Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuhlobisa ikhaya lakhe ngokuhambisana nokuthandwa kokunambitheka, ukuze kube kuhle, kube mnandi, kube laconic noma kukanokusho, kube semfashinini noma kube yiqiniso. Kepha ukuhlela ikotishi langasese noma indlu yasehlobo kuyingxenye yempi. Akunandaba noma ngabe isakhiwo singahle kanjani ngaphandle, sizolahlekelwa uhhafu wentelezi yaso uma sikhuphuka "ezweni eliwugwadule" - indawo engakhululekile enocingo lwesloping slate kanye nemibhede enobudlabha ngemuva. Isithombe esidumazayo, akunjalo? Ukuhlelwa kwendalo nazo zonke izakhiwo namasayithi anamathiselwe kwenziwa ngabaklami bezwe. Yize abahlobisi abakhetheke kakhulu sebaziwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, lo msebenzi uvele ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho kuphakama isidingo sokuhlobisa izakhiwo zethempeli nempahla yezakhamizi ezicebile. Iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa komhlaba yesayithi ingakhiwa ngokuzimela. Abaqalayo bavame ukudideka futhi abazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi lokubhekana nomsebenzi. Kulesi sihloko, sizonikeza izeluleko eziningi ezibalulekile kwabaqalayo ekwakheni ukwakheka kwezwe futhi sibonise ngezibonelo ukuthi yini le yobuciko bokuhlobisa engayifihla.
Izigaba zokudweba iphrojekthi yokwakheka komhlaba
Ake siqale ngokulula kakhulu, nge-algorithm emfushane yokwenza iphrojekthi yokwakha yokwenza ngcono indawo yasedolobheni. Ungazithophisi futhi uthembele kuphela ekusebenzeni kwephepha ngemidwebo, kuzodingeka uhlole impahla ngesilinganiso seteyipu nekhamera phezulu naphansi, kodwa qala ngezinto zokuqala. Idizayini ifaka phakathi lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:
- Ukulungiswa nokuqoqwa kwemininingwane. Kulesi sigaba, kwenziwa izilinganiso kanye nocwaningo lwesimo sendawo.
- Umdwebo wamanethiwekhi wobunjiniyela.
- Ukukhethwa komqondo wesitayela.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi (i-asidi, ukwakheka), ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukufundwa kwezimila ezikhona kanye nokwabiwa kwazo kokuqala kube ngamaqembu amabili: lelo elifanelana nomqondo wokuklama futhi okuzofanele lisuswe.
- Umdwebo womdwebo nokubekwa cishe kwezindawo eziyinhloko nezakhiwo.
- Ukubekwa komhlaba nokukhethwa okufanele kwezimila.
- Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwenziwa komqondo.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhanyisa.
- Ukukhethwa kokuhlobisa kwendawo ngayinye.
- Ukuhlola ukuhambisana kombono ngamathuba wangempela wesayithi, ukwenza izilinganiso eziphindaphindiwe "zokulawula".
- "Ukugunyazwa" kokugcina kwephrojekthi.
Akudingekile nakancane ukusebenza ngomdwebo osephepheni. Ngalezi zinhloso, kudalwe abasizi abaningi abaku-inthanethi. Ngemuva kokulayisha idatha yokuqala, ababonisi bazonikeza ukuhlanganiswa okunothile kwe-landscape "filling", phakathi kwakho lapho udinga nje ukukhetha oyithandayo.
Ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi oyinhloko kuphrojekthi, ohlelweni olusendaweni ebonakalayo, ungahamba, uhlole ukufaneleka kwayo futhi uthole ubuthakathaka obulungiswa ngokushesha.
Ochwepheshe bazosiza labo abathatha kuphela izinyathelo zokuqala ezinamahloni ekwakhiweni kwezwe futhi besaba ukwenza amaphutha amaningi angenakulungiswa. Ngaphambi kokuletha umbono empilweni ngemali ethile, ehambelana nezindleko zephrojekthi eqediwe, abaklami bangenza umsebenzi ohlaziya ngokuphelele, futhi banikeze izeluleko ezibalulekile.
