Into yokuhlobisa ethokozisayo, njengensimu yedwala, iyingxenye yobuciko bamaBuddha. Lokhu akutholakali kunoma iyiphi enye isiko. Okungajwayelekile kwabaseYurophu, izingadi zefilosofi zinikezwe umusa nokulula okuhehayo. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuhlobisa ikotishi lasehlobo. Abaqambi banamuhla banikela ngezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa lo mbono. Ezweni lokuhlobisa okumangalisayo, eJapane, kungafakwa izingcweti kuphela. Ezifundeni zethu, wonke umuntu angakwazi ukufaka umhlobiso ongavamile ezweni ngezandla zakhe.
Umlando wezingadi zamatshe
Engadini yaseJapan, amatshe ayigobolondo osayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene abonisa izintaba. Zasetshenziswa okokuqala ngekhulu le-14. Indela kanye nompetha wokuhlobisa ingadi uMuso Soseki waba ngukhokho wezingoma ezihlukile. Amatshe ahlakazekile phansi ngendlela ethile akhombisa ukumelana nobunzima, impilo ende, ngoba ahlala engashintshiwe amakhulu eminyaka. Phambilini, zadalwa kuphela emathempelini nasezindlini zezindela, futhi inhloso yazo enkulu kwakuwukunikeza nje ubumnandi bobuhle.
Ngokwezwi nezwi, insimu yedwala ihunyushwa isuselwa eJapan ngokuthi "amanzi owomile nezintaba."
Ngokomlando, itilosi elilodwa lasindisa ufudu ekufeni. Futhi yena, njengesibonakaliso sokubonga, wambonisa esinye seziqhingi ezinhlanu lapho kuhlala khona ukungafi. Kusukela lapho, abantu baqala ukuhlobisa izindawo zabo ngokuhlobisa okunamadwala ngokuya ngemithetho ethile. Izakhi uqobo lwazo kufanele zingajwayelekile, futhi inombolo yazo ingaba ukuphindaphindwa kwamathathu noma amahlanu.
Isitayela nengadi
Ekuboneni kokuqala, kungabonakala sengathi amadwala namaminerali ahlukahlukene ekwakhiweni komgwaqo ahlelwe ngokuxokozela. Eqinisweni, indawo yokufaka izakhi ikhethwa ngokuya ngemithetho ethile. Okokuqala, bakhombisa iphuzu eliyinhloko lokuzindla. Ingadi izogxila kuyo. Amahora wokubheka okungenzeka ayacatshangelwa, ukuze angalimazi injabulo yokucabanga nelanga elishisayo nethunzi eleqile.
Izingadi zamadwala zaseJapan zihlala zingalingani, zigcwele izinto ezinobukhulu obuhlukile nobubunjwa. Ukuhlobisa akukaze kubekwe ngokufana. Zonke izinto kufanele zibonakale ngokucacile kunoma iyiphi i-angle yokubuka futhi zenze inethiwekhi yemigqa ye-geometric enemibala. Uma kukhona idamu esizeni, kufanele ucabangele umphumela wokukhonjiswa kwamatshe emanzini.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wensimu yedwala ukukusiza ungene futhi uphumule. Uma ubona konke ukwakheka, ungabona iziqhingi ezihehayo ezinamagagasi ezisuka kubo ziye kolunye uhlangothi.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokudala i-DIY
Kwabaningi, ingadi yamatshe idala umuzwa wokuthile. Kepha empeleni, ukufezekiswa komphumela wokungapheli kwenzeka ngokuya ngemithetho ethile. Lapho udala ukwakheka okunjalo kwe-landscape ngokwakho, udinga ukukhetha kuphela amatshe amatshe amatshe aqinile namatshe amancane. Akufanele nje babukeke behlakazekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uqale ucabange ngombono womdwebo. Qhathanisa nesithombe esenziwe ngomumo noma isithombe. Ukujula kokumba kukhethwa ngokuya ngesimo samatshe kanye nezici zezwe.
Imithetho ye-Feng Shui
Ingadi yedwala i-Feng Shui yenzelwe ukuphumula nokuvuselela amandla. Zonke izinto lapho zithathwa njengemithombo yokuphila futhi zifanekisela umhlaba. Kufanele zitholakale ngokwemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlobisa yinoma iyiphi into yamanzi esuselwa emfuleni noma echibini. Amatshe atholakala edamini azoncedisana.
Indlela eyinhloko yokuhlela ingadi eFeng Shui ukuqoka izindawo ezisebenzayo eceleni kwegridi yeBagua. Amanzi agijimayo afakwa kugridi yomsebenzi, indawo yokudlala endaweni yengane, endaweni yobungani nokubambisana, kufakwa i-gazebo, amabhentshi, amabhentshi. Amatshe amaflethi, izindlela ezinezinhlaka ezibushelelezi namajika engadini ye-feng shui awavunyelwe.
