabathi ohlangothini olungaphambili nefilimu yokuzinamathisela kolunye uhlangothi. I-fresco enjalo inganamathiselwa ebusweni obugxiliwe nokwehliswa kophahla noma udonga. Kubukeka njengesithombe sangemuva sesithombe futhi ngenxa yobukhulu baso obuzacile akusifihli isici sodonga.
Ngesisekelo esiqinile
Ukudweba kwenziwa ngesisekelo esiqinile, esikhawulelwe ngosayizi (ipharamitha ephezulu ngamamitha ayi-3x1.5). Iphrintiwe kupuleti elilungiswe kanzima, ngaphakathi ingafreyimu, noma ivele inamathiselwe odongeni.
Iqedile isicelo se-fresco nendawo
Umdwebo onwebekayo, obukeka njengephepha lodonga lesithombe, unamathiselwe ngeglue futhi ubukeka uphila nodonga, inguqulo esisekelweni esiqinile izoba nokuvela okufana nomdwebo.
I-algorithm yokusebenzisa i-canvas:
- Yenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukulinganisa ubuso bodonga, kufanele bushelelezi, ulinganise ifresco nobuso.
- Faka i-glue yesithombe sangemuva esingelukiwe odongeni nasemuva komdwebo, bese sithamba, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungasiphuli.
- Namathisela futhi ususe amagwebu ngaphansi kwendwangu. Okungajwayelekile kuzophela ngemuva kokoma.
Indawo yodonga
Njengesithombe sangemuva sesithombe, i-fresco ngaphakathi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni udonga. Usayizi wayo ungaba yinoma iyiphi ifomethi nokuma, ukusuka kusikwele kuye ku-ellipse. Egumbini elikhulu, kungangena udonga lonke.
Indawo yophahla
Ukuze uhlobise uphahla, ungasebenzisa ukudweba ngokuhlangana nosimende noma ukubumba kwe-stucco polyurethane. Uphahla kufanele lube phezulu ukuze "lungacindezeli" iphethini elisezindongeni.
Njengokuhlobisa
Njengomhlobiso, ungahlobisa ama-ledges, ama-niches, amakholomu. Ungahlobisa amafrescoes ngaphakathi usebenzisa amafreyimu nokubumba.
Lesi sithombe sikhombisa i-fresco ekhiqizwa kabusha ngomdwebo kaMichelangelo "The Creation of Adam", ohlobisa i-niche engaphezulu kwezitebhisi. Lolu khetho lufanele ingaphakathi elijwayelekile.
Izici zesicelo kuzitayela
Lapho ukhetha usayizi wefresco nengqikimba yawo, udinga ukuqala ngosayizi wekamelo, ukuhlelwa kwefenisha kanye nesisombululo sesitayela.
Isimanje
Ukuze uthole ingaphakathi lesimanje, i-fresco ene-abstract, i-geometry, amabala alula ngokushintshwa kwemibala kufanelekile. Izithombe zesigcawu nazo ziyafaneleka, ikakhulukazi enkulisa.
Okwakudala
Okwakudala, ukukhiqizwa kobuciko bomhlaba bomdwebo, izithombe zezimbali, impilo isalungile. Isikimu sombala asihlali hlangothi. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemidwebo, zifanelekile kukhanda, kuplasta, esisekelweni esiqinile. Engxenyeni yakudala yakudala, amafreyimu amhlophe noma egolide adlala indima ebalulekile, ukuze ukwazi ukuwasebenzisa.
Esithombeni, ifresco esekwe kupulasitela ngemithunzi ye-pastel ekhombisa ukuhlangana okungokwemvelo kwenqaba ibukeka ingabonakali futhi imnene ngaphakathi kwangaphakathi okukhanyayo.
I-Provence
Isitayela seProvence singagcizelelwa ngomdwebo onemibala ngemibala ye-pastel noma insimu ye-lavender. Isithombe esikhulu sidinga udonga oluhlukile olungeke luminyaniswe nefenisha. I-fresco izoba isichasiso segumbi lonke, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungalayishi kakhulu ingaphakathi ngezinto ezengeziwe zokuhlobisa.