Izici zesayithi ezibalulekile
Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zesiza somhlaba, ezingathinta kakhulu ukwakheka, zifaka:
- Indawo. Le yinto yokuqala okufanele ugxile kuyo. Ngokusobala, imibono emikhulu ayinakufezeka kuzwe lamahektare ambalwa. Kumaphrojekthi anjalo, isilinganiso siyadingeka.
- Ifomu. Abanikazi bezindawo ezingenakulinganiswa baneshwa kakhulu. Izindawo zobunjwa obuyisikwele nonxande zibhekwa njengezifanele. Ukuhlomisa ngokufanelekile impahla engunxantathu sekuvele kunzima kakhulu. Mangaki amahektare esizeni esithile, ongawathola kumadokhumenti okuthenga nokuthengisa.
- Ukukhululwa. Kulokhu, ukuphakama, izimbobo, imithambeka ibalulekile. Isimo sokukhululeka sizoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuhlelweni komhlaba.
- Ukuba khona kwezindawo ezingomakhelwane, imigwaqo eseduze. Lokhu kuncane kuzodingeka ukuthi kubhekwe nakho lapho kufakwa izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinamazinga athile ebanga asungulelwe zona.
- Ukuba khona kwezokuxhumana kwezobunjiniyela. Lokhu kutholakala kulezo zindawo ezisezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Uma sikhuluma ngemvelo "yasendle", khona-ke konke ukuxhumana kuzofanele kwakhiwe kusuka ekuqaleni futhi le-nuance isiza ukwakhiwa ngendlela efanayo nesikhwama somhlali wasehlobo, ngoba lowo msebenzi uzohlanganiswa nezindleko ezingeziwe.
Futhi cabanga ngobukhona bezinto zemvelo: amadamu, amagquma amatshe, izihlahla.
Siklama ngokuya ngemithetho nemigomo
Okokuqala, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngamazinga wokugcina amabanga aphakathi kwezakhiwo zezinhlobo ezahlukene. Uma noma yimuphi umthetho unganakwa, ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngabasebenzi bomlilo noma bokuhlolwa kwendle, ngeke nje ukhokhe inhlawulo, kodwa futhi uzobhidliza ibhilidi bese uqala umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha. Uhlu lwamazinga lumi kanjena:
- Kumele kugcinwe ibanga okungenani lamamitha ayi-6 phakathi kwamabhilidi enziwe ngezinto ezingashisi (ukhonkolo, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe) namabhilidi afanayo. Uma ishede noma ikhishi lasehlobo linendawo yaphansi eyenziwe ngokhuni, khona-ke zimiswa ebangeni lamamitha ayi-8. m.
- Kusele amamitha ayi-10 phakathi kwezakhiwo ezifanayo ezenziwe ngezinto ezingashisi ezinezitezi zokhuni. Ibanga lamamitha ayi-12 ligcinwa ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngokhuni.
- Izakhiwo ezigcwele ezenziwe ngezinto ezivuthayo kanye nophahla lwamafreyimu zakhiwe ebangeni le-15 m komunye nomunye.
- Isakhiwo sokuhlala kufanele sihlukaniswe nomgwaqo okungenani u-5 m.
- Imithombo yamanzi (imithombo, imithombo) ayimbiwa eduzane nezimbobo zomquba namathoyilethi angaphandle. Ibanga eliphakathi kwazo kufanele libe ngamamitha ayi-8. Ibanga elifanayo ligcinwa phakathi kwegumbi lokugeza nesakhiwo sokuhlala noma isela lapho kugcinwa khona okuhlinzekwayo.
- Amamitha ayi-12 kufanele ahlukanise indawo yokuhlala nezakhiwo lapho kugcinwa khona imfuyo nasendlini yangasese.
Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela amabanga avunyelwe esizeni somakhelwane avela kuzinto ezahlukahlukene. Izihlahla ezinde nezakhiwo ezingaphandle lapho kugcinwa khona izilwane kufanele zihlukaniswe ngamamitha amane ukusuka ocingweni. Indlu ingakhiwa eduze kancane - kuphela i-3 m., Nezinye izakhiwo ebangeni elingu-1 m. Izihlahla ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi zitshalwa ebangeni lamamitha ama-2. Kusuka kocingo olungumakhelwane, nezihlahlana - ku-1 m. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, amazinga anjalo asungulwa ukuze izinto ezinkulu ayizange iphose isithunzi noma iphazamise abanye abantu ababeka ingadi noma ingadi yemifino. Yize kwakhiwa indlu yangasese, ishede lezingulube noma umba umgodi womquba eduze komakhelwane kugcwele ukwephulwa kwezindinganiso zenhlanzeko, okungaholela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi endaweni yabo. Ungathembi ukuthi babhoboze umthombo kolunye uthango.
Ukukhetha iphalethi yombala yokwakheka kwezwe
Ngosizo lwemibala, ungakha idizayini eyingqayizivele ekotishi lasehlobo lakudala kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshalwa kwemali okukhethekile kwezezimali zokwakha iphalethi lokuhlanganiswa kopende ngeke kudingeke. Ukwenza kube lula ukuqamba umbala wombala wezinto ngazinye, zihlelwe zaba izigaba ezilandelayo:
- Izakhi zemvelo zezwe. Leli qembu lifaka konke okudalwe yimvelo: amadamu, amagquma, izikhala eziluhlaza ngisho nezingadi zamatshe zemvelo.
- Izakhi zokwakha. Lokhu kufaka zonke izakhiwo esakhiweni: kusuka kuma-gazebos kuya esakhiweni esikhulu sokuhlala. Kulokhu, umbala wezinto zokuqedela nezinto zokuhlobisa ubalulekile.
- Imininingwane yendawo yokuhlobisa neyenhlalo. Lesi sigaba sifaka izinto ezenziwe ngesandla, inhlanganisela yama-shades angenamkhawulo. Leli qembu lifaka phakathi izihlahla, izihlahla, imibhede yezimbali, imibhede yezimbali (etshalwe ngezandla zabo), izingadi zamadwala, amatshe amatshe, amachibi okwenziwa, imithombo nemithombo.
- Zonke ezinye izinto zokwakha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindlela zensimu, uthango, u-flooring, amabhuloho, izibani, izithombe ezincane, izando.
Isigaba sakamuva silingana nokuhlobisa okuncane uma senza ukufana nokwakhiwa kwangaphakathi. Ngosizo lwayo, ukwakheka kombala ekugcineni kupholishiwe, futhi, uma kunesidingo, izingxenye zithathelwa indawo kalula ngezinye. Eqinisweni, "ezinye izinto" ziveza imizwa yomnikazi wesayithi, ngenkathi ukukhethwa kweminye imininingwane kususelwa kokuthandwayo, njengoba, njengoba wazi, kushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinkomba ezithandwayo zesitayela
Zonke izinkomba zesitayela zokwakhiwa kwamakhaya ezindlwana ezizimele nawasehlobo zingahlukaniswa ngemibandela ngamaqembu amabili:
- Ezomlando.
- Okudumile kwesimanje.
