Izici zesitayela
Isitayela seBauhaus ekwakhiweni sakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi ngokushesha sabonakala. Izici eziyinhloko:
- Ukusebenza. Umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakhiwa kwangaphakathi ukwenza indlu ibe ntofontofo futhi iphile. Yilokhu abakucabangayo eJalimane.
- Okuqondiswe kubantu. Ingqikithi yalo mqondo yizidingo zabahlali. Yonke imininingwane yangaphakathi ilungiswa kwindlela yabo yokuphila.
- Ubuncane. Ifenisha ebaluleke kakhulu kuphela emayelana nokonga isikhala nokusetshenziswa okuncane. Akufanele futhi kube nokuhlobisa okuningi - esikhundleni sokuphrinta okukhanyayo, kungcono ukukhetha isiphetho se-monochromatic.
- Ubuhle. Izitayela zesitayela akufanele zisebenze kuphela, kepha futhi zihle.
- Izinto zanamuhla. Ekuqaleni, ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha nezinye izinto zangaphakathi kwaqala ngokwethulwa kwemishini yezimboni (insimbi, ingilazi, ipulasitiki).
- Umumo weJiyomethri. Ukulula kwemigqa eqondile kunikeza ukuthinta okukhethekile kobuciko kwisitayela seBauhaus ngaphakathi.
Umbala we-color
Isimiso esingazanyazanyiswa seBauhaus ukulondolozwa kokuzwana. Kwiphalethi yesitayela, lokhu kuvezwa ngokuhlanganiswa kokuphikisana okubili - ngombala, izinga lokushisa, ukuthungwa.
Ububanzi obukhulu abuthathi hlangothi. Mhlophe, isihlabathi, i-graphite, emnyama. Le mibala yaphefumulelwa yimvelo uqobo lwayo - ukhonkolo ompunga, itshe elimnyama elibandayo, ukhuni olufudumele olunsundu, insimbi emnyama.
Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwemibala ekhanyayo. Okuyinhloko kwakuhlala kuphuzi, kubomvu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuluhlaza. Ngasikhathi sinye, ifilosofi yesitayela seBauhaus ayibahloli nje kuphela ngokubuka okubukwayo. Isibonelo, abasunguli besitayela bakholelwa ukuthi izinto ezibomvu zibukeka ziseduze, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunalokho, zikude. Noma lokho kuzwakala egumbini elikhanyayo kumemeza kakhulu, kuyilapho okumnyama kubaminyanisa.
Igumbi lokuphumula elibonisiwe elinama-accents akhanyayo e-orange
Kuphela nezinto zokwakha
Ukungathathi hlangothi kwezinto eziyisisekelo kuyaqhubeka ekuhlobiseni. Usimende oluhlobisa, upende, iphepha lodonga elizolile lisetshenziselwa izindonga. Ngendlela, lezi zamuva zenzelwe ngisho nezidingo zesitayela - ama-monograms ajwayelekile nezimbali ezikhanyayo zathathelwa indawo ngabakhiqizi abanemihlobiso yejometri, ukulingisa ukwakheka kwemvelo.
Uphahla olufanele luyizinga elilodwa elilula noma eliyinkimbinkimbi. Kukhethwa ubude, umbala okhanyayo. Iphansi lilula ngangokunokwenzeka. I-Linoleum, i-laminate, i-parquet isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa.
Lapho ukhetha izinto zokuqedela, hlanganisa i-eco nobuchwepheshe obuphambili omunye nomunye: ingilazi, ipulasitiki, insimbi, ukhuni, isikhumba, izakhiwo zendwangu ziyisitayela se-Bauhaus.
Isithombe sikhombisa ihholo lakudala ngesitayela seBauhaus
Izinto zefenisha
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi izazi ze-ideologists zesitayela seBauhaus zibhekwa njengabahleli bezindlela - basesha futhi bathola amafomu amasha ngokuphelele, bangeza ubulula, ukuheha nokusebenza ndawonye.
Kwethulwa ifenisha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi - ama-wardrobe amakhulu, amashalofu, ancibilika ngokoqobo ngisho nasemafulethini amancane. Okunye okusunguliwe ngama-transformer. Usofa noma itafula eligoqekayo, ifenisha esetshenzisiwe esetshenziswayo isiza ukonga isikhala endlini, ngenkathi igcina imisebenzi yayo. Amatafula nezitulo ezinganqandeki ngomunye umqondo wabaklami abaphambili abasadumile nanamuhla.
