Indawo yomlilo namuhla ayisebenzi kangako njengezinto zokufudumeza, njengoba kwakuyinsika ezinsukwini zakudala. Vele kungashisa futhi kunethezeke ngokwengeziwe, kepha inhloso yayo enkulu endlini yangasese noma efulethini ledolobha ukuhlobisa. Igumbi lokuphumula ngokushesha lithatha izici zokunethezeka nezicukuthwane. Uhleli ngasemthonjeni wokushisa nenkomishi yekhofi kusihlwa ebusika, futhi ngemuva kosuku olumatasa emsebenzini, ungakhululeka ungacabangi ngalutho, noma ubuke i-TV nje.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamamodeli wesimanje kufaka inani elikhulu lazo zonke izinhlobo zezinketho zakudala nezasekuqaleni. Enye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu yindawo yomlilo ekhoneni ngaphakathi.
Izinhlobo zezindawo zokubasa umlilo
Ngokuya ngohlobo lukaphethiloli, indlela yokufaka, isitayela nendawo, amamodeli ayizinhlobo ezahlukene: ukhuni, igesi, ugesi, phansi, udonga, iqonde, ikona, itshe, izingodo. Kukhona amadivayisi angadingi ngisho noshimula. Azikhiphi izinto eziyingozi emkhathini, yize zisebenza ngokomthetho ophilayo.
Izinketho ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zithatha isikhala esincane, kepha isikhala sazo kufanele sicatshangwe kusengaphambili lapho kuklanywa ingaphakathi ukuze kungaphazanyiswa ukwakheka kwezindonga. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokufaka okokusebenza ngemuva kokuvuselelwa, inketho engcono kakhulu iziko elibekwe odongeni. Ngokuqondene nomhlobiso wangaphandle, ungenziwa ngamatshe, izitini, nezinye izinto.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okushiwo ngenhla, iziqhingi nezindawo zomlilo ziyathandwa - zingena ngaphakathi emzimbeni, zibe yingxenye yazo ebalulekile.
Idizayini nezinzuzo
Ubuhle bamamodeli ekhoneni abunakuphikwa. Okuyinhloko ukonga okuphawulekayo esikhaleni samahhala. Ukuba sekhoneni, indawo yokubasa umlilo ayihluphi muntu, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ifeza yonke imisebenzi yayo esebenzayo nokuhlobisa ngokugcwele. Ishimula elikulo mklamo litholakala kunoma yiziphi izindonga.
Ngokwakheka kwazo, izindawo zokubasa umlilo zasekhoneni zihlangene kakhulu, zingafakwa hhayi kuphela egumbini elikhulu lokuphumula, kepha nasemakamelweni anendawo encane - ngokwesibonelo, ekamelweni lokulala noma ehhovisi. Ngenxa yendawo ephakathi kwezindonga ezimbili, umklamo onjalo ushisa amakamelo angomakhelwane, nawo futhi alula kakhulu futhi asebenzayo. Amamodeli wekhoneni angalingana noma angalingani.
Izindawo zomlilo ezingenakulinganiswa
Lezi zinhlobo zicacile ukuthi zingunxande futhi zilingana ngqo ekhoneni. Ngakho-ke, isikhala siyalondolozwa futhi iziko lingena kahle ngisho naphakathi nendawo lapho kunganikezwa khona leyo mishini. I-chimney nayo ingafakwa kalula odongeni oluseduze.
Indawo yomlilo engenakulinganiswa ivame ukusetshenziswa njengohlobo lwento yokuklanywa kwegumbi. Okuningi ekuboneni kwengaphakathi lilonke kuncike ekubekweni kwezingubo nokwakheka kwangaphandle kweziko lomlilo, kepha lena imibuzo yabaklami abangochwepheshe. Uma ufisa, ungabona isithombe, ukhethe okungcono kakhulu.
Izindawo zomlilo ezilinganayo
Amamodeli we-symmetrical anconywa ukuthi afakwe emakamelweni lapho kungekho mbuzo wokonga isikhala. Le nketho ifakwe ekhoneni. Ngokombono wedizayini, indawo yomlilo e-angular ibonwa kangcono ngokubonakalayo, ngoba umlilo ubonakala kunoma yikuphi egumbini. Ngokombono osebenzayo, le nketho yamukeleka kakhulu, ngoba indawo yomlilo ehambisanayo ibhekana nomsebenzi wokushisa kangcono, ngokungafani namanye amamodeli.
Indawo yokubasa umlilo ekhoneni ingaba yemvelo futhi ibe yokuhlobisa kuphela, okungukuthi, hhayi ukufudumeza ikhaya, kodwa ukumane ubukeke kahle. Kulokhu, umnikazi wendlu ususa inkinga yokufaka ushimula, okonga kakhulu isikhathi nemali.
