Izinto zokwakha eziningi ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kanye nezakhiwo ezingaphandle ekuqaleni zibukeka zingabukeki, izindonga ezakhiwe zidinga ukugqokwa okwengeziwe. Ukuhlobisa kwe-facade kusengadingeka uma kwenzeka kulahleka ukukhanga kwayo, ngokwakhiwa kwemifantu. Enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokugqokiswa ngokhuni lwemvelo. Ngosizo lwayo, awukwazi ukwenza kuphela okwangaphandle, kepha nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwendlu ngokulingisa izingodo, i-clapboard, i-block house.
Izici zokuqeda
Izinkuni yinto eguquguqukayo esetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokwakha izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okukhangayo kanye nezinzuzo eziningi, izinkuni azilahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwazo. Izingodo, imishayo namabhodi, okunamathiselwe nokucindezelwa kwamashidi ezinkuni (i-fiberboard, i-chipboard, i-plywood, njll.) Kwenziwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezinokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene.
Izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni zibukeka zizinhle, kepha izindleko zezakhiwo ziphakeme impela. Ukonga ezindlekweni zokwakha, ungasebenzisa izingodo ezilingisa ubuso bezingodo eziphathwayo namabhodi anamathiselwe. Zingasetshenziselwa ukugoqa izitini, ukhonkolo, i-cinder block, ngisho nezindonga zokhuni. Ngeke nje bahlobise isisekelo, kodwa futhi bazosebenza njengesivikelo esengeziwe kumathonya ahlukahlukene.
Ibhodi elihlotshiswe ngamapulangwe ngamanga, ingxenye yalo yangaphandle ifakwa ngaphansi kokhuni. Amapaneli ayafana nolwelwesi, kepha abanzi futhi ayajiya. Ubukhulu buhluka kusuka ku-160 - 360 mm, ububanzi - 100 - 200 mm, ubude - 2000 - 6000 mm. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ingaba nobunye ubukhulu. Ukuxhuma izakhi ndawonye, uhlelo lwe-thorn-groove lusetshenziswa, olukuvumela ukuthi wenze indawo yokugcina ngisho, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukukhubazeka.
Ekhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo eqediwe, ama-conifers asetshenziswa kakhulu, njenge-spruce, uphayini, umsedari, i-larch. Izinhlobo ezinqabayo ezifana ne-oki, i-elm, imephu, i-alder zibiza kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buqukethe izigaba eziningana: ukomiswa kwezikhala, ukusika, ukucubungula ngamakhemikhali wokubulala amagciwane, ukugaya indawo ngokwakhiwa kwama-spikes nama-grooves, ukupholisha, ukuhlunga imikhiqizo.
Izingodo zokulingisa zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo. Ukupaka kusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izindlu, amagaraji, izindawo zokudlela, izindawo zokudlela, nezinye izakhiwo ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa komphakathi noma kwangasese. Indaba ikuvumela ukuthi ufihle ngokuphelele isisekelo esingabukeki. Ngokuya kokuklanywa, ugongolo ophakanyisiwe unamandla amangalisayo. Ukugqokiswa kudala inkohliso yokwakhiwa kwamatshe okwenziwe ngokhuni, akubonakali kubi kakhulu kunokwasekuqaleni.
Umhlobiso wangaphandle wendlu ngokulingisa izingodo
Ungahlobisa ingaphandle lekhaya lakho ngezindlela ezihlukile. Okomsebenzi, kusetshenziswa izingxube zezakhiwo ezimanzi noma izinto zokuqeda ezomile. Lapho ukhetha okokusebenza okufanelekile okuluhlaza okwenzelwe ukumbozwa, okokuqala, kufanele kunakwe ekuphumeni kwawo komhwamuko. Ukuphela kwangaphandle kufanele kuqhube umusi kangcono kunokwakhiwa okusetshenziselwa izindonga.
Izinkuni kuphela ezihlangabezana nemfuneko. Lolu kuphela uhlobo lokugqokiswa okususa umswakama owedlulele ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Isembozo esishibhile singahlelwa kusetshenziswa ibhodi ejwayelekile ehlelwe, kepha ugongolo lwamanga lukuvumela ukuthi wenze umklamo ongcono. Ingasusa noma iyiphi indawo. Inkinga enkulu ilele ekuhlanganiseni ama-batt olungaphambili lwesakhiwo.
