Uphahla oluyisicaba ngokuphelele efulethini luyivelakancane. Amaphutha ahlukahlukene amapuleti, ukuxhumeka kwawo kwekhwalithi engemihle, ukungalingani kobude kuyisithiyo esibi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Ukuze ubhekane nalokhu kushiyeka, kudingeka usizo lochwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kunengqondo ukukhokhela izinsizakalo ezibizayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ufune okunye ukuqeda, lapho ungazifihla khona ukukhubazeka. Enye yalezi zinto ngothayela bophahla - umkhiqizo omuhle, ongasindi futhi ongabizi. Ngayo, ungakha isiphetho esibushelelezi nesikhangayo esizokujabulisa iminyaka. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe izici zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalesi sici, sikutshele ukuthi ungabala kanjani inani elidingekayo, bese uchaza ukuthi unganamathisela kanjani kahle amathayili ophahla.
Ubuhle nobubi
Amathayili ophahla akhiqizwa kwimishini yesimanje yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, evumela ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokusebenza okuphezulu kwento. Unezinzuzo eziningi, kufaka phakathi:
- izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene - imikhiqizo yehlukile ngokwakhiwa, ukuma, isitayela, ukuthungwa, amaphethini nemibala. Ungalingisa ukhuni, isibuko, insimbi, indwangu, isikhumba;
- amathuba amaningi wokuklama - ungagcina futhi uhlanganise okokusebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene;
- izinhlobonhlobo zobunjwa - ngaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile, kunezinketho eziningi zamathayili womklami, okuvumela ukuthi udale isiphetho esiyingqayizivele kunoma yisiphi isitayela, kucatshangelwa izici zophahla;
- isisindo esincane - sikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-glue yokuqinisa;
- ukufakwa okulula - ngisho non-professional angakwazi ukuyiphatha, futhi kungenzeka ukukwenza wedwa;
- ukufudumeza okuhle okushisayo - lokhu kuzwakala ikakhulukazi ebusika;
- izakhiwo ezivikela umsindo - ibhonasi enhle yokususa umsindo ongaphandle;
- ikhono lokupenda kunoma yimuphi umbala;
- imikhiqizo ebanzi ingatholakala kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezinto zokwakha;
- amanani aphansi - atholakalela abathengi abaningi;
- ilingene kahle ingaphakathi lanoma iliphi igumbi endlini. Kuyafaneleka impela egumbini lokuphumula, ekutadisheni, enkulisa, ekamelweni lokulala, ekhishini, ephasishi, endlini yangasese, endlini yangasese. Imikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe okukhethwa kukho okuhle kunanoma iyiphi indawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lokuqeda lunezithiyo zalo:
- okokusebenza ngokuvamile kudinga ukulinganiswa ngoba kungenzeka kungafani. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo yokufaka ingabambezeleka;
- ezinye izinhlobo zamathayili zintekenteke kakhulu futhi zingaphuka. Lokhu kuholela ekwenyukeni kwephesenti lamaphutha nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokulungiswa;
- ukuze ithayela lingakhubazeki, ngohlobo ngalunye lwento kubalulekile ukukhetha ngokucophelela uhlobo lweglue;
- uma i-glue ingena ohlangothini olungaphambili, imvamisa akunakwenzeka ukuyisusa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokulimaza ingaphezulu. Sincoma ukuhlangana ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka;
- amathayili avela esigabeni se-porous angancipha lapho kufakwa i-glue ayikhiphe.
Izinhlobo zamathayili ophahla
Izinhlobonhlobo zale nto ziyamangaza. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ziyahluka ngokuthungwa, ukuklanywa, ukuminyana nokwakhiwa.
Ipulasitiki
Ithayela lepulasitiki liqinile futhi alinasisindo, kulula ukuwasha nokulihlanza. Kodwa-ke, akuyona into evikela imvelo futhi iyafiphala ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungayisebenzisi emakamelweni akhanyiswe kahle njengegumbi lokuphumula noma enkulisa. Kepha ngendlu yangasese kuyisinqumo esihle. Endaweni enomswakama, leli tile libalulekile. Ngeke imunce amanzi futhi ingagezwa kalula ngaphandle kokuvumela ifungus ukuthi yakheke. Amathayili anjalo ayindlela enhle yokuqedela uphahla ekhishini, ethoyilethi, ephentini ngisho nasephaseji.
