Idizayini yohlangothi olungaphambili lwesakhiwo ingesinye sezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwakha. Ukubukeka kwesakhiwo okwenza sikwazi ukunquma isitayela saso, ingcebo yezezimali yomnikazi, ngakho-ke, ukukhetha izinto zokuqedela ingilazi yendlu yangasese kufanele kubhekwane nayo ngendlela efanele. Ngempela, ngaphandle komsebenzi wokuhlobisa, ukumbozwa kudlala indima ebalulekile. Kuvikela izindonga emvuleni yomoya, ukukhanya kwelanga, kunikeza ukushisa okwengeziwe nokufakwa kwemisindo, kufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwe-microclimate enempilo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
Izidingo zokuqeda i-facade
Zonke izinhlelo ze-facade zehlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: engenawo umoya, umoya. Eyokuqala yalezi ayisho igebe lokungenisa umoya phakathi kokugcwala nodonga. Izinto zokuqeda zilungiswa ngengxube yokunamathisela, udaka, ukhonkolo. Isakhiwo sesibili sibizwa nangokuthi i-hinged. Kukhona isikhala phakathi komhlobiso nesakhiwo sokujikeleza komoya.
Imakethe yokwakha inikeza inani elikhulu lezinto ezahlukahlukene ezingasetshenziselwa ukubheka uhlangothi olungaphambili lwesakhiwo sokuhlala. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele ngqo kuya ngokuthi isakhiwo uqobo lwaso sakhiwe ngani. Kodwa-ke, zonke izinto zokwakha kumele zihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile, okuyilezi:
- Ukubukeka okuhle. Lo mbandela udlala indima ebalulekile.
- Izindleko. Akufanele wonge ekuhlobiseni kwangaphandle, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside.
- Ukuqina. Ukumbozwa okuhle bekuhlobisa indlu yezwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, ngaphandle kokudinga ukushintshwa njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4.
- Amandla. Ukufakwa kufanele kumelane nayo yonke imithwalo etholakala esakhiweni, kufaka phakathi nomonakalo ongaba khona womshini.
- Ukumelana nezinto eziphilayo. Ukumboza kufanele kube yinto yokwakheka nokusabalala kwesikhunta nesikhunta.
- Ubungani bemvelo. Amandla wokungalimazi imvelo ezungezile nabantu abaphilayo.
- Imelana nemvula esemkhathini. Izinto zokwakha akufanele zigezwe, ziguguleke ngaphansi kwethonya lamaza omoya, zicekelwe phansi futhi zishintshe umbala kusuka elangeni.
- Ukumelana nomswakama. Akwamukelekile ukuthi ukumbozwa kumunce futhi kudlulise umswakama.
- Ukuvuleka komhwamuko wamanzi. Ngokwemithetho yokwakha, iyakhula isuke ezintweni ezingaphakathi zodonga iye ezingaphandle.
- Ukumelana nomlilo. Okufanelekile, kufanele ukhethe izinto ezingavuthwa ezingavuthwa.
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa. Amandla okumelana nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza okuyisisekelo.
- Ukunakekelwa okulula. Ingaphezulu kufanele kube lula ukulihlanza ekungcoleni.
- Ukumelana ne-efflorescence. Uma umswakama ungena ngaphezulu, ukubonakala kasawoti wamaminerali akwamukelekile, okungagcini nje ngokulimaza ukubukeka, kepha futhi kudala umthwalo omkhulu.
- Imelana nezindawo ezinolaka.
Izinto zokuqedela olungaphambili lwendlu
Ukukhethwa kwezingubo ezifanele kakhulu kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Okokuqala, ukwakheka nezinto ezisetshenziselwa umhlobiso wangaphakathi nengaphandle kufanele zihambisane ngokuvumelanayo. Okwesibili, isitayela sesakhiwo esakhiwayo, ingaphandle laso kufanele lihambisane nendawo ejwayelekile yesiza, lihlanganiswe nazo zonke ezinye izakhiwo ezikhona kuso. Okwesithathu, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zesakhiwo uqobo, ezithinta uhlobo lwe-facade.