Ngomsebenzi, kusetshenziswa umsedari, i-larch, i-oki nomlotha kuphela. Lezi zinhlobo zinamandla amakhulu kakhulu okubola. I-spruce, i-aspen, i-alder, i-linden, nezinye izinhlobo ezinekhono eliphansi lokumelana nezici namanxusa okubhujiswa akulungele ukusetshenziswa komgwaqo.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukushuba kwe-lamella kufanele kube ngaphezu kwama-25 mm, nobubanzi - 150 mm, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwakhiwa kwamatshe ngeke kubukeke njengemishayo yemvelo, kodwa njengolwelwesi olujwayelekile, laminate.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ugodo lwamanga ludlula noma yiluphi olunye uhlangothi ngokuya ngezici zokuhlobisa, luze lulingise nokwakheka kwesihlahla. Okokuqala, okubalulekile kungokwemvelo. Okwesibili, ingaphandle layo lifana ncamashi nebha efakiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka okukhangayo kubalulekile, kepha hhayi okuwukuphela kwenjabulo yokubopha. Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziphambili yilezi:
- Ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo. Amapulangwe alungele imvelo ngokuphelele. Ayikhiphi izinto eziyingozi, iphephe ngokuphelele kubantu.
- Ukufakwa okulula. Ungazifaka ngokwakho amaphaneli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ube nombono wokuhleleka komsebenzi, ubukhona bamakhono amancane wokwakha.
- Uhlelo lokuxhuma inqwaba yamashidi. Ngenxa yobukhona bama-spikes nama-grooves, ama-lamellas aboshelwe ngokuphephile komunye nomunye, futhi umoya opholile wesakhiwo sonke wenziwa ngemigwaqo engemuva kwamapaneli.
- Izindleko eziphansi. Imikhiqizo eqediwe ayibizi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-turf yokufakelwa, futhi intengo yokufaka yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlangothi icishe ifane.
- Ama-aesthetics aphezulu. I-facade egqoke izinto zokwakha ibukeka icocekile, ibiza futhi ihloniphekile, futhi ngungcweti kuphela ongayihlukanisa nokwakhiwa kwangempela.
- Umsebenzi wokuvikela. Ukufakwa kuvikela izindonga ekucindezelekeni kwemishini, ukukhanya kwelanga, izenzakalo zemvelo.
- Impilo yesevisi ende. Ngomsebenzi ofanele wokufaka, ukunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukumbozwa kuzohlala isikhathi eside.
- Ukufakwa kwe-Thermal nokunciphisa umsindo. Ukufakwa kukhulisa izakhiwo ezivikela ukushisa nokuvikela umsindo zezakhiwo ezivalekile.
- Isisindo esincane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukumboza cishe noma yikuphi ukwahlukanisa.
Njenganoma iyiphi enye impahla, ugongolo oluphakanyisiwe alunazo izingqinamba zalo. Okubi okubaluleke kakhulu kufaka:
- Ukumelana nomlilo okuphansi. Ama-lamellas akhanyisa ngokushesha, ngisho nokucubungula ngezingoma ezikhethekile zomhlaba wokuqeda akuvumeli ukuthi le parameter yenziwe ize.
- Ukunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuyadingeka njalo, ngezikhathi ezithile zeminyaka engu-2-3, ukushintsha ungqimba wopende no-varnish, ukwelapha indawo nge-antiseptic nangezinye izindlela ezivikela izinkuni emvuleni, ekonakaleni nasezinambuzane.
- Intengo yezesekeli. Ngokuphambene nokulingiswa kokhuni, izindleko zezinto ezingeziwe (ngokwesibonelo, amakhona wangaphandle noma wangaphakathi, ukuhlobisa, amafreyimu amawindi) aphezulu kakhulu.
