Enye yezinketho zokwandisa indawo yokuhlala ukuhlanganisa i-balcony negumbi. Kubantu abaningi abahlala emafulethini, lesi yisixazululo kuphela. Amamitha ayisikwele angeziwe azothuthukisa ukwakheka futhi enze igumbi lisebenze ngokwengeziwe. Lapho uthatha isinqumo ngokwakhiwa kabusha, kufanele ucabangele izindaba ezithile zobunjiniyela nezomthetho. Umphumela wokuhlela ikhaya lakho akufanele uphazamise omakhelwane bakho. Noma yiluphi ushintsho, ukujoyina, ukudilizwa kokuhlukaniswa kwephaneli noma indlu yezitini kudinga isivumelwano ne-BTI.
Izinzuzo nobubi bokuhlanganisa
Ukwakhiwa kabusha ukuze kwandiswe isikhala kuzodala ingaphakathi elisha lesimanje. Ukulungiswa okunjalo akwenziwa kuphela ezindlini ezincane zeKhrushchev, kodwa futhi nasemafulethini anesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe. Ngokuya ngenani lezitezi nohlobo lwesakhiwo, ukuhlanganiswa kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokususa ifasitela nomnyango kuphela, ngokudiliza ngokuphelele zonke izakhi kanye ne-sill.
Lapho uhlela ukwakheka kwangaphandle, izici zayo kufanele zinakwe; kungasetshenziswa kuphela izinto zokukhanya ezingadali umthwalo owengeziwe ebhodini le-balcony. Ukujoyina kuvulandi endaweni yokuhlala enkulu kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Izinga lokunethezeka elikhulisiwe;
- Khulisa ekukhanyeni kwemvelo;
- Idizayini yangempela;
- Ukwandisa inani lemakethe lefulethi;
- Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esihlukile.
Ububi bokujoyina i-loggia noma i-balcony kufaka phakathi isidingo sokwenza intuthuko ngokwasemthethweni, ngokuqoqwa nokusayinwa kwamaphepha amaningi. Uzodinga ukungena ezindlekweni ezibonakalayo zokwenza i-glazing, ukwahlukanisa, ukukhanyisa, nokuningi. Ubunzima bungavela futhi lapho kudilizwa izingxenyana, ngoba ezindlini eziningi zesakhiwo esidala, indawo enamafasitela i-monolithic futhi ayinakuhlukaniswa. Ebhodini le-balcony, awukwazi ukubeka ifenisha esindayo, izinto zasendlini ezisetshenzisiwe ezidala ukudlidlizela.
Ama-nuances wokuhlanganisa ezindlini zepaneli nezitini
Ukudilizwa okuphelele kwe-sill window, i-lintel engenhla ingenziwa kuphela ngezitini, izindlu ezivimba. Ezakhiweni zephaneli, i-facade iyindonga ethwala umthwalo, ukwephula ubuqotho bayo kuyingozi kakhulu. Uma kusatholakala imvume yokuqaqa okuphelele, kuyadingeka ukufaka okungenani iyunithi enezingilazi ezimbili futhi unakekele ukwahlukanisa okwengeziwe.
Akunakwenzeka ukudlulisa ibhethri endaweni ye-balcony yangaphambili. Izenzo ezinjalo zingaphazamisa isifunda esishisayo sayo yonke indlu. Lapho uqaqa i-sill yefasitela, into yokushisa ingahanjiswa odongeni oluseduze, eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ekuvuleni.
Lapho kwenziwa kabusha, abantu abaningi bafuna ukwenza izinga elilodwa phansi, kepha cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola imvume yokudiliza inadi. Ezindlini zezitini, isekela i-balcony slab futhi iyingxenye yesakhiwo. Uma umkhawulo ususwa esakhiweni esenziwe ngamaphaneli ama-slabs, khona-ke uzolahlekelwa ukuqina kwawo, futhi phansi kuzoba yiqhwa.
Ungawushaya umehluko wokuphakama lapho uhlanganisa amakamelo amabili usebenzisa umgwaqo noma izitebhisi. Uma izimali zivuma, izinga phansi liphakanyiselwa ekuphakameni kombundu.