Ngokuya ngezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukumboza, wonke ama-facade angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: emanzi, eyomile. Ezokuqala zenziwa ngokusetshenziswa okuyimpoqo kwemixube yokwakha, ziqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo. Lezi zamuva zisho ukuboshwa kwezinto zokuqeda ngamabhawodi, amathoshi nezinye izinto zokubopha. Lolu hlobo lokuqeda lulula kakhulu, ukufakwa kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Uhlu lwezinto zokuqedela ukufaka izindlu zangasese lukhulu kakhulu. Ngomsebenzi, ungasebenzisa zombili izinto zokusetshenziswa zendabuko kanye nezanamuhla. Okokuqala kufaka isitini, ukhonkolo, itshe. Indlu yesibili - block, siding, amapaneli ahlukahlukene, njll. Ukuze kucace, sizohlala ngokuningiliziwe ezintweni zokwakha eziyinhloko, sifunde ngobuhle nobubi babo.
I-facade plaster: izinhlobo nezici zazo
I-Plaster, njengezinto ezibheke phezulu ezingxenyeni ezingaphambili zezindlu, isetshenziswe isikhathi eside. Lesi yisembozo esishibhile, esinobungani bemvelo esingasetshenziselwa ukwakha ingaphandle elihehayo, langempela lesakhiwo. Inqubo yokuyisebenzisa ilula, kepha kuzothatha ulwazi ukwenza umsebenzi kahle. Ngempela, uma ubuchwepheshe buphuliwe, ungqimba olufakwe ukhonkolo lungaqhekeka, luxebuke.
Imakethe yezokwakha inikezela ngezinto eziningi ezintsha zokuhlobisa ama-facade, kepha uku-plaster odongeni akukulahlekeli ukufaneleka kwayo. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bahlala bethuthukisa umkhiqizo wabo, benza izingxube ezintsha. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezixazululo ze-plaster, ezahlukile ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Okuyinhloko kwalezi zinhlaka ukwakheka.
Ngokuya ngezakhi ezisetshenziswe ekwenziweni, kungahlukaniswa izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-plaster yokuhlobisa: amaminerali, i-acrylic, i-silicone, i-silicate. Inketho ngayinye efakwe kuhlu inezakhiwo zayo zokusebenza. Ukunquma ukukhetha uhlobo oluthile, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke izici zayo yonke imixube, uqaphele amandla nobuthakathaka babo.
I-plaster yamaminerali
Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, ingxube yesakhiwo ibizwa nangokuthi usimende. Usimende wasePortland nosimende osezingeni eliphakeme asetshenziswa njengesibopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isixazululo siqukethe okugcwele, okumelwe ngenye yezinto ezilandelayo: i-quartz, imabula, i-mica, ubumba, i-ceramics, ingilazi. Usayizi wezingxenyana ezenezelwe udlala indima ebalulekile. Ngomsebenzi wangaphandle, okuphakathi (ingxenyenamba - 1.5-3 mm), enkulu (3.5-4 mm), ukuthungwa okuluhlaza (kufika ku-5 mm nangaphezulu) izinhlobo zeplastikhi zisetshenzisiwe.
Ukwakheka kwengxube kuqukethe izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene ezandisa ukumelana kwayo nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Inzuzo enkulu yezixazululo zamaminerali ngamandla abo aphakeme. Ezinye izinzuzo zifaka:
- ubuchwepheshe besicelo esilula;
- ukuvuleka okuhle komhwamuko, akukho ukufinyela okuvela ebusweni bezindonga;
- ukumboza akusabi imvula;
- ukumelana nezinguquko zokushisa;
- ingasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo;
- kuyinto esebenziseka kahle emvelweni;
- into engashisi;
- unezindleko eziphansi;
- indawo kulula ukuyinakekela futhi uyihlanze;
- ayiqubeki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
- unempilo ende yokusebenza;
- ikuvumela ukuthi udale ingubo efanayo;
- isikhunta nesikhunta akukhuli ekubambeni.
Okubi kufaka:
- ukuqina okuphansi, kungasetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kokuncipha okuphelele kwesakhiwo;
- ayikubekezeleli ukudlidliza;
- lapho ulungiselela isixazululo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke ngokunembile iresiphi, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusebenza okuphezulu kuzolahleka, ukuhuzuka kwesendlalelo esisetshenzisiwe kuzokwanda kaningana;
- ingxube yoma ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kufanele ixoveke ngezingxenyana ezincane;
- kumele igcinwe endaweni eyomile.
Ngenxa yokukhethwa okuncane kwezixazululo zombala, unganikeza umthunzi oyifunayo ngosizo lokufaka umbala owengeziwe. Ukudweba kungenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi isendlalelo esisetshenzisiwe sesomile ngokuphelele (ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili).