Isitofu somlilo
Umsebenzi omkhulu wesitofu somlilo ukushisa igumbi. Amamodeli anjalo amatshe, insimbi. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa isakhiwo ekuphekeni, kufanele ufake isitofu somlilo ngesitofu lapho i-hob ekhethekile yakhiwe emshinini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinketho ngehhavini noma amamodeli wokuhlanganisa.
Vele, akunconywa ukufaka izitofu ezinjalo egumbini lokuphumula, noma ngabe kukhona i-hood enamandla, kepha ekamelweni elikhulu lekhishi-lokudlela le nketho ifanelekile. Izitofu eziningi zomlilo zanamuhla zifakwa izinsimbi ezincane. Banokudlulisa ukushisa okuphezulu futhi bayakwazi ukushisa igumbi kuze kufike ku-80-90 sq.m.
Ungafaka kuphi
Abanikazi besikhathi esizayo bezindawo zokubasa umlilo bavame ukuzibuza lo mbuzo: ikuphi indawo engcono yokufaka iziko lekhoneni ukuze lihle futhi lisebenze? Indawo yokubasa umlilo ifakwe odongeni lwangaphakathi noma lwangaphandle. Uma ukhetha inketho yokuqala, ubunzima bokufaka bungavela ngenxa yokuphakama kwoshimula. Esimweni sesibili, ukufakwa akunazinkinga kangako, kepha kudinga imvume yangaphambilini evela kuziphathimandla ezifanele.
Noma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lwendawo yomlilo oyikhethayo (ngaphandle kwendawo yomlilo kagesi), konke okuphathelene nokuba khona komlilo kufanele kufakwe ngokuya ngezidingo zokuphepha komlilo. Konke okunye kungokubona komnikazi. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi, akunconywa ukufaka indawo yokubasa umlilo phambi kwamawindi neminyango yokungena, ukuze ugweme okusalungiswa.
Uma iziko lihlangana kahle nodonga, qiniseka ukufaka ungqimba olungamelana nokushisa ngosayizi okungenani ongu-20 mm. Ukufakwa esitezi sokhuni kudinga nokuvikelwa okwengeziwe ngesimo sensimbi esibekwe ezungeze iziko.
Iyiphi indawo yomlilo ekhoneni ongayikhethela igumbi lokuphumula
Egumbini lokuphumula, lapho kuvame ukuba nesikhala esanele, kunconywa ukufaka indawo yokubasa enomlilo ethandanayo, eduze kwayo ongabeka kuyo izihlalo ezimbalwa ezinhle, itafula lokuphuza itiye - kungani kungabi umbono omuhle? Kodwa-ke, izimo zokushisa kufanele zicatshangelwe, ngoba akukho lutho olujabulisayo ngokuthi, ukuhlala eduze neziko, ukuzwa ukushisa, hhayi ukufudumala okumnandi.
Lapho ufaka iziko egumbini lokuphumula, kufanele futhi ucabangele isitayela esijwayelekile segumbi. Ama-Classics abukeka engenangqondo ngokuhlangana nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, njengeProvence ayinabo ubuciko be-pop.
Ibhokisi lomlilo lezitini
Endlini yezwe, izitini zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ibhokisi lomlilo. Iyinto ephephe kunazo zonke futhi ehlala isikhathi eside enezinto ezinhle zokushisa nokushisa okuphezulu. Noma kukhona isithwathwa esibi ngaphandle kwamafasitela, ibhokisi lomlilo lezitini lishisa ngokushesha futhi ligcina ukushisa endlini isikhathi eside.
Isitini asimelani nethonya langaphandle nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke amabhokisi omlilo wezitini abhekwa njengathembekile futhi aqinile. Akudingi ukuhlanzwa kaningi njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, i-cast iron. Izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokumelana nokushisa (chamotte) azikhiphi izinto ezinobungozi emkhathini. Ukufaka ibhokisi lomlilo lezitini kudinga isisekelo esihle esihlukile, njengoba indawo yomlilo inzima impela. Isisindo esimaphakathi singama-450-500 kg, futhi akuzona zonke izisekelo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nalesi sisindo. Isisekelo sihlotshiswe ngezinto ezikhethekile zokuphikisa - ngokwesibonelo, amathayili emabula.
Ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kolwazi olukhethekile, akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuzobekwa ibhokisi lomlilo lezitini, ngakho-ke kunconywa uku-oda insiza kumenzi wesitofu ofanelekayo ozokwenza iziko ngokulandela yonke imithetho yokuphepha.