Izidingo zokuqondanisa
Kungenzeka uqale ukuhlanganisa i-loggia nanoma yimaphi amakamelo kuphela ngemuva kokubheka zonke izingxenye zesakhiwo nokwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela. Isigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kufanele kube yile misebenzi elandelayo:
- Ukubengezela. Ukugcina isimo sezulu esishisayo, amafasitela kufanele enziwe ngamakamelo amabili noma amathathu ohlobo lwefulethi olujwayelekile. Ungabenza bonke babe yizithulu noma ushiye into eyodwa yokuvula. Ebhaleni eliphumayo, kungcono ukuvala izingxenye eziseceleni ngamapaneli noma ukubeka izitini.
- Ukufudumala. Zonke izindawo kufanele ziqedwe ngokufakwa. Izindonga, uphahla, uboya bengilazi, i-polystyrene isetshenziswa, phansi kwenziwa ukufudumala.
- Ukushisa okwengeziwe. I-convector emisiwe, i-fan fan noma i-radiator kawoyela izokwengeza ukufudumala kule ndawo. Izinto ezisebenza ngogesi kufanele zinikezwe amasokhethi.
- Ukufakwa kwama-props avela ngaphandle. Lo umcimbi ophoqelekile ukuqinisa isakhiwo. Amakhona wensimbi anamathiselwe odongeni nasemaphethelweni akude wesilayidi sebhalkhoni.
Ungakwenza kanjani ukuguqulwa kube semthethweni - isivumelwano ku-BTI
Kuyadingeka ukuqoqa imibhalo ukuthola imvume yokwakhiwa kabusha ngokunamathisela kuvulandi egumbini lokuphumula uma udonga lususwe ngokuphelele. Asikho isidingo sokufaka ngokusemthethweni isenzo sokuqaqa umnyango noma iwindi ngaphandle kokwephula isakhiwo sikakhonkolo. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi lapho uthengisa ifulethi, konke kuzofanele kubuyiselwe endaweni yako.
Kuyadingeka ukuxhumanisa izenzo ngaphambi kokuqala kabusha kwenhlangano yokuklama. Ukuze ukulungiswa kube semthethweni, ngokuzayo ngeke kube nezinkinga, kufanele uhambe ngale ndlela elandelayo ngezigaba:
- Faka isicelo ekuphathweni kwesifunda, esiteshini sanitary kanye nesifo sezifo;
- Ngemuva kokuthola imvume yokwakha iphrojekthi;
- Yenza ukuxhumana ngokuqinile ngokohlelo;
- Mema abasebenzi be-BTI nabaphathi ukuthi bamukele umsebenzi, bathathe izithombe nezilinganiso;
- Thola isitifiketi esisha sokubhaliswa kwezindlu nezinguquko endaweni.
Kunzima kakhulu ukugunyaza ukuhlanganiswa okwenziwe kakade kwamakamelo. Kwi-BTI kuyadingeka ukwenza isiphetho sobuchwepheshe, okukhombisa isimo esedlule sendawo kanye nezinguquko zamanje. Fakela lo mbhalo necebo lendlu ukuze livunyelwe kuma-SES. Umzimba wombuso uzonqaba ukwenqatshelwa. Ungazama ukuya enkantolo naye. Mancane kakhulu amathuba okuwina leli cala nokugwema inhlawulo. Bazokhulisa amathuba esinqumo esihle ngamasiginesha abo bonke abavumelana nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezakhamizi zaleli bhilidi.
Izigaba zokuhlanganisa
Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa igumbi kuvulandi, amaphuzu amaningi abalulekile kufanele anakwe. Isimo sezulu efulethini lonke kufanele sifanane, akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukuphambuka ezingeni lomswakama nezinguquko zokushisa kule ndawo. Ekuqedeni ungasebenzisa imixube elula; lapho ufaka i-grille yohlaka ngaphansi kokufakwa, kusetshenziswa izinkuni kuphela. Uma kunqunywa ukususa okwahlukaniswa kokhonkolo, amandla abo kufanele anakwe. Ububanzi bewindi kanye ne-sill kwenziwa ngokhonkolo, ngakho-ke kudingeka amathuluzi akhethekile ukuwaqaqa.
Ukucwebezela kuvulandi
Ukucwebezela okufudumele kuphela okufanelekile. Ngaphandle kwamakhono akhethekile, lo msebenzi awukwazi ukwenziwa ngokuzimela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zezinkampani ezinikeza ukulungiswa kwe-turnkey. Amafasitela acwebe kabili angaba ngokhuni noma insimbi-ipulasitiki. Ungafaka amawindi ngendlela endala, ushiye ingxenye yodonga ezansi, noma udale igumbi lomklami elinama-glass glazing. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi izakhiwo ezingenasici.