Ukhonkolo Acrylic
Isixazululo siqukethe cishe izingxenye eziyishumi ezihlukene, okuyinhloko i-resin ye-acrylic. Kuyinhlanganisela yokusabalalisa amanzi ekulungele ukusetshenziswa engadingi ukuxubana. Lolu hlobo alunabo ubungozi obukhulu be-plaster yamaminerali - iyanwebeka, ngakho-ke noma ngemuva kokuncipha kwesakhiwo, imifantu ayiveli ezindongeni. Kuyindlela enhle kulabo abafuna ukonga imali ekuqedeni nasekuhlanganisweni kwe-facade.
Amamiksi angasetshenziswa ukusebenza ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthenga. Uma kunesidingo, ungenza futhi ukudweba, engeza ama-antiseptics akhethekile avimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwefungus nesikhunta. Ukwengeza ukumelana nomswakama, engeza izinto zokuxosha amanzi. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa izithasiselo ezikhethekile ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Isibonelo, i-titanium dioxide inyusa ukumelana namathonya ezemvelo. Izinzuzo eziphambili zalolu hlobo yilezi:
- impilo ende yokusebenza, okungenani iminyaka eyi-15;
- ukuvuleka okuhle komhwamuko;
- ipulasitiki;
- ukumelana nomswakama;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukumelana okukhulu komthelela, ukumelana nokucindezela kwemishini;
- ukuphepha kwemvelo;
- ukuhlanza kalula;
- intengo efanele nokusetshenziswa kwezomnotho.
Okubi:
- Ukusha, akunakusetshenziswa nezinhlobo ezithile zokufakwa, isibonelo, uvolo wamaminerali;
- yoma ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukusebenza nesixazululo ngokushesha;
- i-electrostaticity ephansi, ngenxa yamandla kagesi ayi-zero, uthuli nenhlabathi enhle inamathela ebusweni.
Ukhonkolo Silicate
Lolu hlobo lodaka, njengodaka lwe-acrylic, luthengiswa selulungiselelwe. Ingxenye eyinhloko ingilazi ewuketshezi. Ingxube ifaka phakathi: ukuhlakazeka okunamanzi kwe-potassium ne-sodium silicates, ukugcwaliswa kwamaminerali (ama-chips emabula, i-quartz, amatshe amancane, njll.), Izinguquko, imibala yokwenza umbala othile. Ingenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa i-facade, kepha kuyabiza impela.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezingxube ze-silicate, kepha zonke ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye kuphela ekugcwaliseni okuyingxenye yokwakheka okungashintshi. Kungcono ukufaka isixazululo kukhonkolo, izitini, izindonga zebhulokhi. Isikhathi se-crystallization ephelele sifinyelela ezinsukwini eziyi-14. Akuvunyelwe neze ukuxubana nosimende nezinye izinhlobo zezinto zokuqedela. Ukumboza kunezinzuzo eziningi:
- ukuqina, ungesabi ukwakha ukuncipha, akukho imifantu evela ebusweni;
- ukuhlanzwa kalula, lapho ukungcola kuvela, igezwa kalula ngamanzi;
- ukuvuleka okuphezulu komhwamuko;
- inhlanzeko yemvelo;
- ayinaphunga;
- engenamanzi, into ingasetshenziswa ezindongeni ezinamaphiko nezikhululekile;
- ihlala njalo;
- inokunamathela okuhle.
Okubi:
- imibala encane ekhethiwe;
- ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo odongeni, kufanele welashwe ngaphambili nge-primer;
- ukufiphala elangeni, ikakhulukazi imibala emnyama;
- ukwakheka kusetha ngokushesha, kungakapheli amahora amathathu;
- intengo ephezulu.
Ukhonkolo Silicone
I-plaster iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo: ama-resin emulsified resins, amaminerali okugcwalisa, izithasiselo ezisebenzayo, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza. Ngokuya ngesisekelo, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo zalesi sici: i-silicate-silicone (ingilazi yamanzi ye-potassium ingeziwe), i-acrylic-silicone (ama-polymeri e-acrylic), i-siloxane (i-thermoplastic silicone).