Inhlanganisela nezinye izinto
I-Plaster, upende we-matte, iphepha lodonga, isenzo samatshe njengezinto zokuqedela lapho umdwebo ubukeka kahle. I-plaster yaseVenetian, kanye nesithombe, ibukeka iyavumelana futhi ingokwemvelo ngaphakathi. I-plaster yokuhlobisa (i-liquid wallpaper) nayo iyafaneleka. Lapho unamathela kumaphephadonga angalukiwe, udinga ukusebenzisa iglu yekhwalithi ephezulu. Kungcono ukuthi iphepha lodonga lingenamhlobiso nephethini enkulu.
Ukukhethwa komklamo nezithombe
Umdwebo ungahlukanisa igumbi libe yizindawo noma udale ukugqamisa. Udinga ukukhetha isihloko sesithombe ngokuya ngesitayela segumbi. Ukuze uthole ingaphakathi elijwayelekile, ungasebenzisa imidwebo edumile, izithombe eziqoshiwe ezivela ezithombeni, ama-panorama omlando, izimbali, ubuso besanta. Ungenza futhi i-iconostasis kusuka kumafrescoes. Ukuze uphahla, ukudweba kwesibhakabhaka ngamafu, izinyoni ezindizayo noma izingelosi kufanelekile.
Esithombeni, isithombe esibhakabhakeni kanye ne-stucco esophahleni kudala ukulingiswa kwewindi, okwenza ingaphakathi libe nomoya. Lo mklamo usebenza kahle kumakamelo aphansi noma amnyama.
Esikhathini sangaphakathi samanje, imidwebo engabonakali ifanelekile, lapho kugcizelelwa khona ukuma nombala. Okunye okuthandwa kakhulu yizithombe ezilingisa ukubuka kusuka ewindini noma kuvulandi kuya panorama yedolobha noma olwandle. Iphethini yamagatsha nezimbali ingaba nge-pastel noma imibala egqamile.
Ukuhlobisa igumbi efulethini
Ikhishi
Ngaphakathi ekhishini nasendlini yokudlela, impilo emile, ukulingiswa kombono ovela efasiteleni, izithelo, ukuhlelwa kwembali kuyafaneleka. Ukwakha i-accent endaweni yokudlela, ungafaka ukubuka kwehlathi, izintaba, impophoma.
Esithombeni, i-fresco odongeni lwe-accent yamatshe ekhishini ibukeka ingokwemvelo ngenxa yokukhethwa ngempumelelo kwephethini nokukhanya okuhle kokufakelwa.
Igumbi lokuphumula
Ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuphumula, ungasebenzisa umdwebo ngesakhiwo, isithombe sedolobha elidala, isithombe sakho. Amafreyimu azofaneleka egumbini lokuphumula elijwayelekile, nasekuhlelweni kwamatshe ngesitayela sezwe. Uhlelo lombala kufanele luhambisane nomqondo jikelele wegumbi.
Ikamelo lokulala
Ngokwangaphakathi kwegumbi lokulala, isithombe samafu ophahleni, izingelosi, izimbali ezinamathele e-pastel, ama-seascapes azokusiza uphumule kufanelekile. Akufanelekile ukuveza abantu noma iziza lapha ngenxa yobunzima bayo.
Esithombeni, udonga olusekhanda lombhede ekamelweni lesitayela sakudala luhlotshiswe ngomdwebo ongalukiwe namakholamu amhlophe we-polyurethane amhlophe. Ukuphikisana nombala wezindonga kuhlanganiswe ngokuvumelanayo ngaphakathi.
Iphasishi
Ngephaseji elincane, sebenzisa udonga olukhanyayo odongeni. Ukuhlobisa iphaseji ngaphandle kwewindi, isithombe sefasitela esivulekile ngombono wemvelo siyafaneleka.
Izingane
Ngaphakathi enkulisa, ukupenda kufanele kuqondakale enganeni. Kungaba yisiqephu senganekwane, iqhawe lekhathuni. Kuhle ukuba ne-fresco phambi kombhede ukuze ingane iyibuke ngaphambi kokulala.
Igalari yezithombe
I-fresco eguquliwe igcinwe njengomhlobiso futhi ithandwa ngaphakathi. Amafresco esimanje asebenziseka kalula ngaphandle kokubandakanya umculi. Ukuhlobisa komlobi noma i-fresco kusuka esithombeni kuzodala ingaphakathi elihlukile. Ngezansi kunezibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwamafresco emakamelweni ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza.