Uma okokuqala kwakhiwa eminyakeni eminingi futhi kweza kithi ngendlela ababehlanganiswe ngayo ezinkathini ezahlukahlukene, iqembu lesibili lihlala lihamba njalo, liyathuthuka futhi liyashintsha. Izitayela zomlando zifaka phakathi amaDashi, amaJapane, amaMedithera, amaFulentshi, amaNgisi, amaMoor, amaKoloni, amaRashiya kanye namaShayina. Iqembu elidumile lifaka ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphakeme, i-minimalism, i-alpine (i-landscape analog ye-chalet), isitayela sesimanje nesemvelo. Esimweni sokugcina, isayithi lidwetshwa ngokwemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka, okungukuthi, i-asymmetry yemvelo iyamukelwa. I-Minimalism isebenzisa izihlahla zemifino, izikhala ezinkulu nokuhlelwa okuhambisanayo kwezakhi zokuhlobisa ezingavamile. I-high-tech ithobela imithetho eqinile: izindlela eziqoqiwe ezigandayiwe, i-geometry elula ekuhlelweni kwamafomu amancane wokwakha, izihlahla ezisikiwe ngokuphelele. Okwesimanje kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemigqa ebushelelezi, amakhona ayindilinga, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zanamuhla kanye nenhlanganisela yokuqhathanisa yemibala nokwakheka. Isitayela se-Alpine silungele izindawo ezifakwe embossed. Kubekwa izingadi “zezintaba” kuzo, lapho uhlaza lushintshana khona namawa amatshe nezingadi zamadwala.
Ukuklanywa kwendawo
Ukwenza ukwakheka komhlaba kubukeke kucocekile, ngaphandle kokufaka izinto ngazinye, kufanele kuklanywe, okungukuthi, kwehlukaniswe ngezindawo zokusebenza ezihlukile, lapho izinto ezithile zihlanganiswa zaba ngamaqembu. Isiza esimaphakathi sifaka lezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- Indawo yokuphumula.
- Impahla yaseJardin.
- Iqembu lezakhiwo ezingaphandle.
- Indawo yemisebenzi yangaphandle nemidlalo.
Zonke izindawo zihlukanisiwe zodwa zisebenzisa izindlela zensimu, uthango, imibhede yezimbali noma izinto zokuhlobisa.
Indawo yokuphumula
Indawo yokuzilibazisa yenzelwe izinkampani ezinkulu futhi ingafaka:
- I-gazebo evulekile noma evaliwe. Inketho yokuqala isetshenziswa kuphela ehlobo. Ama-gazebos avaliwe acwebezelisiwe futhi kwesinye isikhathi angaba nohlelo lokushisa oluzimele, olubenza indawo ethokomele yokuzithokozisa ebusika.
- Indawo evulekile noma evaliwe (ngaphansi kombhede) nge-barbecue, iziko lomlilo noma i-barbecue.
- Igceke elingasemuva elihlonyiswe ngempahla ethambile, itafula lokudlela, i-chaise longue nezikhwama. Le ndawo yenziwa emoyeni ovulekile noma ihlotshiswe nge-pergola ehlanganiswe ne-ivy, amagilebhisi, i-clematis.
- Igumbi lokudlela ngaphandle kombhede. Indawo ifaka itafula lokudlela nezihlalo. Imvamisa, itholakala eduze kwekhishi lasehlobo ukuze ungadingi ukuthwala amapuleti anezitsha ezikude kakhulu.
Indawo yezokungcebeleka ivame ukutholakala eduze kwensimu, enikeza indawo enhle yokubukeka komhlaba, futhi inenkundla yokudlala ukuze abancane babhekelwe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka emihlanganweni.
Ingadi nengadi yemifino
Ingadi kanye nensimu yemifino ngokwesiko kuhlanganiswe kwaba yiyoni eyodwa, yize izinketho zingenzeka lapho imibhede ibekwa engxenyeni eyodwa yesiza, kuthi kutshalwe izihlahla nezihlahlana kwenye. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yezikhala eziluhlaza kunquma ukukhululeka, ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi. Ochwepheshe batusa ukubeka imibhede ohlangothini "olungenamqondo" lwesiza, ngemuva kwendlu, ukuze ingadi yokushisa kanye nengadi yemifino ingabi ngamehlo futhi konakalise ingaphandle lendlu. Uma inhlabathi yamakhukhamba okhulayo notamatisi ingafaneleki ngokuphelele, isimo singashintshwa ngosizo lomhlabathi ongenisiwe. Insimu noma kunjalo kufanele ibukeke ihlanzekile futhi izilungise kahle. Imibhede ebizwa ngokuthi "ephakeme", ephakanyiswe ngaphezu komhlaba wonke futhi ibiyelwe ngokhuni, ipulasitiki, uthango lwamatshe, izosiza ukufeza lo mphumela. Ingadi ingathatha izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Kwesinye isikhathi leli yipharadesi elinezimbali ezingajwayelekile, sengathi lisuselwa ezithombeni zomagazini bemfashini, kokunye ukulingiswa kwepaki elinezithelo nama-conifers atshalwe emigqeni, namabhentshi okuphumula nezindlela ezihlanzekile.