Amakamelo amaningi eyunithi yeglasi, ayanda amazinga wokufakwa kwemisindo nokonga ukushisa. Ukufakwa kuyaqhubeka ngokuya ngohlelo olujwayelekile. Okokuqala, kuthathwa izilinganiso, i-parapet iyalungiswa, imifantu iyasuswa ngosizo lwe-galvanizing, siding. Ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa ifreyimu yozimele ezungeze umjikelezo.
Uhlelo lokufakwa kwamabhulokhi ewindi luyafana kuwo womabili ama-loggia amancane kanye nebhalkoni ende ende. Ngemuva kokufaka amawindi, i-pier iyafakwa. Leli phuzu kufanele linikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, ngoba ukufudumala yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu lapho kwandiswa isikhala segumbi elikhulu.
Ukufakwa kwe-balcony
Ukulungisa igumbi lokufakwa kungafaka ukuhlanza izindonga naphansi kusukela ekuqedeni okudala, ukuvala imifantu, ukwelapha indawo nge-antiseptic. Kungcono ukufeza ukufudumeza okushisayo ngobumba olwandisiwe nge-screed ekhanyayo. Isendlalelo esilandelayo yisistimu yokushisa kagesi.
Okokufaka odongeni naphansi, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinto ezingasindi ngevolumu ephansi. Ukufakwa okushisayo okuphezulu nokushisa okuphansi okuphansi kunakho: uboya bamatshe, igwebu le-polystyrene, igwebu le-polystyrene, i-polystyrene. Izinsizakusebenza zizohlinzeka ngokuvikela kahle amanzi, zivikele izindonga naphansi kwethonya lomusi.
Ukuhlukanisa ukuvulwa nokulinganisa phansi
Ukudiliza indawo yokuvula umsebenzi onzima onothuli. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokubhujiswa kokwahlukaniswa, kufanele ususe ifenisha ekamelweni, umboze izinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi nge-foil bese ulungisa nge-tape. Ukuphoqa kuqala ngokususa umnyango. Kumele iphakanyiswe futhi isuswe kumahinji. Kukhishwa ingilazi emafasiteleni, bese kukhishwa izikhala zohlaka. Uma zinamathele ngokuphephile, kufanele ziqale zisikwe nge-hacksaw.
Imvamisa irediyetha itholakala ngaphansi kwefasitela. Ayisuswanga ku-wiring, amapayipi ahlukaniswe nokukhuphuka. Ungabeka ngokushesha ibhethri endaweni entsha noma uhlehlise ukufakwa kuze kuphele umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa i-balcony negumbi.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokucekelwa phansi kwefasitela, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukwakheka kwalo. Uma yenziwe ngezitini, iphihlizwa ngesando. Isakhiwo sikakhonkolo sichithwa kusetshenziswa i-hammer drill noma i-grinder. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ama-notch nokusikeka, bese kukhishwa nge-sledgehammer.
Akuwona wonke umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kabusha okubandakanya ukususa umkhawulo wokulinganisa phansi. Kwezinye izitini, izindlu ze-monolithic, umkhawulo awuyona ingxenye yodonga. Iphihlizwa ngesando noma nge-puncher. Ezakhiweni zephaneli, umkhawulo awususwa. Ukuphela kwendlela yokulinganisa phansi ukukhuphula izinga layo kuvulandi nasekamelweni.
Ukuze wephule ngokushesha futhi kalula umkhawulo wesitini, ukushaywa kwesando kusetshenziswa ngqo ezinhlanganisweni zezakhi. Ngakho-ke ngeke zidilike futhi zisakazeke igumbi lonke.
Ungabeka kuphi ibhethri
Ukulahleka kokushisa kuvulandi noma i-loggia kusobala ukuthi kuphakeme kunasegumbini lokuphumula. Ngenxa yobuningi obuphansi bezindonga nokuba khona kokuvulwa okukhulu kwewindi, le ndawo idinga ukushisa kakhulu kunezinye.
Akunakwenzeka ukubeka ibhethri kuvulandi, ngoba ngokwanda kwenani lama-radiator efulethini, izakhamizi zizothola ukushisa okukhulu kunokuba kufanele. Lokhu kungalimaza omakhelwane ngezansi, ukuqina kwama-radiator abo kuzoncipha kakhulu. Okuwukuphela kwenketho yebhethri ukuyidlulisela odongeni oluseduze.
