Akuwona wonke amafulethi anamakamelo amaningana angabhekwa njengabanzi futhi anethezekile. Ukuze uhlale ngokunethezeka komndeni wabantu abaningana, amakamelo kufanele ahlukaniswe futhi ahlukaniswe. Isici esiyinhloko sokuhlelwa kwendlu enamakamelo ama-3 ukuba khona kwendawo yokuhamba. Uma singekho isikhala esanele, ama-studio akwenze ngokususa ukwahlukanisa. Ukuhlelwa okunjalo futhi kungaba yiprojekthi ehleliwe ezakhiweni ezintsha emadolobheni amakhulu njengeSt. Petersburg, Orel neMoscow, amaningi esifundeni saseMoscow. Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zingahlukahluka kakhulu - ezivulekile, ezixubekile, eziseduze. Ngokubekwa kwamawindi, angahlukaniswa abe ngama-end, "amahembe angaphansi", aqondile.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezindlu nendawo ezikuyo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kwe-n-3m. Ikhono lokuhlela amakamelo ngokwehlukana kuncike onyakeni okwakhiwa ngawo isakhiwo nezinto zaso. Isikwele sephaneli inothi lama-ruble amathathu eKhrushchev lincane kakhulu. Amakamelo mancane futhi akhiwe kahle. Izindonga ezincanyana nendawo yokugezela ehlangene kuthinta kabi ukuthandwa kwendawo yokuhlala enjalo. Kepha ezinye izakhiwo ezindala ziziqhayisa ngamahholo abanzi, amaphaseji amade nosilingi ophakeme.
Ku-stalinka
Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinjalo kwaqala ngawo-1950. Izitini izakhiwo eziyizitezi ezinhlanu ezinesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe zazibhekwa njengezindlu ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngaleso sikhathi. Zakhiwa kuyo yonke iNyunyana. Babengabonakala eMinsk, eGomel, e-Orel, eKharkov, eBobruisk nakwamanye amadolobha. Izici eziyinhloko ze-stalinka enamakamelo ama-3 uphahla oluphakeme (amamitha ayi-3-4), indlu yokugezela ehlukile, amakamelo angawodwa.
Indawo efulethini incike kwinani lezitezi esakhiweni. Ngokuyinhloko anezitezi ezintathu. Izici zifaka ama-wills ebanzi, amakamelo okugcina. Ukugqagqana kungaba ukhonkolo, ukhuni noma kuxubekile. Izinzuzo zifaka indawo elula, ikakhulukazi enkabeni yamadolobha amakhulu, ukwahlukanisa okuhle kwemisindo.
EKhrushchev
Izindlu ezinjalo zakhiwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50 kuya kowe-1980. Ngalesi sikhathi, zaziphothulwa, zalungiswa. Ukuhleleka kwezindlu zokuhlala ezinamakamelo amathathu kwakungafaneleki kahle. Uphahla lwangaphakathi lwaluphansi futhi amakamelo ayemancane kakhulu. Izindonga zepaneli izakhiwo eziyizitezi ezinhlanu zazingavikelekile kahle, amakamelo ezakhiwo eziphakeme zaziseduze futhi enesikwele esincane.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70s, ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo kwamabhilidi angama-9 eKhrushchev kwaqala ngaphansi kohlelo olukhethekile luka-53 sq.m. Izakhiwo ezenziwe ngezitini namapaneli zaqala ukwenziwa ngcono, ukufakwa kwafinyelela ku-2.64 m. Ngenxa yokususwa komthwalo ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi, kwaba nokwenzeka ukwakha kabusha amakamelo angunxande.
Ku-brezhnevka
Amafulethi amakamelo ama-3 amaphakathi abhekwe njengamaphrojekthi athuthukisiwe weKhrushchev. Ayehlukaniswa ngamawindi amakhulu, ama-niches nama-mezzanines ephaseji noma ngaphezulu komnyango wangaphakathi. Indawo yazo zonke izakhiwo kusuka kuma-48 m2 kuze kufike ku-56.2 m2... Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lwamabhilidi zifaka ukuvikela amanzi kahle endlini yokugezela, ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe ngezitini, nokuba khona kwama-loggias avulekile.
Amanye ama-brezhnevkas anesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe futhi avuselelwe. Ezindlini zombhoshongo, amakhishi makhulu kakhulu. Izithombe zazo zifinyelela ku-10 m2... Iphaseji elincane lingenziwa lisebenze futhi likhuliswe ngokubonakalayo nge-wardrobe eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Uma izimo zezindlu zingakhuliswa kuphela ngokwakhiwa kabusha, zonke izenzo kufanele zihambisane. Ngemuva kokuthola imvume efanelekile, ungenza i-elite, izindlu zikanokusho kusuka ku-brezhnevka yakudala, uhlanganise amakamelo amaningana.