Ungayikhetha kanjani impahla
Amaphaneli alingisa izingodo akhonjiswa ngezinhlobonhlobo ezimakethe. Zihlukile komunye nomunye ngezindlela eziningi, lapho izindleko zemikhiqizo zixhomeke khona. Ukonga imali, kungcono ukuthenga ama-siding ngqo kumenzi, kepha lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi izinkampani eziningi zivame ukuthengisa kuphela amaqoqo amakhulu emikhiqizo eqediwe.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, akunzima ukukhetha ukulingiswa kwezinkuni zokuhlobisa ngaphandle, kepha akunjalo. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda izici zezinto zokwakha, ezizovumela hhayi kuphela ukonga imali ekuthengeni, kodwa futhi nokuthenga umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ozohlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Uma kungekho lwazi lobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezokwakha, kufanele ulalele ezinye zezincomo zochwepheshe:
- Ekuqaleni, udinga ukunquma ngosayizi webhodi. Le nkomba kufanele ihambisane nemingcele yebha yangempela, kuya ngohlobo nenhloso yesakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi bephaneli ngukuthi: kokwakhiwa kwangaphandle - 100 mm; yezindlu zezwe - 120 - 150 mm; ezakhiweni ezihloselwe ukuhlala unomphela unyaka wonke - 200 mm. Kungcono ukungenzi ukuxhumana ku-façade, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhethwe ama-lamellas amade angama-6000 mm. Uma ubude bomkhiqizo abwenele, khona-ke amalunga angafihlwa kusetshenziswa imichilo yokuhlobisa.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthatha izilinganiso. Kuyadingeka ukubala indawo ephelele yesakhiwo, ngaphandle kokuvuleka kwamawindi neminyango. Ngesisekelo salokhu, kwenziwa isibalo senombolo yesigxobo samanga, ngomugqa omncane.
- Ukuze ukumboza kusebenze isikhathi eside, kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo ezinjengokhuni, i-larch, umlotha. Akufanele wonge ngokuthenga izinketho ezingabizi kakhulu, kungcono ukukhokha ngokweqile ikhwalithi kanye futhi ujabulele imiphumela isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zibaluleke kakhulu. Iphrofayili yonke ihlelwa ngamakilasi: Okungeziwe, u-A, uB, C. Owokuqala kwababhalisiwe uyabiza kakhulu, akuvamile ukuthengiswa. Uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu yi-A, lubonakala ngokungabikho kwamaphutha. Abanye abantu bathanda inketho yesithathu, njengoba ama-specks nokuqhekeka kunika ukuqeda ukubukeka kwemvelo ngokwengeziwe.
- Inkomba yomswakama ithinta ukulondolozwa kokubukeka kwangempela. Ukudlula i-15% yomkhawulo kusongela iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sokusebenza izinto zokwakha zingabhampa futhi ziholele.
- Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo komkhiqizo kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuthenga. Ingaphezulu lemikhiqizo kumele libe yicaba, liphume noma liwe amafindo, ukulimala kwemishini, ukubola, izinambuzane azamukeleki. Izici zohlelo lokuxhuma lolimi-ne-groove kufanele ziphelele.
- Iqoqo lonke kumele libe nomthunzi ofanayo.
- Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kuzesekeli nezinto zokuhlobisa, lapho ukubukeka kukonke kokugqokiswa kuncike khona.
Izigaba zokufakwa kokulingiswa kwebha ngaphandle
Uma unamakhono okwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa nokwakha, ungaziqedela ngokwakho indlu. Into esemqoka ukulandela ubuchwepheshe. Imishayo yamanga ingasetshenziselwa ukugawula izingodo, ukhonkolo, izitini, amagwebu, igesi, izindonga ze-cinder block. Ukufakwa kwento kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana, okungukuthi:
- ukulungiswa kwesisekelo;
- ukuqinisa isithiyo somhwamuko;
- ukufakwa kwe-lathing;
- ukubeka ukwahlukanisa;
- ukugxusha okwe-lattice;
- ukufakwa kwama-lamellas;
- ukwelashwa kokugcina komhlaba.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi isakhiwo sakhiwe ngasiphi isisetshenziswa, ukulungiswa kwesisekelo kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo. Kususwe udaka ezindongeni, izinsalela zodaka (uma zikhona) ziyasuswa, ziyahlanzwa ukungcola nothuli. Uma kunesidingo, izikhala zivaliwe, ukwahlukanisa kumbozwe nge-primer.
Izinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi
Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka bazo zonke izinhlobo zamapulangwe kucishe kufane, ugongolo lwamanga alunjalo. Umehluko omncane kuphela usezintweni nakumathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukucubungula nokufaka kwawo. Ukuqedela umsebenzi ozowudinga:
- isando, impintshisi;
- i-hacksaw yensimbi, isaha enqamulelayo, isaha yamandla eyisiyingi;
- ipensela, isilinganiso seteyipu, isikwele sokwakha, izinga, imicu yenayiloni noma umugqa wokudoba, umugqa wokulinganisa;
- i-screwdriver, ummese wokusika, izibuko;
- screwdriver, ukubhola, ukugaya;
- imishayo, ama-slats noma amaphrofayili wensimbi okwakhiwa kwama-battens nama-counter battens;
- isithiyo somhwamuko, ukwahlukanisa;
- ukulingiswa kwamapulangwe, izinto ezisizayo nokuhlobisa;
- ukukhulelwa kwama-antiseptic, i-varnishes, upende;
- amathawuli, izipikili, izikulufo, njll.
Isithiyo se-vapor
Abanye abanikazi abathatha isinqumo sokuvikela amakhaya abo bebodwa bafuna ukonga ekuvikeleni amafilimu okubizayo, bengayiqondi ngokuphelele injongo yayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokwezindinganiso ezivunyelwe, umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwesithiyo somphunga. Ama-varnishes e-Polymer, ungqimba lwe-roll noma izinto zeshidi zivikela ukufudumeza okushisayo kanye nezakhiwo zokwakha ekungeneni kwe-steam, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kusuka emvuleni we-condensate nokumuncwa.
Ukufakwa kwesendlalelo semigoqo yomphunga kwenziwa ngemuva kokulungiswa kwesisekelo, ukususwa kwenhlabathi ebusweni, ukwelashwa kwokhuni, ukumithiswa kwayo ngama-antiseptics. Ngomsebenzi, ungasebenzisa i-mastic ekhethekile, amafilimu ane-aluminium foil, ulwelwesi, isibonelo, imikhiqizo "Izospan", "Megaizol", nabanye. Ama-rolls asongwe kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, useyili unamathiselwe ukwahlukanisa usebenzisa ama-slats enziwe ngokhuni, okuyisisekelo, ngenye indlela.
Ukubeka amafilimu noma ulwelwesi kwenziwa ngokugqagqana. Ukubhoboza, ukusikeka, nokunye ukulimala kumele kuvalwe ngetape tape. Ukuqina kwendwangu odongeni akunandaba, ngemuva kokufakwa kuzocindezelwa ikesi. Indawo yokubamba umswakama (indawo yamazolo) nayo iyabhekwa. Uhlobo nobukhulu bokwehlukaniswa kuncike kule pharamitha; ukujiya kwayo, incipha kakhulu ingozi yokuguqulwa kwesitimu emanzini kokuhlukaniswa.
Lathing
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuqeda indlu ngogongolo lwamanga ngaphandle kokwehliswa. Uhlaka ludlala indima ebalulekile esakhiweni sonke. Okokuqala, kuvumela izindonga zangaphandle ukuthi zihambisane. Okwesibili, kwenza kube lula ukubeka ukwahlukanisa ngaphansi kohlangothi. Okwesithathu, inikeza umoya omncane, ovimbela ukufingqana. Okwesine, isabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo phezu kwesahlukaniso sonke.
Izinto eziyinhloko ezithwala umthwalo ziyimishayo. Ngaphambi kokulungisa, zonke izingxenye zokhuni ziphathwa ngama-antiseptics kanye nama-fire retardants. Umsebenzi wokufaka uqala ngokumaka. Kusetshenziswa ileveli, intambo yomthofu wokumisa nentambo yenayiloni, amamaki asethiwe. Uma udonga lungalingani, khona-ke ukufaka ifreyimu, kuzofanele usebenzise amaphedi noma udwebe ukuze imiphetho engaphandle yesheathing yakhe indiza eyodwa eqondile emile.