Izixazululo ezenziwe ngama-silicone emulsions zingasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo, ngaphandle kwensimbi. Njengabalingani bangaphambilini, ingxube ithengiswa yenziwe ngomumo, ukuze uqalise, vele uvule isitsha. Izici eziningi ziyefana nezinhlanganisela ze-silicate, kepha lolu hlobo lwe-plaster lunwebeka kakhulu, izakhiwo zokubambelela ziphakeme. Futhi phakathi kwezinzuzo ezinkulu kukhona:
- amandla, ukumboza cishe akubolekisi ekucindezelekeni kwemishini;
- ukumelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet;
- i-hydrophobicity;
- ukuphikisa;
- ukumelana nezindawo ezinolaka namakhemikhali;
- ungesabi ushintsho lokushisa;
- kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane;
- ukukhethwa okubanzi kwemibala ehlukahlukene;
- kulula ukuhlanza ngamanzi;
- ukumbozwa kuphefumula;
- impilo ende yeminyaka engu-25.
Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo yenhlanganisela yizindleko eziphezulu, kepha ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwento kuyimboza ngokuphelele. Futhi, ukungalungi kwalesi sidakamizwa kufaka phakathi ubunzima bokuqedwa komsebenzi.
Ukubhekana nezitini: izinzuzo nezinkinga
Isitini sangaphambili (esibheke) siyinto yendabuko esetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa olungaphambili lwesonto. Ngokubukeka, kufana namabriquettes wokwakha ajwayelekile, kepha kunokukhetha kokuhlobisa. Ukuqina kuyinzuzo enkulu kunezinye izinhlobo zokubopha. Ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe uthango olunamandla oluzungeza indlu olungamelana cishe nanoma yikuphi ukucindezelwa kwemishini, imvula, ushintsho lokushisa.
Ubuso bangaphambili bama-briquettes bungaba nobuso obushelelezi noma obenziwe ngombala. Izinto zokugqoka zitholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswayo, i-ceramic, clinker, hyper-pressed, izinketho ze-silicate zingahlukaniswa. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ibonakala ngezakhiwo ezithile, inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokwaziswa ukungcola kwayo. Okwembesa, ubukhona be-voids bubalulekile, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise isisindo esiphelele samatshe, unciphise ingcindezi ezinhlakeni ezisekelayo, futhi usize ukugcina ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, amamodeli aqinile awasetshenziswanga emsebenzini, ngaphandle kwezitini ezicindezelwe kakhulu, okuthi, ngokwencazelo, ngendlela yokukhiqiza, zingabi nalutho.
Ukuchofoza
Ekukhiqizeni i-clinker, kusetshenziswa ubumba "oluncane", oluqukethe inani elikhulayo lesihlabathi se-quartz. Ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo, i-basalt yentaba-mlilo, okuyiglasi yemvelo empeleni, ingezwa ekwakhiweni. Ukushisa kokudubula kungu-1900 °, kuletha ubumba eduze nendawo yokuncibilika. Ukucubungula okunjalo kwenza isitina sihlale siqinile, lapho sithaywa, siyakhala (i-clinker in translation - ringing).
Izinzuzo:
- ukumelana nomonakalo wemishini;
- ukumuncwa umswakama ompofu;
- i-porosity ephansi, ngaphezu kokumelana namanzi, le nkomba ivimbela ukuvela kobulembu ngaphambili;
- impilo ende yokusebenza (ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-100);
- ukumelana nemvelo enolaka.
Okubi:
- amandla adonsela phansi aphezulu;
- ukuvuleka komusi ophansi;
- ukuqina okuphezulu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokushisa;
- inqubo yokwenza isitayela eyinkimbinkimbi;
- intengo ephezulu.
Bobumba
Isitini esibomvu senziwa ngobumba olushisiwe. Lolu uhlobo olushibhile lokugqokwa uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-analogues. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bulula impela: ubumba olukhishwe enkwalini luyachotshozwa, lukhululwe, futhi uma kunesidingo, kunezelwa isihlabathi kulo. Ingxube evelayo yakhiwa ibe ama-briquettes, ayomiswa, bese edubula kuhhavini ezingeni lokushisa elingu-1100-1300 °. Ukufeza umphumela wokuhlobisa, okokusebenza kungapendwa, kufakwe imibhalo, noma kufakwe iphethini.
Izinzuzo:
- amandla;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- inhlanzeko yemvelo;
- ukuqina;
- ukumelana nomlilo;
- izimfanelo ezinhle zokuvimbela umsindo;
- izinhlobonhlobo zamasayizi nokwakheka;
- izindleko eziphansi.