Lapho uhlela ukudilizwa kwezindonga endlini yokugezela, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi zonke izinto zamapayipi kufanele zihlale ezindaweni ezinqunywe ngumakhi esiteji sokudweba imidwebo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunamathuba amaningi okukhukhula.
Ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo zesimanje
Izakhiwo zanamuhla ezakhiweni ezintsha ze-monolithic zehluka kakhulu endaweni yase-brezhnevkas noma e-Khrushchevs. Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kokwakhiwa kube nomthelela kwikhwalithi yezakhiwo ezakhiwe. Amakamelo okuhamba ngezinyawo awavamile, futhi amafulethi asekhoneni anokufakwa kwangaphandle okuhle. Kukhona isikhala esanele sokwakha izindawo ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo ochungechungeni lwezindlu eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, 515 / 9ш, 504, 511, 464, 467, ii-18/12.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izici zesakhiwo zincike ohlotsheni lwesakhiwo uqobo lwaso. Uchungechunge lwesimanje lwamafulethi u-100, 135, 103, 119, 1605, 602, 121, 137, ii-49 lungahle lubukeke njengesitudiyo, isitudiyo esinqunyelwe esinehlukaniso esisodwa, "ivesti". Izinzuzo zale ndawo zifaka izinto ezilandelayo:
- Izinga eliphakeme lokunethezeka. Emafulethini amaningi, amakamelo okuhlala awanamngcele kumakheshi, izigaxa zikadoti;
- Ukuhlela kwamahhala ezakhiweni ezintsha kukuvumela ukuthi usabalalise isikhala ngokubona kwabahlali;
- Indawo elula yekhishi. Akunasibopho esibophezelayo endaweni yemishini yasendlini kanye nezitofu zegesi;
- Inqubo elula yokwakhiwa kabusha. Kusuka efulethini elinamagumbi amathathu, ungenza kalula ifulethi elinamakamelo amabili ngaphandle kwesivumelwano neBTI;
- Ukuhlelwa okungenzeka kwamazinga amabili, amawindi we-panoramic, i-balcony-terrace.
Okubi kakhulu kokuhlelwa kwe-65.4 emakhaya wanamuhla yi-geometry engathandeki. Imvamisa kunamakamelo ngendlela ye-trapezoid, enamakhona, izindonga eziyindilinga kolunye uhlangothi, amakholomu nezinye izici. Okubi kufaka phakathi iphaseji elingasebenzi futhi elingakhululekile. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu leminyango yamakamelo ahlukene, kunzima ukuyisebenzisa nokukunikeza.
Indawo yamakamelo
Izindlu ezakhiwe kusukela ngo-1992 zingathathwa njengezakhiwo zesimanje. Indawo yama-ruble amathathu inyuswe yaya ku-60m2. Kuvele kuvulandi ovulekile, ohlanganisa amakamelo amaningana, ama-loggias afakwe imigoqo. Uma indawo efulethini i-angular, elinye lamagumbi lenziwa ngokudlula, okwandisa isikwele salo. Izicathulo zeGym, ukwakhiwa kweLithuania noma izicathulo ze-polka ziyasebenza kakhulu. Ngenxa yendawo enhle ye-pantry, kuyenzeka ukuthi kunwetshwe iphaseji. Uma kunesidingo, ungenza ifulethi elinamakamelo amane elicatshangwe kahle kunothi elilula lama-ruble amathathu.
Ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo ezintsha eLeventsovka microdistrict kwehluke kakhulu. Izitudiyo zamahhala zithathwa njengezihamba phambili. Bayakuvumela ukuthi ubonise ukucabanga lapho uhlela, dala induduzo yangempela emakamelweni avulekile. Umklamo wamafulethi wesigaba sebhizinisi eBobruisk uhlinzekela isilinganiso esizuzisayo sendawo ephelele nosayizi wawo wonke amakamelo.
Ukuhlelwa kwamakamelo asembhoshongweni waseWulykh nokufana nawo kusuka ochungechungeni ii-68 ama noma "umkhumbi" kuthatha ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele kwendawo. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwezindonga ezithwala umthwalo, ukwakhiwa kabusha okuphelele kungenzeka. Inkinga yezakhiwo ezinjalo ukungafani kwamalunga ophahla.