Indawo enezakhiwo ezingaphandle
Izakhiwo ezingaphandle zifaka indlu yokugezela, ikhishi lasehlobo, izhede zezinto zokusebenza, izikhuni zokhuni, izakhiwo lapho kugcinwa khona izilwane ezifuywayo. Eqinisweni, kule ndawo wonke amasayithi atholakala lapho kwenziwa khona noma yimuphi umsebenzi, asikho isikhathi sokuphumula, ngakho-ke, kugcizelelwa ukusebenza, hhayi ubuhle. Lapho kwenziwa iphrojekthi yokuklama, kunakwa umbala wombala wezinto zokuqedela zezakhiwo, ukuxhumana kwazo kwesitayela nomqondo okhethiwe nokuhlobisa okulula ngosizo lwemibhede yezimbali, izindlela nezicingo.
Indawo yezemidlalo nendawo yokudlala
Indawo yokudlala yezemidlalo ingafaka inkundla yethenisi, amaslayidi wezingane nokushwiba, uhlelo lwemigoqo evundlile, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zemishini yokuzivocavoca umzimba uma umndeni uthanda ukuvivinya umzimba ekuseni. Ukubekwa kwayo akusebenzi ezindaweni ezinendawo encane. Kulezi zimo, kungcono ukukhawulela wena kuphela ekushintsheni kwe-compact kanye nesilayidi. Indawo yezemidlalo nokuzijabulisa ngokwesiko itholakala ngemuva kwendlu. Imvamisa ivinjelwe indawo yokuhlala kanye nengadi.
Izindlela zensimu notshani
Izindlela zensimu zisetshenziselwa ukuklanywa kwesiza. Ezinhlangothini, kuhlotshiswe ngothango oluphansi, imibhede yemingcele, ama-parterres, imibhede yezimbali zeribhoni nama-mixborder uma indlela iseduze kocingo olungenalutho. Izindlela zenziwe ngamatshe amatshe, amatshe agayiwe, amatshe amakhulu ayisicaba, ukusika ngokhuni, amabhodi, ukhonkolo, izitini, izingcezu zamathayili e-ceramic abekwe ngendlela ye-mosaic. Utshani butshalwe ezindaweni ezingenazo izakhiwo, ngoba ukhaphethi wotshani ubukeka uhlaba umxhwele uma unendawo enkulu. Kunotshani obufanayo emaphethelweni endawo yokuzilibazisa; ehlobo kungasetshenziswa njengenkundla yebhola elincane. Ngaphezu kotshani obunqamulelayo bendabuko, kukhona nenguqulo yamaMoor. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okuningi futhi kungumbiza omuhle wotshani basensimini, kwesinye isikhathi ofinyelela ukuphakama okhalweni.
Amachibi okufakelwa - isici sokuklanywa komhlaba
Yini isiza esingenalo idamu? Ezimweni ezingavamile, umfudlana ugeleza ungene kuleyo ndawo noma kunedamu elincane lemvelo eliseduze. Uma ukwakheka kwezwe kungenayo imithambo yamanzi yemvelo, kuzodingeka ukuthi bakhe enye indlela yokufakelwa. Inketho yokonga kakhulu ichibi. Ukunakekelwa okuncane kuyadingeka. Ichibi ligcwele izimpilo zasemanzini kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi. Ivumelanisa isici samanzi ne-minimalism nesitayela saseJapan. Imisindo emnandi yokububula kwamanzi izophuma emithonjeni nasezinhlotsheni zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi - amakhasethi. Ukuhlomisa idamu elinjalo, kuzodingeka uthenge uhlelo olukhethekile lokumpompa amanzi oluzolokhu “ludla” ugesi. Lapho isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe futhi amandla aso ephakeme, ilulaza uketshezi ngokwengeziwe. Kubekwa amachibi emakhaya kanokusho. Leli chibi lokugeza langasese lihlangana kahle ne-sauna. Ungageza kuwo umusi, bese upholisa ukushisa emanzini apholile echibini.