Amathayili epulasitiki anezinzuzo eziningi ezibalulekile:
- izindleko ezingabizi - ubuchwepheshe obusha buwenzile ukuthi anciphise kakhulu izindleko zenqubo yokukhiqiza epulasitiki, ngakho-ke, amathayili e-PVC ancintisana kakhulu emakethe ngezinto ezifanayo;
- isivinini sokufaka - umsebenzi ulula ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke wenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu;
- ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe umklamo oyingqayizivele ngokuhlelwa okungajwayelekile ophahleni nokuhlanganisa izithunzi ezahlukahlukene;
- ukuqina kwento ikuvumela ukuthi ungesabi ukwakheka kwefungus, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindlini zokugezela;
- inhlanzeko - okubalulekile akuwesabi amanzi, okokuhlanza kanye nezinto zokuhlanza, ngakho-ke ukuyigcina ihlanzekile akunzima nakancane.
Kuthuthukisiwe
Kuyinto ebiza kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamathayili ophahla. Ikhiqizwa ngokucindezela ngengubo yokuvikela ngendlela yefilimu noma yokudweba. Ithayela linobukhulu obuncane obungadluli ku-3 mm. Ngasikhathi sinye, ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukugqokwa kuyatholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene namaphethini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinketho eziningi zemikhiqizo elingisa izinto zemvelo - izinkuni, imabula, imibala yegranite. Ingaphezulu lemikhiqizo enamathele ngefilimu ivalwe ngophawu lwe-hermetically, ukuze igezwe ngama-detergents. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okokusetshenziswa kungasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezimeni ezinomswakama zangasese nasekhishini, lapho uphahla luhlaselwa njalo ngomphunga, igrisi nothuli. Ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende, lolu uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu lwethayela lophahla namuhla.
Igwebu
Igama lesibili lamathayili amagwebu ligxiviziwe. Kwenziwa ngokucindezela. Imvamisa, inephethini yokusiza ohlangothini lwangaphambili, olucindezelwa kusetshenziswa umshini wokunyathelisa. Ithayela linokuthungwa okuxekethile, okusanhlamvu kanye nobuso obunezimbobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, akunakwenzeka ukuyihlanza nokuyigeza kahle. Ama-pores agcwalisa ukungcola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi umbala wento uyaphela. Ukuphela kwensindiso yethayela elinjalo kungaba ukubala, okumele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa opende abahlakazekile be-acrylic. Ama-analog asekelwe emanzini ngeke asebenze kuleli cala.
Isakhiwo esixegayo asinikezi okokusebenza ngamandla anele. Amathayili anjalo aqhekeka futhi aqhekeke kalula, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuwasika kahle. Amaphethelo asikiwe kufanele afihlwe ngaphansi kwebhodi lokushibilika. Udinga ukuthenga imikhiqizo yokumboza ngemajini, ngoba amathayili anjalo awabizi kakhulu futhi ngeke ashaye isabelomali sakho.
Ukujova
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamathayili womjovo, kusetshenziswa isikhunta lapho kugaywa khona igwebu le-polystyrene. Ngenxa yalokhu, okokusebenza okuvelayo kunekhwalithi ephakeme kakhulu ngokuqhathanisa ne-analogue egxiviziwe. Ubukhulu bethayela elinjalo buvela ku-9-14 mm.
Izinzuzo zemikhiqizo yomjovo
- Zinezinto ezinhle zomsindo nokushisa okushisa.
- Imiphetho yemikhiqizo inekhwalithi ephezulu, ngenxa yokuthi izingqimba zokumboza ezakhiwe yibo cishe azibonakali.
- Ukulinganisa akudingeki ngoba inezilinganiso eziqondile nephethini ehlukile.
Ngazo zonke izinzuzo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okokusebenza kumunca amanzi kanye nohlobo lwangaphambilini, futhi ubuhlalu bawo abukuvumeli ukuthi umelane nomonakalo omncane womshini.
Ngomphetho wohlobo
Amaphethelo wamathayili ophahla angenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kuya ngokuthi ukubopha okuqediwe kuzobukeka kanjani.