Kuphela izinto zangempela eziluhlaza ezilungele njengezinto zokugcwalisa, ngoba izinto zokwakha kuphela ezizosiza ekwaziseni ngobuhle bemvelo. Noma ikuphi ukulingiswa nokunye ukuhlobisa kwengadi kukhishiwe.
Ukulungiselela: ukukhethwa kwesayithi nokuhlelwa kwesiza
Noma iyiphi i-rockery, kungakhathalekile ubukhulu bayo, kufanele itholwe ngokwemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokuvumelana nokukhululeka kwesiza nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa. Okungajwayelekile kuzoba yipulatifomu ekahle yokubekwa kokwakhiwa. Ngisho umgodi noma igquma elingabonakali kakhulu lingaguqulwa libe yinto yokuqala yokwakhiwa. Uma isayithi liyi-flat ngokuphelele, amaconsi enziwa ngokuqanjwa ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Lapho ukhetha indawo, umuntu kufanele acabangele ubukhulu bezinto kanye nenhloso yokwakhiwa. Azikho izakhi zensimu yedwala okufanele zitholwe ekhoneni noma eduze kocingo. Kuzobukeka kufiphele futhi kunganambitheki, kufana nenqwaba yemfucuza elahliwe ngemuva kokwakhiwa. Uma ukubekwa okunjalo kudingekile, isiza kufanele sihlotshiswe kahle. Kungaba izitshalo ezikhuphukayo, izimbali ezinhle, izihlahla esihlokweni sokuhlelwa kwamatshe.
Izinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi
Ukwakha ingadi yamatshe yaseJapan, awudingi ukuthenga izinto ezintsha noma uku-oda izinto zokwakheka kohlobo oluthile. Yonke imininingwane yokwakheka kokuhlobisa itholakala egcekeni lakho. Lapho uhlela wedwa, kubalulekile ukuthi ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalelo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo ukuze uthole ukwakheka okuheha ngempela futhi okuthinta kahle. I-landscape yangempela ingadalwa kusuka ezintweni nakumathuluzi alandelayo:
- Amatshe amancane, izitini, amatshe amancane;
- Amapulangwe enkuni wokubiya;
- I-Geotextile;
- Amatshe amakhulu, izingxenye zamatshe;
- Ugwadule, isihlabathi;
- Imishini yokuhlenga base (ngokhuni, ngensimbi).
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziyisisekelo
Ukukhethwa kwamatshe, kanye nazo zonke izinto ezingeziwe, kufanele kusondelwe kahle. Kuyadingeka ukuwacosha khona manjalo ngenani elifanele ukuze angahlukani ngombala nangesakhiwo, ahlanganiswe kahle ekubunjweni okukodwa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi basuke endaweni efanayo, ngoba into ngayinye inobuntu bayo.
Okokuqala, udinga ukutadisha kahle itshe ngalinye, ukhethe isakhiwo esiphumelele kakhulu, uqoqe izingcezu zezihloko ezifanayo endaweni eyodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukunquma uhlangothi oluzophendukela kulo ekukhanyeni, bese wenza isisekelo esizinzile.
Lapho ukhetha amatshe, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi into ngayinye inesibopho sophawu oluthile. Isihlabathi esihle, amatshe amatshe, amatshe amancane - kufanekisela amanzi. Amatshe amatshe acabalele asho umhlaba, aphakeme asho isibhakabhaka, inqwaba yokuhlobisa okukhulu - izintaba noma iziqhingi.
Imithetho yokuqamba izingoma nokubeka amatshe
Ukuhlelwa kwamatshe esizeni kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngemithetho ethile. Abenzi bama-rockeries abangochwepheshe baqondiswa inqubo ye-sute-ishi. Inombolo yemininingwane eyinqaba kuphela engasetshenziswa ukudala ukwakheka. Akufanele nje balale phezulu. Kuyadingeka ukudala umphumela wokukhula kwabo okuphilayo okuvela enhlabathini, kujule ngokwanele.
Ukwakha ukwakheka kwezinto eziningana, kusetshenziswa amatshe osayizi abehlukene. Zonke izinto zikhethwa ngokwesilinganiso esifanele. Ukulinganisela amandla we-Yin-Yang, kufanele kube namatshe amaningi avundlile kunalawo amile mpo. Ukuhlobisa kwamatshe okuvundlile kuthambisa ithonya lezinto eziqondile ezifana nezihlahla, uthango, izakhiwo zezitini.
Isiza sokwakha ingadi yedwala sigcwele ngokuphelele isihlabathi noma i-gravel. Kusetshenziswa i-heptagonal geometric network ukuthola ibanga eliqondile. Izinto zibekwe ngqo empambanweni yenethiwekhi. Ezindaweni ezincane, kusetshenziswa ingxenye yaso kuphela.
