Yimuphi umuntu, one- "hacienda" yasedolobheni, ongaphuphi ngengadi kanokusho, lapho kungabi khona izithelo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezitshalo ezinhle zokuhlobisa? Izihlahlana ezisikwe kahle, izihlahla zokuhlobisa ingadi, ezisendaweni ezungeze ikotishi elikhulu noma indlu encane yezwe, zizokwakha indawo enhle yokuphumula ngemuva kwempilo enzima yansuku zonke, kuzoba ukuziqhenya kwabaninizo, isihloko somona "omhlophe" womakhelwane.
Indima yezihlahla zokuhlobisa, izihlahlana ezingadini
Izitshalo zokuhlobisa yiyona nto evame ukuntuleka kuma-dachas enzelwe ukuvuna kuphela. Noma kunjalo, indima yabo inkulu kakhulu:
- ukuhlobisa isayithi, ulinikeze ukubukeka kobuhle;
- ukugcwala kwemvelo ngeoksijini, ukumunca isikhutha;
- ukudedelwa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene eziwusizo emoyeni;
- lapho utshala ngasemkhawulweni wesiza - ukuvikelwa kwabantu, izithelo zezithelo othulini, ukungcoliswa kwegesi;
- ngosuku olushisayo, imiqhele eminyene yezihlahla izokhosela abanikazi bendlwana yasehlobo emthunzini wabo ekushiseni kwasehlobo;
- "IHedge" izovikela indawo ngocingo oluphansi noma olunemeshini ekuhloleni amehlo;
- Izihlahla eziwugqinsi ezihlobisa uthango ngeke zivumele imimoya enamandla ukuthi ithinte izitshalo zemifino kanye namajikijolo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zijabulisa iso ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene - ezinye ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ezinye - kusukela lapho amaqabunga evela aze awele, futhi ama-conifers - cishe unyaka wonke.
Yiziphi izihlahla okufanele uzitshale: nquma ngokukhetha
Ukukhethwa kwezihlahla zokuhlobisa ezifanele kuncike kwisimo sezulu esifundeni, ubukhulu bendawo engadini, okuthandwa ngabanikazi bezingadi, kanye namandla abo wezezimali. Ezingxenyeni ezibandayo zasenyakatho, kungcono ukuthola izinhlobo ezingamelana nesithwathwa - izinhlobo zaseningizimu kuzofanele zifakwe ngokungeziwe, futhi lokhu kuyinkinga engadingekile, ikakhulukazi uma kunezihlahla eziningi ezinjalo. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukukhetha izitshalo ezifanelekile kuncane, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha kakhulu ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, i-asidi yayo, imvamisa yokuchelela, okubaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni ezomile.
Izihlahla ezinde ezinemiqhele ebanzi zibekwa ezindaweni ezinkulu, ezibanzi, kepha ezindaweni ezikhawulelwe le ndlela ayamukeleki - izinhlobo ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuthungela isikhala cishe ngokuphelele, zivimbele ukuthi ezincane zikhule ngokujwayelekile.
Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zithenga izihlahla ezinamabhavu aphansi, okuyizinto eziyinqaba kakhulu - zichitha ihlobo ngaphandle nangasebusika endlini.
Ukukhetha izihlahla ngamapharamitha wensimu
Izihlahla zokuhlobisa zihlukaniswe zaba:
- ngaphansi - ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-10. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: i-birch enesibindi, i-birch kaJung, i-hawthorn enobuhlungu, umlotha okhalayo, i-maple emise okwesundu, i-acacia ephuzi, i-quince yaseJapan, umjunipha we-dahurian, ubhontshisi;
- okulingene - cishe ngo-10-15 m ubude. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: i-maple eluhlaza, imephu yaseTatar, i-thuja esentshonalanga, umlotha ovamile wasentabeni, umlotha okhalayo, i-birch ekhalayo
- ubude - okungenani u-15 m ukuphakama. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: i-oki, i-linden, i-spruce ejwayelekile, i-chestnut, i-beech yehlathi, i-maple yendiza.
Izitshalo ezinokhuni ezinde zakha ukugqama kwesikhala, indawo enezinhlangothi ezintathu, zinikeza isithunzi esiningi, zakha umuzwa wokuphepha. Ezizeni ezincane, ngisho nezihlahla zemitha ezintathu kuya kwezine zizoba zinde, ezinkulu - ezinkulu imitha engu-25-30. Njengengxenye yezingoma ezahlukahlukene zokhuni, izinhlobo zemifino yezihlahla ezijwayelekile ziyasetshenziswa - ezingekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5 ukuphakama. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlanganisa izinketho eziningana engadini yakho, kwakheka izindawo ezihlukile.