Ukunquma ibanga lapho imishayo ethwalayo izokwehlukaniswa khona ukusuka esisekelweni, kuyadingeka ukuthola indawo ephume kakhulu noma ephakeme kunazo zonke ebusweni, izosebenza njengezinga. Okokuqala, izinto zokwakha ezimbi kakhulu zifakiwe, ibanga phakathi kwemigoqo esele lincike kububanzi be-insulation. Ama-Dowels asetshenziselwa ukunamathisela ibhodi kukhonkolo, izitini, i-cinder block, izipikili nezikulufu kusetshenziselwa ukhuni.
Ukufakwa kokufakwa
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwehlukanisa ezisetshenziselwa umhlobiso wodonga lwangaphandle zinwetshiwe i-polystyrene, igwebu le-polystyrene, igwebu le-polyurethane, uvolo wamaminerali, i-ecowool, uboya bengilazi, nabanye. Lapho kukhethwa uhlobo oluthile lokufakwa okushisayo, kubhekelwa izinkomba ezithile, zombili izinto zokwakha ezishisayo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kokwahlukanisa. Lezi zici zifaka ukuqhutshwa kokushisa nokuqina komhwamuko.
Indlela yokwambathisa ixhomeke ngqo ezintweni zokwakha izindonga ezakhiwe kuzo. Isibonelo, ezindlini ezakhiwe ngokhuni, ukhonkolo ovulekile, i-silicate yegesi, ukhonkolo wobumba owandisiwe omkhulu, kuyasiza ukusebenzisa ama-slabs eboya amaminerali aphefumulayo. Ezakhiweni zezitini, i-penoplex, i-polystyrene enwetshiwe, ebonakala ngokuqhutshwa okuphansi kokushisa, kufanelekile.
Indlela yokuqinisa incike ohlotsheni lwezinto ezivikela ukushisa. Izinketho ezithambile zifakwa ngqo kukhreyithi, phakathi kwezinto ezihambisanayo, ibanga phakathi kwalo elihambelana nobubanzi bomkhiqizo. Ngokwengeziwe kuboshelwe ngezipikili zethayile. Igwebu liyancipha linamathele ku-glue. Kodwa-ke, izinto zokunamathisela azivamile ukusetshenziswa zodwa; ukuze kulungiswe okuthembekile, amathoshi wesambulela asetshenziswa futhi.
Ulwelwesi olungenamanzi
Ngokuya ngokuvuleka komhosha odongeni, ungqimba lokuqala lwesithiyo somphunga lungaba khona (luqinile-umusi) noma lungabikho (lungeneke ngomphunga) kwikhekhe lilonke le-facade enomoya. Ulwelwesi lwe-superdiffusion luhlala lusetshenziswa. Ifakwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokufakwa, futhi isebenza ukuletha iphuzu lamazolo ngaphandle kwesendlalelo esivikela ukushisa esikhaleni sokungenisa umoya, lapho i-condensate isuswa khona ngokwemvelo.
Ifilimu evikela umoya-umswakama ayisusi kuphela umusi, kepha ivikela nokufakwa emswakeni wasemgwaqweni. Ngomsebenzi, ungasebenzisa i-Izospan A, ezinye izinto ezinempahla efanayo. Ama-canvases aqala ukuboshwa phansi, abekwa ngokuvundlile. Isendlalelo ngasinye esilandelayo simbozwe, okusho ukuthi, sivala ngaphezulu kwangaphambilini ngengxenye yaso engezansi.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenze ngokucophelela okukhulu.Akunakwenzeka ukuqinisa indwangu ukuze uvikele amakhefu nokunye ukulimala. Ukusheshisa ku-lathing kwenziwa ngezinsika kusetshenziswa okokuqinisa izimboni. Amalunga ngokungeziwe anamathiselwe ngeteyipu. Ukuthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi umucu okufanele unamathiselwe kulo, udinga ukufunda imiyalo. Lo mzuzu ubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqondiswa kokususwa komswakama kuncike kuwo.