Imibono yokuklanywa kanye nezinketho zesikhala esihlanganisiwe
Ukuhlelwa kokushintshwa kusuka egumbini kuya kuvulandi kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi. Inketho efanelekile ikhethwe ngokuya ngezici zekamelo namakhono wezobuchwepheshe. Uma kuvulandi kungukuqhubeka kwegumbi, ukuvulwa kungenziwa ngendlela ye-arch. Ukuklanywa komhlaba kungenziwa ngezindwangu, iminyango eshelelayo, amakhethini okusonga. Ukulungisa endlini yephaneli kudinga ukugcwala kwewindi endaweni efanayo. Isici esingesihle sijule ngangokunokwenzeka, sikunike ukubonakala kwetafula, ibha yokuphikisa. Ekamelweni ngalinye, okunqunywa ukulihlanganisa kuvulandi, kunemibono eminingi yokuklama nokuklanywa.
Igumbi lokuhlala-kuvulandi
Inketho yokwakhiwa kabusha ethandwa kakhulu. Ukuphuma kuvulandi kuvame ukuhola kusuka ehholo, ngakho-ke isinqumo sokwengeza isikhala ngale ndlela sinesizathu esiphelele. Kunezinketho eziningi zokwakheka kokuvula. Ukuze amakamelo amabili abukeke ephelele, kuyadingeka ukubeka kahle imithombo yokukhanya, ukhethe izindwangu ezifanele zamawindi.
Ukuvulwa okuvelele kungafakwa umhlobiso ngokuhlobisa. Kungaba amakhethini alula okushelelayo, isikrini sephepha. Kungcono ukungafaki ifenisha lapho kuvulwa khona. Kufanele kube mahhala, njalo kutholakala ukudlula.
Izingxenye eziseceleni kanye nokwahlukanisa kuvame ukuhlelwa ngendlela yamakholomu. Uphahla olunezitezi eziningi luzosiza ukuqoka indawo eyengeziwe yokuzilibazisa. Isakhiwo esiseduze kwewindi egumbini lokuhlala elinjalo senziwa indawo yokuphumula, ihhovisi, i-mini-greenhouse.
Ikhishi-kuvulandi
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlanganisa kuvulandi nekhishi. Umqondo nokwakhiwa kokwakhiwa kabusha kuzoncika ekucushweni kwendawo yasekhishini, indawo nohlobo lwevulandi, umthwalo wokusebenza ofunekayo nezinye izinto. Ungaxhuma ikhishi kuvulandi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ngokuphelele. Le ndlela isebenzisa kakhulu isikhala esingeziwe. Phakathi kwekhishi nebhalkhoni, udonga ludilizwe ngokuphelele, umehluko wezinga phansi ulungiswa ngokulinganisa noma ngokufaka isinyathelo. Ukuvulwa kungenziwa ngesimo se-arch, amakholomu asemaceleni. Ikhishi elihlanganiswe ngokuphelele linokuhlelwa okungavamile futhi liyakhanya.
- Ngokwengxenye. Umbono wokuklanywa kwesikhala osetshenziswa kakhulu. Udonga ne-sill kuhlala endaweni. Kususwa iwindi nomnyango kuvulandi kuphela. Le ndlela yokuhlanganiswa ayisho ukuthi ukwahlukanisa okukhulu kwe-loggia.
- Akukho ukuqondanisa. Inketho yesabelomali yokujoyina ikuvumela ukuthi wenze indawo yokudlela engaphandle ethokomele ngaphandle kokuthuthuka okubizayo. Inkohliso yesikhala esivamile izokwakhiwa ngomnyango oshibilikayo esikhundleni sesakhiwo sebhalkhoni esijwayelekile, amawindi we-panoramic.
Igumbi lokulala
Kunemibono eminingi yokuhlobisa igumbi lokulala elihlanganisiwe kuvulandi. Isikhala egumbini lokulala nokuphumula singakhiwa njengamakamelo amabili azimele, aneziphetho ezihlukile nezikhombisi-ndlela zesitayela. Isikhala esingeziwe singasetshenziselwa ukufaka ikhabethe, sinikeze nehhovisi.
Uma ukuhlanganiswa kwekamelo lokulala nebhokisi kwenzeka ukwandisa isikhala, igumbi elinjalo kufanele lihlotshiswe ngesitayela esifanayo. I-sill sill isuswe ngokuphelele, kwenziwa isembozo esisodwa saphansi.