Imithetho yokukhanyisa indawo
Ukukhanyisa kwendawo kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Okuyisisekelo. Leli qembu lifaka isethi yamalambu okukhanyisa eduze kompheme kanye nasezakhiweni ezingaphandle.
- Okungeziwe.Izibani ezihamba ezindleleni, ezidingekayo ekuhambeni ngokukhululekile kuzungeze isayithi ebusuku.
- Okuhlobisa. Lolu hlobo lokukhanyisa ligcizelela ubuhle bezinto ngazinye zokwakheka kwezwe, ezingathwali msebenzi "owusizo" futhi zifakwe kuphela ngenxa yokubukeka okuhle.
Izibani ezinamandla zifakwe kuphela ezinsizeni ezinkulu zokukhanyisa. Okwemithombo yokuhlobisa, ukukhanya, ukukhanya okusakazekile kwanele.
Isixazululo sokonga kungaba ukuthenga amalambu asebenza ngamandla elanga. Vele, umthombo wokukhanya onjalo ngeke wenele ubusuku bonke, kepha ngamahora ama-3-5 bazokwazi ukusebenza ngokungaphazanyiswa ebumnyameni obumnyama.
Ungakhohlwa ngezinto zokuhlobisa
"Ukuhlelwa kabusha" kwendawo yesiza kwenziwa ngosizo lwezinto zokuhlobisa. Azinaso isigaba esisodwa, kepha le mininingwane ingahlukaniswa ngemibandela ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
- Imihlobiso "ephilayo", okungukuthi, izikhala eziluhlaza.
- Eminye imininingwane.
Ukuhlobisa "bukhoma" kufaka imibhede yezimbali nazo zonke izinhlobo zezingoma ezivela ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Lokhu kungaba imibhede yezimbali, imingcele, izikelemu, izitshalo zikasawoti, ama-mixborder, i-backstage, i-topiary, i-labyrinths, i-multilevel plantings, izingadi zama-rose, ama-arabesque, izingadi zamadwala, ama-rockeries, izimbiza zezimbali. Eminye imihlobiso ibandakanya amabhentshi, amafomu amancane okwakha, ukubaza, imifanekiso yezilwane zobumba, amabhuloho, ama-pergolas, amapulatifomu, ama-trellises, ama-arches nefenisha yensimu. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezihlobisa ngqo kuya ngesitayela sesayithi. Isibonelo, inqola yokhuni enezimbali namasondo amadala izogcizelela ukunganaki kwezitayela ze-rustic noma zaseRussia. Ibhentshi likanokusho lensimbi elinezinto zokwakha lizohambisana nezindlela zesimanje, zesiNgisi noma zakudala. Umthombo, ogqitshwe emibhedeni yezimbali futhi ohlotshiswe ngemifanekiso ebaziwe, uzongena kahle ohlakeni lwesitayela saseFrance.
Isiphetho
Ukuhleleka okulungile kwesikhala kusayithi kuyisihluthulelo sendawo enhle. Ukuklama ukuklama kufanele kuthathwe njengenselelo, ithuba lokukhombisa amakhono akho njengomklami. Akufanele uquleke kusengaphambili kusabelomali sawo wonke umkhankaso, ngoba imibono eminingi ingenziwa yodwa ngaphandle kokubandakanya ochwepheshe, izinsizakalo zabo ezizobiza. Ngenhlanhla, i-World Wide Web igcwele zonke izinhlobo zamakilasi amakhulu ekubekeni izindlela zensimu, kwakheka imibhede yezimbali eyinkimbinkimbi nokufaka ama-gazebos.