I-Counter grill
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ngemuva kokubeka i-hydro-barrier kuzoba ukufaka i-counter-grill. Enhlanganweni yayo, imishayo isetshenziswa ngobukhulu obungu-20 kuye ku-50 mm, ububanzi obungu-30 kuye ku-50 mm. Ukukhethwa kobukhulu kuncike enanini lendawo yodonga, kukhulu, kukhulu izingodo. Isinyathelo nokuqondiswa kwezinto kuhambisana ngokuphelele nemingcele efanayo yemishayo, ngoba ama-slats agcwele ngaphezulu kwawo.
I-counter grill isebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi ewusizo. Okokuqala, kuvimbela ukulingana okuqinile kwesigxobo samanga kulwelwesi lwe-superdiffusion. Okwesibili, inikeza umoya omncane, futhi ngokufanele kusiza ukususa umswakama owedlulele owakheka ebusweni befilimu. Okwesithathu, isebenza njengesici esengeziwe sokuqinisa, sinikeza ukulungiswa okuthembekile kokuvimbela amanzi.
Abanye abakhi abayinaki inkambiso futhi abayifaki ikesi lesibili, kubhekiswa eqinisweni lokuthi kunamakhefu akhethekile okuphuza umoya ngemuva kwento yokuqedela. Ngakho-ke, bephula ubuchwepheshe bokwakha i-facade enomoya, engagcina iholele ekuguqulweni kwengubo yokuqeda. Amakhefu akhona awanikezi umoya owanele.
Ukufakwa kokufakwa
Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa ifreyimu, ukubeka umusi, ukushisa, ukuvimbela amanzi, ukufaka i-lattice counter, ungaqhubeka nokuqedela. Kwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Kusetshenziswa ileveli ye-laser noma intambo yenayiloni ngenhla komphetho ongenhla wesisekelo, umugqa oqondile ovundlile ushaywa kulo lonke uzungezo lwesakhiwo.
- Ezingeni elimakiwe, umugqa wokuqala we-slats ulungisiwe, ofakwe ngameva phansi. Kulokhu, ibhodi libethelwe, liqinisiwe kulo lonke ubude kusuka phezulu nangaphansi.
- Amapaneli wesibili nawalandelayo afakwa ngesipikha emgodini womugqa wangaphambilini, futhi izibopho zenziwa kuphela engxenyeni engenhla.
- Ibhodi elifakwe ngaphezulu kaningi alifanelekile ngobubanzi, ngakho-ke ukuthola usayizi ofanele, liyachithwa ngobude.
- Ama-slats anamathiselwe kwi-counter-lattice ngegebe elincane lobuchwepheshe. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto zemvelo (ukushintsha kokushisa, umswakama womoya), izinkuni zingakhuphuka futhi zinciphe ngosayizi, uma zilungiswe ngokuqinile, zingaholela.
Izindlela zokufaka iphaneli
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokulungisa ama-slats ekhreyini: ngezikulufo zokhuni, izipikili ezikhethekile, izibopho. Inketho yokuqala ivumela ukufakwa okusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukucubungula izici zokhuni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imichilo ayiqhekeki lapho ifakwa, kuyadingeka ukubhoboza umgodi kusikulufu ngasinye, esizohambisana nobubanzi nokuqina.
Okubi kakhulu ngezikulufo zokuzishayela wukulungiswa okuqinile kokulingiswa kokhuni ku-crate. Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa noma izinguquko kumswakama kucindezela izinkuni, futhi ukungabikho kokunyakaza kungalimaza kakhulu impahla. Izipikili zingaxazulula le nkinga. Sebenzisa izinhlobo ezikhethekile nge-anti-corrosion galvanizing. Noma kunjalo, amakhono athile ayadingeka ukuze asebenze nabo.
Ama-Kleimers angcono kakhulu. Abashiyi amamaki ebusweni bebhodi, okumele bumbozwe nge-putty noma i-PVA glue. Ama-lamellas awalungiswa ngokuqinile. Noma kunjalo, izindleko ezengeziwe zizodingeka ukuzithenga. Ukufaka amabakaki kuhle kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, babamba ipaneli, ngakolunye uhlangothi bakhangwa ujantshi womhlahlandlela kufreyimu.