Abaqambi bazama ukubukisa ukukhanya komhlobiso ophelele - izingalo zezingalo zisuswe ezihlalweni nasemasofeni, futhi konke okuhlobisa kufenisha yekhabethe kwasuswa.
Ngokuqondene nezinto zokwakha, iBauhaus ihlanganisa kalula izingcezu zefenisha ezazingathandeki ngaphambili: ukhuni olubizayo olunepulasitiki eshibhile, ingilazi engenasisindo enensimbi emangele, isikhumba semvelo esinamapayipi e-chrome.
Amapayipi agobekile ngokuvamile aba uhlobo lwe-flagship yangaleso sikhathi (~ 20s of the XX century). Leso isihlalo esidumile sikaMarcel Breuer esenziwe ngamapayipi wensimbi afakwe i-chrome anezintambo zesikhumba. Isibonelo sesibili ukushefa okuvulekile, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa isikhala somkhawulo.
Isithombe sikhombisa ikhishi elincane elimhlophe elakhelwe ngaphakathi
Ukuhlobisa nezindwangu
Ngisho nesitayela se-pragmatic njenge-Bauhaus akuyona ngaphandle kwemihlobiso. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlobisa kungukuqhubeka kwemigomo ejwayelekile.
Into yokuhlobisa ingaba njengokusebenza okuthile - ngokwesibonelo, isibani sesitayela, isethi yezitsha, iketela, umdlalo webhodi noma ifenisha uqobo. Kanjalo nomhlobiso othile - isithombe, ukhaphethi. Kepha umdwebo kubo awubonakali ngokuphelele. Imibuthano enemibala, izikwele, ovali, onxantathu nonxande kuyisisekelo sezingcezu eziningi zobuciko ezilungele ingaphakathi leBauhaus.
Ngendlela, okhaphethi bejometri bayinto ebalulekile yomkhuba wakudala. Ukuphrinta okukhanyayo kubo kugcwalisa ngokuphelele umhlobiso ongathathi hlangothi wegumbi.
Zonke ezinye izindwangu - amakhethini, imicamelo, iragi, ilineni lokulala - kungakhanya njengokhaphethi, noma kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka, kube monochromatic. Umthetho omkhulu ukulinganisela. Okusho ukuthi, akufanele ubeke umcamelo onemibala eminingi esihlalweni esinemibala.
Kuboniswe ukhaphethi wejometri phansi
Ukukhanyisa
Ukukhanya okukhanyayo okunamandla akuyona nje umhlobiso, kepha kuyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi ingaphakathi leBauhaus. Ukukhanya okuningi, isikhala siba sikhulu ngokwengeziwe. Bagcizelela izindawo ezidingekayo ngokukhanya, ukusetha ama-accents.
Ukushisa okuvuthayo kusondele kakhulu ezimbonini, kubanda. Ukugqama kuphezulu.
Amalambu uqobo lwawo bekufanele ahlobise igumbi. Umklamo wabo uhlanganise amafomu alula, ama-duets angavamile. Isibonelo esithandwa kakhulu inhlanganisela yensimbi enekhrimu nengilazi efriziwe, njengasesibanini setafula esidumile sikaWilliam Wagenfeld noKarl Jacob Uecker.
No abadumile kancane isibani Marianne Brandt - imodeli encane yensimbi, ezimise njengezinhlobo zesimanje.
Izithombe zingaphakathi kwamakamelo
Igumbi lokuhlala ngesitayela seBauhaus - izihlalo ezinethezekile eziningana, itafula lekhofi elilula, ikhonsoli yemishini yethelevishini.
Ekamelweni lokulala, isikhungo ngumbhede - olula, onethezekile. Kucatshangelwa indawo yokugcina eyengeziwe - ikhabethe elilula lingenye yezixazululo ezinhle kakhulu ezethulwe ngabaqambi bezitayela.
Esithombeni kukhona igumbi elibanzi elinosofa obungenacala
Ikhishi yilona gumbi elisebenza kakhulu endlini. Lapho uthuthukisa ihedsethi, akubhekwa kuphela i-ergonomics, kepha nezidingo zelungu ngalinye lomndeni. Ifenisha kufanele ikwenze kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Igalari yezithombe
Yize isitayela sakhula ngokomlando ngo-1920-1930, abantu abaningi basakujabulela ukwakha izindlu zabo zangaphakathi ngokuya ngemigomo yeBauhaus. Ngemuva kwakho konke, imibono eminingi ewusizo ingatholwa kufilosofi yesiqondisi.