Indawo efulethini
Ifulethi elinamagumbi amathathu esakhiweni esisha noma ngokusho kwephrojekthi yaseCzech luhlobo oluhlukile, oluphelele lwezindlu zomndeni owodwa. Indawo ejwayelekile kusuka ku-56.2 m2 kuze kufike ku-68 m2... Ngezinye izikhathi kunezindawo zokuhlala ezingama-75 m2. Amafulethi anjalo atholakala endaweni yokuhlala yaseBratsk Padun, emgodini weRostov. Amakamelo anendawo encane anezintambo ezikhethekile, isifunda, isihlangu. Iphaneli kagesi yesigaba esisodwa ibekwa emnyango.
Indawo yama-ruble amathathu incike ohlotsheni nasekwenzeni kwesakhiwo, kanye nenani lezitezi zesakhiwo. Wonke amaphrojekthi anevulandi, noma i-balcony ne-loggia. Izitezi zokuqala kungaba okuhlukile. Ezinye izakhiwo zesimanje zifakwe ikhishi elikhulu elingamamitha-skwele ayi-14 nezindlu zokugezela ezimbili, ngokwesibonelo, njengasesakhiweni sase-Vlasov suburban noma eLeventsovka microdistrict.
Ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyihlolisise ukwakheka: iseluleko sochwepheshe nezincomo
Inhlalakahle nomoya womndeni kuncike ekukhetheni okuyikho kokuhlela ngaphambi kokuthenga ifulethi. Kuya ngohlobo lwesakhiwo nochungechunge lwaso. Ukuhlelwa kwamakamelo kungaba ngezinhlobo eziningana. Ngoshintsho, kutholakala ama-studio avulekile. Ngemuva kokwenza umkhawulo ofanele, ungathola ifulethi elinemisebenzi eminingi futhi likhululekile ngesikwele esikhulu. Izintambo zikagesi zasendlini nengxenye yezintambo zidluliselwa odongeni olulodwa. Iphaneli kagesi iyiswa egumbini elikhethekile lokuvala emnyango. Izakhiwo zokwakhiwa ezinamakhona amancanyana noma abukhali zingadlalwa ngefenisha efanelekile.
Lapho kuhlolwa ukwakheka, okokuqala, indawo etholiwe iyabhekwa. Kungcono uma kusesitezi sesithathu. Bese unaka indawo yamakamelo, ubukhulu bawo, ukuma kwawo. Imininingwane ebalulekile - inani lamawindi, ubukhona be-loggia, kuvulandi, ubukhulu bawo. Kufanele unqume ngokushesha izindonga ezithwala umthwalo, ubukhulu bezingxenye. Kuyadingeka ukubala ibanga ukusuka kumnyango wangaphambili kuya kukheshi nakhukhasi kadoti.
Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi ukwakheka kwamahhala akusho neze ithuba elingenakuvinjelwa lokucekela phansi nokufaka izindonga. Zonke izingxenye zingafakwa ngokuqinile ngokohlelo lwe-BTI.
Ukuhlelwa kwefulethi elinamakamelo amathathu
Cishe noma yimuphi umklamo ulungele ifulethi elibanzi. Indawo enkulu iyindlela enhle yokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umbono onesibindi. Ilungiselelo elifanele kufanele likhethwe kucatshangelwa ukwakheka komndeni. Iminyango yangaphakathi kufanele ibe nobubanzi obutofotofo futhi isebenziseke kalula. Kufanele zivuleke kalula nangokuthula. Ezakhiweni ezintsha zanamuhla, izinketho zokuslayida zivame ukusetshenziswa.
Isiqhingi noma inhlonhlo kufanele ikhishi elibanzi. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-counter counter noma i-countertop. Amakamelo okuhlala amancane anikezwe ifenisha encane. Uma ufisa, ihholo lingahlanganiswa nephaseji.
Kufanele kube nezindawo ezanele nezishintshi ukufaka zonke izinto zikagesi ezisegumbini. Kufanele kube lula ukuxhuma.
Isiphetho
Lapho ukhetha ukwakhiwa kwendlu enamakamelo ama-3, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isitayela esisodwa singahle singakulungeli ukuhlela amakamelo kuphaneli nasendlini yezitini. Indawo ephelele yezindlu nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. I-Minimalism ilungele ama-quadrature amancane naphakathi; ungahlela kabusha amakamelo ngokubona kwakho. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, ungethula ngokuphepha imibono yasekuqaleni, usebenzise izikimu ezingejwayelekile, ugxile esithombeni.