Okubi:
- ukwakheka okungenzeka kwe-efflorescence;
- ubu-ethe-ethe, ukuba sengozini ekucindezelekeni kwemishini;
- i-hygroscopicity;
- imibala encane ekhethiwe, kusuka ku-ocher ekhanyayo kuya kokumnyama okumnyama;
- lapho usuthengisa ungathola imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi.
Ukucindezelwa
Izinto zokwakha zibonakaliswa ngamandla aphakeme nejometri efanele, empeleni, itshe lokufakelwa. Ekhiqizweni kwezitini, usimende, i-limestone, imfucumfucu yezimboni (umlotha ovela ezitshalweni zikagesi, umkhiqizo wokucubungula izinkampani zezimayini nokucubungula amabhizinisi ezimboni, ama-slags avela kubhayela nakumafutha, njll.) Umehluko omkhulu kusuka kuma-analogue wangaphambilini ukungabikho kokudubula.
Izinzuzo:
- ukumelana nezindawo ezinolaka;
- okuhlala isikhathi eside;
- ngokuya ngamandla idlula kakhulu imikhiqizo ye-silicate ne-ceramic;
- inesimo sejometri esilungile, indawo ebushelelezi emaphethelweni;
- izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingayilimazi imvelo;
- ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuqinisekiswa, ngisho nokubeka.
Okubi:
- isisindo esisindayo, sithwala kanzima esisekelweni, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukuhlobisa udonga, ikakhulukazi ukuhlobisa igumbi elingaphansi;
- ama-briquettes kufanele omiswe ngaphambi kokubeka;
- ine-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa;
- ingalahlekelwa umbala wayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
- intengo ephezulu.
Isitini esiyisilikhi
Isitini se-Silicate ngama-briquettes ajwayelekile omumo enziwe ngesihlabathi se-quartz kanye ne-lime ngokulingana kwe-9: 1. Ngokwengeziwe, izithasiselo nama-colorants kungenzeka abekhona engxenyeni. Ukuze unikeze amandla, okubonakalayo kuphathwa ukushisa kuma-autoclaves akhethekile. Ububi obukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo ukumelana kwayo nobuthakathaka emanzini, kumunca kalula umswakama, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukumbozwa, kudinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe komhlaba.
Izinzuzo:
- amandla nokuphakama okukhulu;
- ukuma kwejometri okulungile;
- anhlobonhlobo imibala;
- ehlanzekile kunawo wonke ngamagama anobuthi;
- ukwahlukanisa kahle umsindo;
- i-efflorescence ayiveli ngaphezulu;
- izindleko eziphansi.
Okubi:
- ukwesaba umswakama (ukumuncwa kwamanzi ngaphezu kwe-15%);
- isisindo esinzima;
- ukwahlukanisa okushisayo okuphansi;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa okuphansi.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-facade siding
Umkhiqizo wesizukulwane esisha usanda kusabalala emakethe. Ukubhekana nezindonga kungaba ngamasayizi ahlukile futhi kufaka phakathi izinto ezahlukahlukene ekubunjweni kwayo. Isetshenziswa njengezinto zokuqedela ukufekethiswa kwezakhiwo ezingaphandle kwezakhiwo. Indaba yaziwa ngokulula kwayo ukucubungula nokufakwa kalula. Ayikho i-hardware ekhethekile edingekayo ukufakwa. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokugqokiswa kwangaphandle, ngayinye enesiphetho esihlukile nobude bempilo.
IVinyl
Amapaneli anjalo emaceleni enziwe nge-PVC. Ukuze uthuthukise izici zento, kunezelwa izithasiselo ezikhethekile. Isidingo sezinto ezinjalo siphakeme kakhulu kunamanye amamodeli wepaneli. Lokhu kungenxa yalezi zakhiwo ezinhle ezilandelayo:
- Ukuqina. Impilo yesevisi iminyaka engu-15-50;
- Ukuntuleka kokusebenza kukagesi;
- Ukumelana nezinqubo ezonakalisayo;
- Amandla okumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu futhi aphezulu. Indaba ayikhubazi ngamanani kusuka ku -50 kuye ku- + 50 ° C;
- Isisindo esincane nokuqina ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okwenza lula umsebenzi wokufaka;
- Izinga eliphakeme lokuhlobisa.