Izinto ezingeziwe zokuhlelwa kwensimu
Izingoma zaseJapan azigcwaliswanga ngamatshe kuphela. Imidwebo elungile esihlabathini, izindlela ezitholakala ngqo, uthango, imithombo nezimpophoma kudlala indima ebalulekile. Amaphethini enziwa nge-rake elikhethekile, ngemuva kokucabangisisa ngendikimba yesithombe. Imigqa, imibuthano kufanele ilingane, ifane, ngokuvumelana nezwe elizungezile.
Izinto ze-opaque zisetshenziselwa ukubiya. Ifakwe ohlangothini olulodwa noma zombili zensimu futhi inikezwa umsebenzi wokudala umoya wobumfihlo. Kaningi basebenzisa udonga oluphansi olwenziwe ngamatshe, ukhonkolo, uqalo. I-Tsukubai izosiza ukuletha isici samandla ekwakhiweni. Amanzi angena emigqonyeni emincane yamatshe ngamapayipi, aletha ukunyakaza ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuthula kwensimu yamatshe.
Izibani zizosiza ukukhanyisa ukwakheka kwamatshe kusihlwa nasebusuku. Zenziwe ngezinto zokwakha zemvelo kuphela (ukhuni, itshe, i-pumice). Ukukhanya okuthobekile, isimo semfihlakalo sikuvumela ukuthi ubheke izinto ezijwayelekile ngendlela entsha.
Ukukhetha izitshalo zensimu yamatshe
Isimo sendawo esidaliwe kufanele kuqala silingise indawo enezintaba, kepha bheka njengemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Zonke izitshalo kumele zifane ngombala, umumo nosayizi. Futhi, izimbali kufanele zibe nezidingo ezifanayo zenhlabathi futhi zikhethe ngomakhelwane endaweni enamadwala. Esigabeni sokuhlela, ngaphambi kokutshala, zonke izimo zezolimo kufanele zinakwe. Ukukhethwa kwezimila engadini enamadwala kulandela le mithetho elandelayo:
- Kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo eziningana zezimbali. Emaqenjini amakhulu, azobukeka ehambisana ngokwengeziwe;
- Imithetho yombala kufanele ilandelwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthambisa kahle ukuguquka kusuka eqenjini elilodwa kuya kwelinye ngombala ongathathi hlangothi;
- Ukutshala okulinganayo engadini enamadwala akusetshenzisiwe. Amaqembu atholakala ngokungahleleki azobukeka engcono;
- Izimila ezinezimbali ezinde kunazo zonke zifanele ama-rockeries.
Ukunakekela ingadi yakho yedwala
Insimu enamadwala ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi. Kwanele ukugcina ukubukeka kwayo ngokunamathela kwezinye izincomo. Ukhula olukhula ngokushesha yinkinga enkulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ususe zonke izimpande ezikhula ngokujulile ngesikhathi sokulungiselela. Ngemuva kwalokho umhlaba uphathwa ngemithi yokubulala ukhula bese kubekwa ama-geotextiles. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izimila ezingafuneki zingaphinde zivele. Ukuze ungonakalisi ukubukeka kwensimu, kufanele isuswe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Imfucumfucu namaqabunga awile kungonakalisa ukubonakala kwezingoma ezinamadwala. Ukuze wenze ukuhlanza ngaphandle kwesithiyo, kufanele ucabangele ukufinyelela kunoma iyiphi indawo yama rockery noma lapho uhlela khona. Kungcono ukususa ukungcola nge-wire rake. Uma izitshalo zitshalwe kusayithi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabange ngohlelo lokunisela kanye nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukukhulelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuvuselela ukubukeka kwensimu yamatshe, isisekelo kufanele sivuselelwe okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Izingadi zamadwala ezidumile
Enye yezingadi zamadwala ezidume kakhulu ukwakheka okukhulu eKyoto. Inamatshe ayi-15 kubhuqu olumhlophe, ehlotshiswe ngobulembu obuhlaza. Ubungqayizivele bokwakheka butholakala kumphumela obukekayo omangalisayo. Noma ngabe uluphi uhlangothi, into eyodwa izohlala ifihliwe ekubukweni. Ngokomlando, umuntu okhanyiselwe futhi ohlanzwe ngokomoya kuphela ongayibona ngokugcwele ingadi.
Ingadi enamadwala edume ngokulinganayo itholakala eVietnam edolobheni laseNha Trang. Ekhepheni elihle kunamatshe emvelo ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlekisayo. Izinga lepolishi nokuvela kwemvelo okuheha izivakashi eziningi kule nsimu. Ipaki e-dendrological eKrasnodar Territory nayo ingaziqhayisa ngobuciko obufanayo bobuciko bepaki.
Isiphetho
Wonke umuntu angazimela ngokuzimela inkomba entsha yokwakheka kwezwe kusayithi labo lasekhaya. Ngokuya ngosayizi wendawo, ungahlela ipaki enkulu noma ukwakheka okuncane eduze kwendlu. Ngaphezu kwamatshe esimo esithandekayo, noma iziphi izinto ezitholakalayo zivame ukusetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, obhasikidi, imikhombe emidala, itafula.