Izinhlobo zezihlahla
Zonke izitshalo zemihlobiso ezihlukanisiwe zihlukaniswe zaba:
- ama-conifers - imbewu yawo iyakhula, ivuthwe ngezigaxa zezimo ezahlukahlukene. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zinamaqabunga amise okwenaliti anobude obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu obukhulu noma obungenayo i-waxy; kwezinye izinhlobo, amahlamvu acabalele, anamaxolo;
- izitshalo eziqhakazile - eziqhakazayo ezinamaqabunga aphethiloli. Amahlamvu anokumiswa okuhlukahlukene, okusukela kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuye kobomvu klebhu. Amaqabunga aqhakaza entwasahlobo futhi abune futhi awele ekwindla;
- izithelo zokuhlobisa - izinhlobo zezihlahla zezithelo ezejwayelekile, zivame ukuba nokuphakama okuncane, izithelo ezincane, amaqabunga amahle;
- izinhlobo ezingaphandle ziyizinhlobo ezingenisiwe, ngokuvamile azivumelani nesimo sezulu samabanga aphakathi nendawo. Imvamisa zidinga indawo yokuzivikela lapho kuqala ukubanda.
AmaConifers
Okungaziphathi kahle, ikakhulukazi okude, yize izinhlobo ezincane nazo zitholakala, zingakhula kahle cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi.
Incazelo yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezinamagama:
- umjunipha - ukhula ezindaweni ezikhanyayo noma ezinomthunzi ophakathi nendawo, uncamela inhlabathi emunca umswakama, elula, evulekile. Ukuvalwa kwamanzi okuqinile akubekezeleli kahle, ngakho-ke kuvame ukutshalwa emithambekeni, emadwaleni, emibhedeni ephakeme yezimbali. Izinhlobo: IsiShayina - sinombala obhedu-ophuzi, ukuphakama kuze kufike kumamitha amabili, okuvundlile - izinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kukhula kuze kufike ku-50 cm, i-scaly - ikhula ngenkuthalo ngobubanzi, ukuphakama cishe ngama-30 cm;
- Iphayini - ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinelanga, ezinesihlabathi, ayikubekezeleli ukugcwala kwamanzi ngokweqile. Kunezinhlobo ezivamile nezincane. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwayo yiphayini lentaba elinezinaliti eziphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, eminyakeni eyishumi likhula lingadluli isigamu semitha, libanda kahle ngaphansi kweqhwa;
- i-spruce - ama-specimens amahle akhula emanzini, kepha hhayi omile ngokweqile, amaxhaphozi. Izinhlobonhlobo: ezijwayelekile - ezinezinaliti eziluhlaza okomnyama, eminyakeni eyi-10 ikhula ifike kumamitha amabili, ikhala - amagatsha amade awela phansi emhlabathini, isitshalo esidala asikho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili, ngokusobala - umbala o-silvery-bluish, isitshalo esidala sifinyelela ku-3 m;
- i-fir - idinga inhlabathi evundile, ebekezelela kakhulu umthunzi, ikhula kancane, kepha ingafinyelela ku-20-50 m Umbala - kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kusiliva. Izinhlobo ezidumile yi-Arizona, iBalsamic, isiKorea;
- I-thuja - ikhula kahle emhlabathini ovulekile, omanzi, onamakhalidi, cishe ongonakalisiwe yizilokazane, unesimo se-pyramidal. Okuvame kakhulu yiCanada, ikama, i-elegant lima.
Inqabile
I-deciduous inomphumela wokuhlobisa ophakeme, unamaqabunga ezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Abamele abavelele:
- I-Manchurian maple - ephakeme - efinyelela ku-20 m, isitshalo esincane, esihle sezinyosi, ekuqaleni sasingeniswe eMpumalanga Ekude. Amacembe ama-trifoliate aluhlaza ehlobo, abomvu-orenji ekwindla. Uthanda ilanga, inhlabathi evundile, kepha emelana nesomiso, emelana namakhaza;
- i-maple yesiliva - ikhula ifike kumamitha angama-35-40 ukuphakama, ukumelana namakhaza, i-photophilous, ikhula ngokushesha, idinga umswakama omningi. Amaqabunga anamaqabunga amahlanu, aluhlaza ehlobo, aphuzi, abomvu-orange, i-burgundy ekwindla. I-Maple iqala ukuqhakaza ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga;
- i-fluffy birch - engathobekile, emelana nesithwathwa, emelana nomoya, ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama. Umqhele waso uvulekile, cishe sonke isiqu simhlophe. Imbewu ilula, isakazeka ngokushesha emabangeni amade, amahlumela amasha - nge-fluff;
- i-diroping birch, noma i-warty, - inokuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-35, iyamelana nesomiso, ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinelanga, ezinomswakama. Umqhele uyakhala, uvulekile, amahlamvu aluhlaza ehlobo, aphuzi ekwindla.