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo, kukhona ezinye izingqinamba okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha le nketho yokuqeda. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-polystyrene inokumelana okuphansi nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ungqimba lwayo oluphezulu luyashesha ukusha, oluthinta umbono wangaphandle walo lonke ukwakheka. Lapho ubeka, kubalulekile ukushiya izikhala zokunweba, ikakhulukazi emakhoneni, ukuze kuthi lapho kushiswa, amaphaneli akhule ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokukhubazeka. Okubi kufaka phakathi ubuthi be-PVC.
Izinkuni
Uhlobo olubizayo kodwa oluthandekayo lwe-facade siding. Ukuze amaphaneli anjalo asebenze isikhathi eside futhi abukeke ekhangayo, aphathwa ngokukhulelwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokufakwa. Ibhodi lezinkuni elihlanganisiwe lilungele imvelo kakhulu. Kuphephe ngokuphelele empilweni yomuntu nasemvelweni. Ukumboza kunikeza ukushintshaniswa kwemiphunga okuhle kakhulu futhi kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwalesi sakhiwo.
Insimbi
Ekwenziweni kwe-siding enjalo, kuthathwa amashidi wensimbi agingqiwe futhi agxivizwa. Izingxenye eziholelwayo ziphathwa ezinhlangothini zombili nge-polymer yokuhlobisa nokumboza okuvikelayo. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zemikhiqizo zisetshenziselwa ubuhlakani:
- I-Aluminium siding siding. Imininingwane eyenziwe ngebhodi likathayela ayisindi futhi ihlobisa kakhulu. Ziqinile, azilimazi imvelo;
- Steel lashukumisa. Izinto zokwakha ezingaphambili ezenziwe ngoshidi oshubile zimbozwe ngamakhemikhali wokuvikela, okwenza ukuthi kumelane nezinto zangaphandle.
Usimende
Izakhi zokuqeda kungaba usimende we-fiber (ukhonkolo) noma usimende we-asbestos. Esimweni sokuqala, okokusebenza kuqukethe isihlabathi, usimende nefayibha yeselulosi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuqanjwa, isisindo sezingxenye eziqediwe kugodo olunezingodo luyancipha futhi ukuqiniswa kwazo kuyakhula. Ukumboza kunezici ezilandelayo:
- Ukumelana nokushisa okweqile;
- Ukuqina;
- Ukumelana nokushisa nokushisa;
- Usayizi Kalula izingxenye.
Izakhi ze-asbestos-samente azisakazeki kakhulu, ngoba zingaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhiqiza buvumela ukunciphisa ingxenye yomthelela oyingozi.
Itshe lemvelo nelokufakelwa
Itshe lemvelo, njenge-sandstone, livame ukusetshenziselwa ukumbozwa kwe-facade. Ihlukile ngemvelaphi, ukubukeka, amandla, isisindo. Ukuhlobisa okunjalo kuzokwenza ukuthi isakhiwo sibonakale sikhange futhi sandise impilo yaso ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zalolu khetho zifaka:
- Ukusebenziseka. Izinto azonakalisi futhi azishintshi ukubukeka kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zivikela ngokuthembekile izinto zangaphakathi zokwakheka;
- I-assortment enkulu. Ungathenga amaminerali ngemibala ehlukahlukene kanye nokwakheka. Abakhiqizi bakhiqiza amapuleti, amapheshana, amashidi wanoma yisiphi isayizi;
- Ukubukeka okuhle. Ukumbozwa okunjalo kuzohlukanisa noma yisiphi isakhiwo ngokuqhathaniswa nesizinda jikelele sezakhiwo, noma ngabe umhlobiso wenziwa kuphela ngokwengxenye;
- Ukwenza inzuzo. Izakhi zemvelo zingashintshwa ngezenziwe zokwenziwa. Kunzima ukuhlukanisa nokwasekuqaleni, futhi baze bakudlule kwezinye izici.
I-facade yamatshe e-porcelain
Izindleko eziphezulu zezinto ezinjalo zivunyelwe ngezici zayo ezithuthukisiwe. Akusekeli ukushisa, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala izithiyo. Ngokuya ngezimo zonke zokusebenza, impilo yayo yesevisi ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-50. Ngenxa yezici ezinhle kakhulu zobuchwepheshe be-porcelain stoneware, amathayili kulula ukuwacubungula futhi aqoqwe ngokushesha.