Kukhona amamodeli lapho ukuhlelwa kwenziwa khona:
- ngemiphetho eqondile esikiwe ngaphandle kwe-chamfer. Lapho ufaka izinto ezinjalo, amalunga azobe engabonakali ngangokunokwenzeka. Le yile tile ebizwa ngokuthi ingenamthungo;
- ngemiphetho noma amafreyimu acacile - yakha ingubo enephethini enhle;
- ngemigqa engalingani yokugwedla - imisebenzi yobuciko bokudizayina evumela wena ukuthi wakhe izingoma zokuqala neziphumelelayo ophahleni.
Akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlela, inqubo yokufaka ihlala ifana.
Ngokudweba
Namuhla, okokusebenza kukhiqizwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zamaphethini nemiklamo. Kunemikhiqizo ene:
- amaphethini ngesimo samajometri noma imigqa ye-laconic;
- umhlobiso wezimbali;
- ukulingisa i-lace;
- imihlobiso, ngaphansi kokhonkolo lwe-stucco;
- ukulingiswa kwezinkuni, itshe lemvelo, utshani boqalo;
- ukuphrinta kwesithombe - kuthandwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlobisa uphahla ngamathayili abonisa isibhakabhaka esinamafu.
Amathayili angaphrintiwe awathathi hlangothi. Ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezizimele noma ihlanganiswe nezinto ezenziwe ngombala noma ezipendiwe. Ukucabanga okuncane futhi uzothola okuhle, okunesitayela, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - uphahla olukhethekile.
Ukubalwa kwenombolo edingekayo yamathayili
Ngemuva kokuthi uthathe isinqumo ngohlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo nokuklanywa kwazo, udinga ukubala inani elidingekayo lamathayili. Ngakho-ke uzothola ukuthi ingakanani impahla edingekayo ukumboza indawo ethile. Sincoma ukuthenga amaphaneli ngemajini uma kwenzeka kulimala futhi kunqatshwa imikhiqizo. Amathayili kungenzeka abe namakhona aphukile, imiphetho. Lapho usika futhi ulinganisa, ungenza iphutha, bese kungahle kungabi nezinto ezanele. Ukuthenga umkhiqizo esitolo akuhlali kuyindlela enhle ngaso sonke isikhathi - kungenzeka ukuthi kuzovela kwinqwaba ehlukile futhi ngeke kufane nalokhu okuthengwe phambilini. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uhlale uthenga okungu-10-15% ngaphezulu.
Ukubalwa kwenziwa kanjena:
- Uphahla luyalinganiswa futhi indawo yalo iyabalwa.
- Indawo yophahla ihlukaniswe indawo yethayela elilodwa futhi inani elidingekayo lezinto zokugcoba liyatholakala.
Ukukhetha iglue
Umphumela wokugcina wamathayili awuxhomekile kuphela ekukhetheni kwamathayili, kepha futhi nakukhwalithi yokunamathela. Kumele imelane nezinguquko zomswakama nezinga lokushisa.
Amaphuzu ayinhloko okufanele awacabangele lapho ukhetha okunamathelayo:
- Akufanele isuselwe kwisinyibilikisi, esizoqala ukucekela phansi impahla ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwethayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iglu enjalo inezinto ezinobuthi ezithinta kabi impilo yomuntu. Ukwakheka kufanele kusekelwe emanzini.
- Izici zokunamathisela zenhlanganisela kumele zibe sezingeni elifanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke kusebenze kahle ukulungisa amathayili kukhonkrithi noma substrates eboshwe nge-putty.
- Kungcono ukhethe i-glue obukhulu. Izobamba ama-panels, ibavimbele ekushibilikeni. Uma usebenzisa ukwenziwa ketshezi, kufanele ulinde isikhashana, ukuvumela ukuthi ikhule kancane. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho izakhi zesilingi zinganamathiselwa khona. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi esingenasidingo siyachithwa futhi inqubo ihamba kancane kunalokho obekuhleliwe.
- Ungayisebenzisi imikhiqizo yokusetha ngokushesha. Amathayili adinga ukulungiswa futhi kufanele kube nesikhathi salokho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukungalungi akukwazi ukulungiswa.