Izithelo zokuhlobisa
Izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlamvu ezihlanganisiwe, ezijwayelwe kahle ezimeni ezinzima zesimo sezulu esipholile, zenza sikwazi ukuhlela kahle ikotishi lasehlobo, noma ngabe kunomonakalo omncane wokuveza, izakhiwo zokudla okunempilo.
Okuvame kakhulu:
- isihlahla sama-apula esinezithelo ezincane - siphansi: sikhula size sifike kumamitha ayi-6-10, sihlukaniswa nobulukhuni obuhle basebusika, bakhetha inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi. Umqhele uyasabalala, amaqabunga aqanda, aluhlaza ehlobo, abomvu-olintshi ekwindla. Izimbali zimhlophe-pink, izithelo zincane, kaningi zibomvu;
- I-Kiku-Shidare cherry noma i-sakura - ithanda izindawo ezinelanga, ezinokuthula, ezinomsoco ngokulinganisela. Amamitha amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ubude, amagatsha alenga phansi, amaqabunga acwebezelayo aluhlaza ehlobo, o-orenji ophuzi ekwindla. Iqhakaza kakhulu ngezimbali ezinkulu ezibomvana, izithelo ezincane;
- i-pear yokukhala ye-willow - ukungafuni emhlabathini, ukuphakama - kuze kufike kumamitha amathathu, amaqabunga e-silvery, avame ukugcinwa ebusika, izimbali ezimhlophe, izithelo ezingenakudliwa, ezincane. Amahlamvu, izithelo zigcinwa esihlahleni ebusika.
Izihlahla ezingaphandle
Lezi zinhlobo zilethwe ikakhulukazi zivela emazweni ashisayo, eziningi ziye zajwayela kahle isimo sezulu sendawo, ezinye zidinga "ukufudumala" uma kulindelwe ubusika besithwathwa.
Izinhlobo ezivame ukukhula:
- I-Ash's magnolia ayikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa, ithanda inhlabathi eswakanyiswe kahle, ekhanyayo, enelanga, nezindawo ezinokuthula. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-6-7 ubude. Umbala wamaqabunga uvela kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuye kwesiliva-mpunga, izimbali zinkulu - zifinyelela ku-30 cm ububanzi, zimhlophe;
- Isihlahla esibomvu saseJapane noma i-gingerbread - sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle, kepha ukusha kungenzeka kusuka elangeni eliqondile. Uthanda inhlabathi emanzi, ene-asidi encane. Amahlamvu amise okwenhliziyo, i-satin e-pinkish entwasahlobo, onsomi wegolide ekwindla;
- Ukuqothula i-tekoma-kampsis - ukumelana nesithwathwa, kudinga ukuchelela okuningi, okuhlala isikhathi eside, i-liana enezimpande zasemoyeni, ezimiswe kunoma yikuphi ukusekelwa. Ukuphakama 5-15 amamitha, izimbali - insimbi emise okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi noma obomvu-orange;
- i-brugmansia enephunga elimnandi - ithanda inhlabathi "enonile", ukukhanya okuningi, ayihlukile ekumelaneni nesithwathwa - idinga indawo yokukhosela enokwethenjelwa ebusika noma ekhula ezitsheni, ukuphakama kuze kufike kumamitha amane kuya kwamahlanu. Izimbali - kufika ku-30 cm ubude, umbala wazo uluhlaza-mhlophe.
Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezihlahla
Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezingamelana nesithwathwa zifaka:
- IDoorenbos birch iyi-birch emhlophe ekhanyayo enezici eziningi, ilungele inhlabathi yokuzala okuphakathi. Amaqabunga makhulu, izimbali ziningi, azigqamile, ukuphakama kungafika kumamitha ayi-15;
- INorway maple Royal Red - ithanda ilanga, ayifuni ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, kepha ayemukeli izindawo ezinamachibi. Ukuphakama - kungafika kumamitha angama-20, amaqabunga - anamafoloba amahlanu noma anamafolo ayisikhombisa, abomvu entwasahlobo, abomvu-omnyama ekwindla;
- URowan ojwayelekile - obekezelela umthunzi, ukhula cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi evulekile. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-5 kuya kwayi-10, amahlamvu anezimpaphe, izimbali ezincane, izithelo ezimhlophe eziphuzi, izithelo ezinjengejikijolo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zokuhlobisa
Izihlahlana zehluke ezihlahleni ngosayizi wazo, kusuka otshanini - lapho kuneziqu ezinamandla.
Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-quince yaseJapan - edinga ukukhanya, emelana nesomiso, ikhetha inhlabathi elula, umswakama ophakathi. Emakhazeni amakhulu, kudinga indawo yokuhlala. Izithelo ziphuzi, azivuthwa ezindaweni ezibandayo;
- i-forsythia - ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinelanga, inhlabathi ekhanyayo evundile, iqhakaza ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga, izimbali ziphuzi, zincane;
- i-scumpia - ikhula emazweni avundile, ukuphakama kungamamitha amathathu, ehlobo amahlamvu aluhlaza, ekwindla - ophuzi-o-orenji noma obomvu-burgundy. Izimbali zimhlophe-pink noma ziphuzi mhlophe;
- i-fieldfare - ikhula enhlabathini ekhanyayo, i-photophilous ngokulinganisela, ifana ne-rowan ngezimbali namaqabunga, ekwindla amahlamvu aphenduka kusuka eluhlaza kuya kwegolide.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokukhula, ukunakekelwa
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo ezinokhuni zidinga izimo ezahlukahlukene zokukhula okujwayelekile, ukulondolozwa kokuhlobisa. Izincomo ezisemqoka:
- ukwakheka komqhele kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila;
- ukuthenwa kwendle ngonyaka;
- entwasahlobo - umcako omhlophe ukuvikela elangeni;
- ukubulala izinambuzane nezifo ngokufafaza;
- ukufakwa kwezicupho ze-hares, amagundane;
- ukondla okulungile ngokukhula okujwayelekile, ukuthela izithelo;
- ukuchelela njalo kwesomiso, ukushisa;
- ekwindla - amavolontiya okuvuna, amaqabunga abolile;
- ebusika - ukuxukuza iqhwa emagatsheni, ukuvikela izinhlobo ezingamelana nesithwathwa.
Izimiso zokuhlelwa kwezihlahla engadini, inhlanganisela yazo nezinye izitshalo
Lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlela ingadi:
- ejwayelekile - imvamisa iphakathi noma iphansi, inomqhele osondelene nebhola elisesimweni;
- izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhala;
- izithelo ezincane, izihlahla ezinamakhasi amaningi;
- nzalo yama-columnar.
Izihlahla zihlelwe ngomugqa owodwa noma emibili, ngayinye ngayinye, ngokusho kwephethini ethile, ngamaqembu enani elingalingani labamele izinhlobo ezifanayo, ezihlukile. Kungenzeka ukwakheka okuthiwa ama-bosquettes - ama-mini-groves, okuthi, ngosizo lokugunda izinwele, akhiwe abe "uthango oluphilayo" oluningi, asebenzise zombili izinhlobo ze-coniferous kanye ne-deciduous.
Lapho kunezikhala ezinkulu kakhulu, ezinye izihlahla zisetshenziswa njengezikelemu - izitshalo ezithanda ukukhanya ezitshalwe endaweni evulekile. Imvamisa bayahlukanisa isiqu ukuze isihlahla sivele sibe segatsha ngangokunokwenzeka, sisakaze, futhi sitshalwe kancane. Kwezinye izimo, abalimi, besebenzisa amasu akhethekile, bakha okuyindilinga, okuyindilinga, isambulela, iphiramidi, umqhele wokukhala. Ngokuvamile - izitshalo eziningana ezifanayo zitshalwe eduze komunye nomunye, kancane kancane zicishe zikhule ndawonye, ukusuka kude zibukeka njengezinye.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlanganisa kahle izakhi zezikhala eziluhlaza - akuzona zonke izitshalo ezingabangane. Isibonelo, i-jasmine, i-lilac, i-fir, i-chestnut yamahhashi inomthelela omubi ekukhuleni kwamapheya, ama-apula, futhi kungcono ukuthi ungatshali lutho eduze kwama-mulberry, ama-sea buckthorns. Izitshalo eziningi zezithelo azikubekezeleli ukusondelana ne-birch, maple, nama-conifers amaningi. Iphayini, i-spruce, ne-fir ziqinisa kakhulu inhlabathi, engamukeleki kwizithelo zamatshe nezinhlobo zepome. Uma kune-oki, willow, poplar engadini, amaqabunga awo awile kufanele asuswe ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukubola. Izinhlobo ezithile zezihlahla zinama-phytotoxin adedelwa emoyeni - angenabungozi kubantu, alimaza kabi ezinye izimila.
Ngisho nezihlahla zezinhlobo ezifanayo ziyakwazi ukuvimbela ukukhula komunye nomunye ngokuqina ngokweqile kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke, ubukhulu, ukuma komqhele, kanye nezimpande zezinhlobo ezithile ziyabhekwa.
Isiphetho
Izihlahla ze-coniferous and deciduous, underersized and huge, izihlahla zizohlobisa, zikhulise noma iyiphi indawo yendlu, zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-cottage yasehlobo hhayi nje ukumba amazambane, ukhula izaqathe, ukufafaza utamatisi, kepha futhi nokuphumula okuhle, ukudala izikhathi zokuqala zezithombe zasekhaya ezibhekene nesizinda "sokuhlobisa" zikhule ngezandla zabo.