Ukufakwa kungenziwa ngesandla kuphela uma unamakhono athile ekusebenzeni nalolo lwazi. Ukusebenza kabi kungaholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zezezimali futhi kube yingozi ezimpilweni zabantu.
Ubuhle nobubi bamapaneli wesamishi
Amapaneli asemqoka futhi abheke phezulu asetshenziselwa ukugqokiswa kwe-facade. Kungukufakwa kwepulasitiki noma kwamaminerali okuphakathi kwamashidi amabili wensimbi. Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwenqe lishiya lubushelelezi noma lukathayela, kuthi uhlangothi olungaphandle luhlotshiswe ngokhuni, ngamatshe, noma ngopulasitela. Izinzuzo eziphambili zalolu hlobo lokuqeda zifaka izinto ezilandelayo:
- Isisindo esiphansi;
- Isakhiwo seselula;
- Ukuphepha kwemvelo;
- Kungenzeka ukufakwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka nanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu;
- Ukumelana nokushintshashintsha komswakama nokushisa;
- Intengo engabizi.
Phakathi kwamaphutha, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu ukulimala kwemishini. Futhi, amabhuloho abandayo angakha ezinhlanganisweni zezakhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungagwema imiphumela emibi ngesikhathi sokusebenza uma ulandela ngokuqinile imithetho yokufaka.
Olungaphambili lwesonto Umoya
Ngenxa yedivayisi ekhethekile, izinto zinezimfanelo ezinhle ngokwedlulele. Zisiza ukugcina okuqukethwe okuphelele komswakama esakhiweni sodonga nasekamelweni uqobo, nokuvikela izindawo ezingaphandle elangeni nasemvuleni. Babuye bafihle ngokuphelele ukukhubazeka nemifantu ezindongeni.
Ukufakwa kungenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Uhlobo ngalunye lokugcwalisa kanye ne-facade luzohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile nokubukeka kwesimanje, okuhle. Kungcono ukuhlobisa izindonga kucatshangelwa izici zesifunda lapho kutholakala khona lesi sakhiwo.
Izimfanelo ezinhle zobungcweti obungenisa umoya zizotholakala kuphela uma izakhi uqobo lwazo zenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme nokufakwa okunekhono kwenziwe. Izincomo zomkhiqizi, ubukhulu bokugcwaliswa, izinga lokuvumela, ukumelana nesithwathwa nezinye izinkomba kufanele zicatshangelwe.
Amakhasethi angaphambili
Isici esiyinhloko semikhiqizo enjalo yisikwele, isimo esingunxande. Ngokuvamile zenziwa ngensimbi ethile noma ngama-alloys. Amaphethelo ezinto agobele ngaphakathi, okwenza abukeke njengamabhokisi. Ukuze uqinise, banezimbobo ezikhethekile kanye namafolda engxenyeni engenhla. Bafaka izingxenye zensimbi odongeni besebenzisa izikulufu zokuzicofa noma ama-rivets.
Ngosizo lwamakhasethi angaphambili, ungashintsha kalula ukubukeka kwesakhiwo, wakhe isiphetho esinomoya, futhi uthuthukise ingaphandle. Zibuye zisetshenziswe njengenketho yesabelomali lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha, ngokusho kwesithombe esedlule.
Amapaneli wokushisa we-facade
Izinto zanamuhla zinezinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Ngaphandle, amapaneli ashisayo afana nezitini. Ziqukethe izingqimba eziningana. Imvamisa lokhu kuyisisekelo, ukugcwaliswa kokufakwa okushisayo kanye nokwembesa kokuhlobisa. Izici ezikhethekile zento eminyene, ehlala isikhathi eside ziyivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe ezifundeni ezinamazinga okushisa ahlala elibi.
Ngenxa yesisindo sayo esiphansi nendawo enkulu, imikhiqizo kulula ukuyihlanganisa. Izinto ezingazodwana zingaphakanyiswa kalula futhi zisikwe. Ngenxa yamajoyinti wokukhiya, izingxenye zihlanganiswa kalula futhi zihlanganiswe. Ukusetshenziswa kwamapaneli ashisayo kukuvumela ukuthi uvikele ngokuthembekile izindonga emakhazeni, emswakeni nasekubunjeni.