Ukulungiselela okuyisisekelo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukunamathisela amathayili, udinga ukulungisa isisekelo sophahla.
Okokuqala, udinga ukuqaqa wonke amadivayisi wokukhanyisa, ukukhipha ikhebula amandla nokufaka izintambo ezingenalutho. Okulandelayo, udinga ukususa isiphetho esidala, futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Ukukhethwa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza indawo kwenziwa ngokuya ngendaba ezodilizwa.
- Ukuwasha mhlophe - udinga ukuyigeza usebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile. Kuzokwanela ukwenza lokhu izikhathi ezingama-2-3.
- I-Putty noma i-plaster yokuhlobisa - pre-moisten ngamanzi bese ususa nge-iron scraper ebukhali.
- Amathayili ophahla - sidabula ngesisuli, sihlanza izindawo ngezinsalela zamathayili neglue.
- Iphephadonga - moisten kakhulu ngamanzi afudumele bese ushiya ukugcwala ngokuphelele. Futha ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi avela ebhodleleni lokufafaza ukuvimbela ungqimba olungaphezulu ukuthi lome. Ngemuva kwalokho, susa okokufaka okumanzi ngescraper, ungashiyi iphepha noma izinhlayiya zeglue.
- Upende kawoyela. Kumele isulwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukunamathela okuhle ngeke kusebenze. Sisebenzisa i-scraper, i-drill enamathiselwe we-emery noma i-pickaxe.
- Emulsion yamanzi. Uma ukwakheka okubuthakathaka kuhlanzwa ngamanzi, njengokuhlanza umhlophe, okuqinile kufanele kususwe ngemishini. Ngemuva kokuthi upende ususuliwe, geza ingaphezulu ngamanzi anensipho.
Uma ungqimba lwe-plaster noma i-putty luqine ngokwanele, asikho isidingo sokulususa.
Ngemuva kokuhlanza izinto ezindala, isisekelo siyahlolwa. Uma kutholakala ukukhubazeka noma umehluko ongaphezu kuka-4-5 mm, ukulinganiswa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-putty. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi kukhonjwe indawo kakhonkolo noma i-plaster ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwethayela phansi. I-primer kufanele isetshenziswe izikhathi ezingama-2-3, ilinde ukuthi ungqimba owedlule lome ngokuphelele.
Izikimu zokunamathisela amathayili nokumaka kophahla
Ngenxa yamaphutha wokufaka, ngisho namathayili amahle kakhulu ngeke abukeke emuhle. Ukuze isiphetho sisebenze futhi ngasikhathi sinye sivumelane, kuyadingeka ukuthi udwebe uhlelo lokuhlelwa kwamathayili. Ukwenza lokhu, linganisa izindonga - khumbula ukuthi izindonga eziphikisanayo zingaba nokungafani ngosayizi. Okokuqala dweba uhlelo ephepheni ukukala. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ubale ngokunembile inani lamapuleti nokuhleleka kokubekwa kwawo. Ngemuva kwalokho, umdwebo kufanele udluliselwe ophahleni. Uzodinga irula, ipensela, isikwele sokwakha, nentambo. Umaki wenziwa ngokuya ngesikimu esikhethiwe. Indlela yesakhiwo inqunywa ngokuya ngobude besilingi nomqondo womklami.
Izikimu zokubeka:
- Okwakudala. Amathayili abekwa emigqeni eminyene ngasodongeni. Ukunamathisela kuqala kusukela enkabeni. Isinqumo sokukhetha le ndlela yokufaka sithathwa uma ufuna ukudala indawo ephelele usebenzisa amathayili angenamthungo. Enye inguqulo yenguqulo yakudala - ebeka ngokushintshwa komugqa ngamunye olandelayo ngengxenye yethayela - ifana nezitini. Uphahla olunjalo lubukeka luthandeka ngokwengeziwe futhi lunomoya. Ngale ndlela, thenga amathayili ngemajini - kuzoba nezicucu eziningi.