Ibhokisi lomlilo lensimbi
Abantu abaningi bathanda amabhokisi omlilo ensimbi aqinile angamelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu. Indawo yokubasa umlilo ayenzi mnyama, ayipheli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igcina ukushisa isikhathi eside kakhulu, iyakwazi ukushisa izindawo ezinkulu, ezonga kakhulu izindleko zokugcinwa kwazo.
Ungathenga ibhokisi lomlilo lensimbi elilungiselelwe, noma ulihlanganise ngokwakho, ngosizo lochwepheshe. Indawo yokubasa umlilo yensimbi inentengo ephansi uma iqhathaniswa neyetshe noma yezitini, nakho okuyinzuzo yayo.
Musa ukupholisa ibhokisi lomlilo lensimbi elibukhali. Uma udinga ukupholisa ngokushesha le ndawo yomlilo, ungatheleli amanzi e-ice kuyo.
Ngezandla zakho
Uma unamakhono anele okwakha futhi uqonda umgomo wokusebenza kwezitofu nezinye izinto zokushisa, ungakha iziko lomlilo ngezandla zakho. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi uzokonga malini ezintweni zokwakha, kepha umsebenzi uzophuma mahhala mahhala, ngaphandle uma-ke kufanele wenze noma yini ngokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufakwa kwendawo yokubasa umlilo, kubalulekile ukudweba iphrojekthi yokuqala kuyo yonke imininingwane futhi uhlele ngokucophelela zonke izigaba zomsebenzi. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlinzekela okusalungiswa okuhle, indawo elungile ngoshimula, indawo efanelekile yeziko uqobo. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwesakhiwo sonke, kuzoba nzima ukwenza kabusha okuthile, ikakhulukazi uma indawo yomlilo yakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Izinto zokwakha
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lomlilo okhetha ukumisa kulo, uzodinga izinto eziningi zokwakha. Okokuqala, kufanele unakekele ukuvimbela ngokuphelele amanzi, okungasebenza njengezinto zokufulela, i-polyethylene. Udinga nokubeka isamba esanele, itshe elichoboziwe, usimende, ubumba, okuzoba wusizo ekwenzeni udaka nezinye izinhloso zokwakha.
Enqubeni yokwenza indawo yokubasa umlilo, uzodinga amabhodi noma amashidi wensimbi we-formwork, i-mesh, izinduku zokuqinisa ukhonkolo.
Ekwenzeni ngqo iziko nomlilo, kusetshenziswa izinto zokwakha, kuya ngohlobo lwemishini yokushisa. Kungaba isitini (esilula futhi esingenamlilo), izingxenye zensimbi, njll.
Ukulungiselela nemigqa yokuqala
Okokuqala, kufanele unakekele isisekelo, okufanele sibe sikhulu kunesisekelo seziko uqobo. Ukwakha isisekelo, kufanele umbe umgodi, bese uwunyathela kahle umgodi bese uwugcwalisa ngesihlabathi esimanzi. Itshe elichotshoziwe lithelwa phezulu, kufakwa i-wire mesh.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuvikela izindonga ekushiseni ngokweqile ngemichilo ekhethekile ye-asbesto. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele ufake ifomu bese uqedela zonke ezinye izinqubo zokuthela isisekelo. Ngemuva kokwenza isisekelo, kufanele kwenziwe ikhefu lobuchwepheshe lezinsuku eziyi-18-20.
Ngokuqondene nezinqubo zokubeka iziko, zimbili zazo kunguqulo esekhoneni, lapho imodeli eyodwa iba lula ukuyifaka, enye inzima kakhulu. Kuningi kuncike ekubekeni umugqa wokuqala, ngoba noma iliphi iphutha lingacabanga kabi ngazo zonke ezinye izigaba zomsebenzi. Umugqa wokuqala ubeka ubukhulu bayo yonke indawo yomlilo, ngakho-ke ubukhulu bezingqimba kufanele bugcinwe ngokunemba okuphezulu.
Ibhokisi lomlilo
Ukuze indawo yokubasa ingagcini nje ngokusebenzela njengomhlobiso wegumbi, kepha futhi nokukhipha ukushisa ngangokunokwenzeka, udinga ukubeka ibhokisi lomlilo kahle. Kulokhu, izindonga zaso kufanele zitholakale engxenyeni ethile komunye nomunye - ezinhlangothini ziphendukele ngaphandle kancane, kanti emuva lutshekele phambili.