Amaphaneli Engilazi
Izinzuzo zalesi siphetho zixhomeke ohlotsheni lwezinto ezikhethiwe. Okokuqala, zonke izinto zengilazi zivikela ama-facade ethonyeni lemisebe ye-ultraviolet namanye amathonya angaphandle ayingozi. Ngezinga elanele lamandla, abukeka entekenteke futhi engenasisindo. Amapaneli anjalo akwazi ukumelana nanoma imuphi umthwalo ngokwesigaba sawo. Kungaba ukumelana nomthelela, ukuvikela ukugqekeza, ngisho nezinto ezingena zinhlamvu.
Phakathi kwamaphutha, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ubunzima bokufakwa, ukuklama nobunzima ekubaleni ukwakheka kwe-glazing yangaphakathi. Futhi, okungalungile yinani eliphakeme lezinto ngokwazo kanye nokufakwa kohlaka lohlaka.
Yiziphi izinto nokuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani kahle
Okuhlanganisiwe kungabhekwa njengezindlu eziyizitezi ezimbili noma ezinezitezi ezimbili, ezinomklamo owakhiwe ngezinto zokwakha eziningana. Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto lungahlala ngesilinganiso esihlukile. Izinketho zokuhlanganiswa ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu:
- Inhlanganisela yezinhlobonhlobo zezinkuni ezithambile;
- Umsebenzi wamatshe wokuhlobisa kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuhunyushwa kwezingodo;
- Inhlanganisela yamatshe nezinkuni ngendlela ebushelelezi noma eqoshiwe;
- Ukubeka okunye ngamatshe nezitini;
- Ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwebhulokhi legwebu, ukhonkolo ovulekile nokhuni egumbini elisophahleni.
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha okokusebenza
Ngaphambi kokukhetha okokuqedela, kufanele uqale uqonde izici zayo. Ngabe kunesidingo sokufaka nokuvikela umsindo kwesakhiwo esijwayelekile noma i-chalet. Isisindo sezinto ngazinye kanye nokwakheka nakho kubalulekile. Uma le nkomba inkulu, kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile isisekelo. Ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngokhuni, izinto zokuqedela ezinenkomba ephezulu yokuphepha emlilweni kufanelekile.
Isitayela nesitayela sombala
I-facade iluphawu lwanoma yiliphi ikhaya, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhetha isikimu salo sombala ngomthwalo omkhulu. Ukushefa izindonga, kudingekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme kuphela ukuze zihlale zikhanya isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka futhi zingapheli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho ukhetha umbala, abaklami abangochwepheshe batusa ukunamathela kweminye imithetho. Ikotishi kufanele lingene ezweni elizungezile. Futhi, ungagqamisi indlu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda samabhilidi angomakhelwane.
Ezindlini zokhuni, imibala ye-pastel ifanelekile. Uma isakhiwo sidala, ngakho-ke kungcono ukushiya umbala owaklanywa ekuqaleni ngumakhi wezakhiwo. Indlu efana nenqaba ingashiswa ngezinto ngombala wamatshe wemvelo noma ibekwe ngezitini. Kufanele uqale udwebe umdwebo onemininingwane.
Intengo nekhwalithi
Lapho ukhetha okokusebenza kokuqedela i-facade, ukunakekelwa akukhokhelwa kuphela ekusebenzeni nasekuqineni kwayo, kepha futhi nasekuxhumaneni kwentengo nekhwalithi. Ukugqokiswa kumele kuthobele wonke amazinga we-aesthetics nokwethembeka. Kepha akufanele uthenge izinto ezibiza kakhulu ngomsebenzi, ngaphandle kokuqiniseka okugcwele kokuthi leso sinqumo sizolungiswa.
Akuwona wonke umndeni okwazi ukukhetha noma iyiphi indlela yokuqedela bese uyifaka ngokungabizi. Abanikazi abaningi bezindlu ezizimele bakhetha izakhi ngokunganaki kobuhle obubonakalayo ngisho nokusebenza. Ukwenza ukufakwa kwenketho yesabelomali eshibhile, kuyadingeka ekuqaleni ukunquma izici eziyinhloko zokuzikhethela.
Isiphetho
Umhlobiso we-facade uya ngokuya uthandwa kakhulu. Isidingo sezinhlobo ezinjalo zomsebenzi sandisa ukutholakala okuhlobene kwezinto, izinhlobo zazo ezinkulu. Ngokukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwezingxenye, umbala wazo nokuthungwa, ungenza indlu yakho ehlala njalo noma yezwe ihluke ngokuphelele futhi ingeyangempela. Kuzohlala kubukeka kukuhle futhi kusebenza.