- Ngokulandelana. Indlela yendawo yonke efanelekile ukufakwa kophahla kwanoma yisiphi isayizi. Ukumakwa kwenziwa eceleni kwe-diagonals ukuze ukubekwa kwenziwe ngakubo. Udinga ukuqala ukunamathisela kusuka kusikrini. Kufanele ibanjelwe enkabeni yesikwele sokuqala. Kufanele kube ku-angle engu-45 degree odongeni ngalunye. Imicu eqinisiwe isetshenziselwa ukuthola isikhungo. Ungadweba futhi ama-diagonals eceleni kwawo. Amathayili alandelayo anamathele ngokuqinile entweni emaphakathi kuze kubekwe yonke indawo. Amapuleti kufanele asebenze ngokuqinile emigqeni emakiwe. Ukubeka idayimane kwenza uphahla lube lukanokusho futhi lubukeke, lubukeke ngamehlo ubukhulu. Ukubuyela emuva okukodwa - kuzoba nezicucu eziningi kakhulu kunendlela yendabuko.
- Emangele. Okokusebenza kwe- "checkerboard" ophahleni, uzodinga amaphaneli ngemibala emibili. Izinhlanganisela eziphikisanayo zibukeka ziwumbukwane - omnyama nomhlophe, ngokubomvu, ophuzi, nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kubalulekile ukuthi imibala ekhethiwe ithole ukwesekwa esikhaleni esisele. Ukunamathisela kuqala kusukela enkabeni futhi kuqhubeke kuze kuqedwe umsebenzi. Imigqa yamathayili ibekwa ngokufana nezindonga. Okunye okungeziwe kwale ndlela ukuthi kungasetshenziswa ukuphambukisa ukunakwa kusuka ekungalingani kwesisekelo.
- Inyoka - yenziwa ngokumakwa okuvundlile. Kubalulekile ukukhetha imibala ehambelana kahle nomunye nomunye. Ungakhetha okufanayo noma, kunalokho, i-shades ehlukile futhi unamathele amathayili ngokuhambisana nephethini elungiselelwe. Uma umbono wokubeka uphahla ngenyoka ufika engqondweni ngemuva kokuthenga ithayili elicacile noma isitolo asitholanga okokusebenza ngemithunzi efanelekile, izakhi zingamane zidwezwe ngemibala efanele ingaphakathi elinikeziwe. Uzodinga upende omhlophe we-acrylic kanye nemibala emibili.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yamathayili wokunamathisela ingatholakala kuvidiyo.
Ukuhlanza kanye ne-caulking
Ngemuva kokunamathisela amaphaneli, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlanze indawo kusuka kunoma iyiphi i-glue eye yafika kuyo ngephutha noma yaphumela eceleni komswakama. Kumele isuswe ngokuphelele futhi ingahlehliswa unomphela. Yisule ngesiponji esimanzi noma ngendwangu ethambile, engenamabala. Imizuzwana embalwa yokulibaziseka ingadala ukuthi amabala aqine futhi ngeke isulwe. Ngakho-ke, gcina i-rag nebhakede lamanzi eduze ngenkathi usebenza, futhi khumbula ukuhlanza ithayili ngalinye ngemuva nje kokunamathisela.
Uma ungakwazanga ukubeka amathayili emuva emuva, kulungile. Gcwalisa ama-void amancane nge-mastic esetshenziselwe ukufakwa noma nge-putty uma ifana nombala wethayela. Imaski seams kahle nge-acrylic sealant emhlophe. Inamathela ngokuphelele ezintweni ezibhekene nayo futhi ifihla kahle yonke imifantu. Sebenzisa i-spatula yenjoloba encane ukugcwalisa izikhala. Ngemuva kokumboza umthungo, sula ngokushesha noma ikuphi okweqile ngesiponji esimanzi noma umqubu. Uma izintambo zivaliwe ngobunono, ngeke zonakalise ukubukeka kophahla lwakho.
Isiphetho
Manje uyazi ukuthi ngosizo lwama-tile ophahleni ungazenzela kalula futhi ngokushesha, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ulungise ophahleni ngokungabizi. Izinhlobonhlobo zemiklamo yale nto zikuvumela ukuthi udale ukumbozwa kophahla okuvumelanayo kwanoma yisiphi isitayela. Izibonelo zezinto zangaphakathi ezinophahla lwethayela, bheka isithombe.