Umthamo wokufakwa komlilo kufanele ube ngu-1/50 wobukhulu bekamelo. Kubalulekile futhi ukubheka ukujula, okumele kube okulungile. Uma ibhokisi lomlilo lijule kakhulu, indawo yomlilo ngeke ishise ngokwanele futhi igumbi lizobanda. Uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukujula kungashoni, intuthu ingavela.
Ibhokisi lomlilo lohlobo oluvaliwe futhi oluvulekile, lungaqina noma luhlanganiswe. Ukubala ubukhulu obufanele bewindi lesithando somlilo, indawo yegumbi kufanele ihlukaniswe ngama-50.
Dlula
Ukuze kuvinjelwe izinhlansi ukuba zingaphumi ngaphandle kushimula futhi kungabi naconsi lomoya, kumiswa umkhawulo okhethekile phakathi kwebhokisi lomlilo negumbi lomusi, noma ipasi. Kungaba umumo womkhombe noma ngisho. Ukudlula akufanele kwenze ipayipi libe lincane.
I-Arch kanye ne-chimney outlet
I-arch imele ukugqagqana kwengosi, ingaba yindilinga, i-arched, iqonde.
Ushimula ungathengwa usulungele ukwenziwa, kepha izinketho ezinjalo zivame ukubiza, ngakho-ke kulula ukuzenza ngezandla zakho kusuka ensimbi noma isitini. Izindonga lapho iphemula edlula khona kufanele ifakwe ngci ngangokunokwenzeka ngezinto ze-asbestos, futhi phansi kufanele futhi kuvikelwe.
Ushimula owodwa futhi ofanayo akufanele usetshenziselwe ukufaka ukufudumeza okuhlukile, lapho kubekwa khona umlilo kufanele kube nokuzimela ngokuphelele. Ukuphakama kweshimula okulungile okungenani ama-5 m, uma kungenjalo ngaphezulu. Konke kuncike ekuphakameni kwamaphansi asekamelweni. Ushimula wenziwe ngezinto ezinenkani. Uhlobo lwezitini lungavalwa ngepayipi lensimbi. Ukuma okuhle kukashimula kuyisilinda. Izithiyo ezimbalwa ekudluleni komusi, kuzokwakha umsizi omncane ezindongeni.
Iyaqeda
Isigaba sokugcina enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokufaka iziko inqubo yokuqeda. Okuningi kuya ngesitayela esivele sikhona, kanye nokuthandwa ngabanikazi. Umhlobiso wenziwe ngezinto zokuhlobisa, izinto zobumba, itshe, imabula. Isibonelo, iziko uqobo kanye noshimula kungaqedwa ngamatshe, ingxenye ephezulu yeziko ingambozwa ngosimende wokuhlobisa.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlobisa, kufanele umboze indawo yeziko nge-primer eqinisayo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kunamathiselwe i-mesh eshiselwe ngamaseli ayi-10x10 mm kusetshenziswa izikulufo zokuzicofa ezindaweni zezitini ezizophela ngamatshe. Uma kunesidingo, ingxenye engenhla yeziko ilinganiswa ne-gypsum plaster. Ukuqinisa ubuso, kusetshenziswa i-fiberglass mesh enosayizi wemesh ka-5x5 mm.
Ukuhlobisa isabelomali kubandakanya ukwenziwa kwebhokisi le-plasterboard elikhethekile elinokufakwa okulandelayo.
Ukumboza kwangaphandle kungahlukahluka kakhulu, kokubili ekubunjweni nasekubalabala. Usimende ufakwa kumasampula alungiselelwe ngaphambilini wezinto zokuhlobisa, ngemuva kwalokho amathayili abekwa endaweni ephansi ezungeze iziko. Umsebenzi olandelayo wokuqedwa kweziko wenziwa kungakadluli izinsuku ezimbili.
Isiphetho
Iziko liyisakhiwo esihle esiletha imfudumalo nenduduzo ekhaya lapho lifakwe khona. Ukuze ikusebenzele isikhathi eside, kufanele unamathele emithethweni eyisisekelo yokuphepha ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa nokufakwa kwayo, futhi ukhumbule nokuyihlanza emsini nasemlotheni ngesikhathi.
Amafutha kuphela enzelwe le nhloso okufanele asetshenziselwe ukushisa iziko. Amandla ezindawo zomlilo zesimanje anele ukushisa igumbi kuze kufike ku-200 sq.m. Endlini enjalo akusoze kwaba khona umswakama nephunga le-musty, elibalulekile ekugcineni ukufudumala nokunethezeka. Njengoba ufake indawo yokubasa umlilo ehholo, ungakujabulela ukunethezeka nsuku zonke, uchithe isikhathi esihle nomndeni wakho, umeme abangani bazohlala phansi baphuze inkomishi yetiye, benze amaphathi.