Kuvulandi wezingane
Ukuhlanganisa lezi zikhala ezimbili kuzokwandisa indawo esegumbini lezingane lemidlalo, ukugcinwa kwamathoyizi, okungokwakho. Endaweni evelayo, ungabeka ideski, i-rack enezincwadi, wenze ikona lezemidlalo, uhlomise indawo yokuphumula noma indawo yokubuka izinkanyezi.
Indawo ehlala unomphela yengane kufanele ivikelwe kahle. Ukuba khona kwemithombo yokukhanyisa yokufakelwa kuvulandi kuyadingeka. Akudingekile ukudiliza konke ukuvulwa kanye ne-sill window. Ububanzi obisele bungasetshenziswa njengetafula noma ishalofu lamabhuku.
Ezinganeni ezindala, ungahlela indawo yokusebenzela, umtapo wezincwadi kuvulandi. Idizayini yangaphakathi iyakhethwa kucatshangelwa izintshisekelo, ubudala, ubulili bengane. Ukuqeda endaweni emincane kwenziwa ngomphumela wokunweba, ngokwesibonelo, kusetshenziswa amaphethini amile.
Izinto zokuqeda nemibala
Umhlobiso wodonga wenziwa nganoma yiziphi izinto zokwakha, kuya ngesitayela, ukwakheka kwegumbi. Iphepha elifanele, iphepha lodonga eliwuketshezi, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa, amaphaneli epulasitiki. Kungcono ukwenqaba kusuka ulwelwesi olude nezinye izinto zokhuni. Ngenxa yokusondela kwewindi, izingxenye zokhuni zizoma futhi ziqhekeze. Ehholo, egumbini lokulala, kuvulandi onamathiselwe ungahlukaniswa ngosizo lokuqedwa kwamatshe abizayo.
I-Linoleum, amathayili, i-laminate asetshenziswa njenge-flooring. Ngokuklanywa, ukhaphethi, izinyathelo zifanelekile. Ukuhlobisa ophahleni kuya ngohlobo lokuxhuma kuvulandi. Uma kuyinhlanganisela ephelele, yenziwa ifane nasekamelweni elikhulu. Uphahla ngezinguqulo ezivaliwe, oluhlukaniswe ngamakholomu, ngefasitela, luhlotshiswe ngamapaneli epulasitiki, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa, upende.
Imibala yezinto zokuqedela phansi, uphahla, izindonga kufanele zihambisane futhi nezwi eliyisisekelo egumbini lokuphumula. Ukufakwa kwamatshe, imidwebo, izimbiza ezinezimbali ezintsha kungagqama. Ukuhlanganiswa kombala kukhethwa ngabanikazi bezindlu ngokwabo ngokubona kwabo.
Izici zokukhanyisa amakamelo ahlanganisiwe
Khetha uhlobo lwamalambu, inombolo yawo, indawo ngokuya ngenhloso yegumbi nokuhlelwa. Uma kuvulandi negumbi elikhulu lihlukanisiwe, khona-ke kufakwa i-chandelier endaweni yokuhlala, izibani ezibekiwe zibekwe endaweni eyengeziwe. Isifundo kanye neworkshop kugcwaliswa ngamasango odonga namalambu aphathekayo. Kuyadingeka ukuqhuba ukukhanya kuvulandi ohlangene ngokuhambisana neminye imithetho:
- Amandla athathwa ebhokisini lokuhlangana eliseduzane. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlanganisa izintambo, ukusonta ngokushintshwa;
- I-outlet ingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ukusuka phansi, kepha hhayi eduze;
- Ingxenye yocingo lwangaphakathi kufanele okungenani ibe yi-2 mm;
- Ikhebula libekwe phezu kophahla olungamanga noma lifihliwe odongeni.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlanganisa kuvulandi negumbi lokuphumula kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwakhiwa kabusha. Ukudilizwa kwe-sill sill, umkhawulo akuyona injabulo eshibhile, kepha umphumela uzojabulisa yonke imizi. Uma kukhona ukuphuma egumbini kuya ku-loggia, futhi akukho mingcele ekulungisweni, udinga ukudala isikhala esingeziwe ngaphandle kokungabaza. Ukuze ukuhlangana kungalethi izinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngokusemthethweni, kugcinwe ngokuqinile amakhodi wokwakha.