Ungangena kanjani ethekwini kahle
Ukufakwa kwezakhi kungenziwa emakhoneni nakubude. Inhlobo ngayinye inezindlela zayo zokufihla. Esimweni sokuqala, inkinga ingaxazululwa ngezindlela ezintathu:
- Imiphetho ehlangene yamapulangwe isikwa ngesaha ngaphakathi nge-degree yama-45 degrees. Lapho imigoqo emibili ihlanganiswa, izokwakha i-engeli elungile. Ukuxhumeka okunjalo kubukeka kucocekile, kungashayi. Noma kunjalo, ukulingana kufanele kube okuphelele. Lokhu kudinga ukubalwa okunembile, amakhono aphezulu obuchwepheshe, ngaphandle kwalokho izikhala zizobonakala.
- Ungavala ukuxhumeka ngomugqa wekhoneni wokuhlobisa, othengwa ngezinto zokuqedela. Le inketho eyamukelekayo kakhulu.
- Dubula phansi amabhodi amabili ahlelwe ngohlamvu G.
Ukujoyina ubude bezinto nakho kungafihlwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezintathu ezihlukile:
- Indlela elula ukulingana kwamapaneli ngokuhlanganyela. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuphela uma umsebenzi wokufaka wenziwe kahle kakhulu, futhi akukho ukususwa kwemigqa egudle udonga lonke. Ngemuva kokupenda, izindawo zokuxhumana zamapaneli azibonakali.
- Kusetshenziswa umucu okhethekile wokuhlobisa.
- Saw amabhodi ejoyintini nge-engela yama-degree angama-45. Ngokuphambene nenketho ebibhekwa ngaphambilini, kulokhu kubalulekile ukuthi kutholakale i-lamella eyodwa kolunye, yakha konke ngayo, nayo edinga ukucaciswa okukhethekile.
Ukwelashwa kwendawo nokunakekelwa
Zonke izinkinga ezivela ngogongolo oluphakanyisiwe kungenxa yezakhiwo zemvelo zokhuni. Phakathi kwezizathu ezinkulu ezingaholela ekubonakaleni kokukhubazeka yilezi:
- ukhunta nesikhunta;
- izinambuzane eziyingozi;
- imisebe ye-ultraviolet;
- umswakama;
- ukuhwamuka okungalingani.
Izinkinga ezifakwe kuhlu zivamile kunoma yiziphi izingodo, ngakho-ke, izindlela zokubhekana nazo ziyefana. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuphatha amaphaneli ngesisombululo se-antiseptic. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezintsha emakethe ngokuvamile sezivele zinokuvikelwa, kepha ukumbozwa okungeziwe ngeke kulimaze, kulokhu ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukhuni luzovikelwa ekubolile nasezinambuzaneni.
Ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-antiseptic, ungaphatha ama-lamellas ngama-retardant fire, asetshenziswa ngezendlalelo ezi-2-3. Bazohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa komlilo. Ngemuva kwalokho okubhaliwe kuyanconywa, okusindisa opende namavanishi. Esigabeni sokugcina, ubuso bugcwele i-varnish, i-wax noma upende ezingqimbeni eziningana. Ngokukhetha okulungile kokumbozwa, ukuvuselelwa kwayo kuzodingeka eminyakeni emi-3 - 6.
Inhlanganisela yokhuni olunesiphetho esihlukile
Ukwakha indlu, njengokuyilungisa, kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kubiza kakhulu inqubo edinga indlela ekhethekile. Noma yimuphi umnikazi ufuna ukwenza ikhaya lakhe lihluke, ngenkathi esebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo kuphela ezingalimazi impilo. Izinkuni zemvelo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinazo zonke lezi zimfanelo. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza ubuwena bephrojekthi kuyinkinga.
Imboni yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala iguquka njalo. Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obusha, abaklami baletha imibono yokudala empilweni. Benza imibono ehlanganisiwe, besebenzisa izinto ezingahambelani lapho uthi nhlá. Isibonelo, imidwebo isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezi-plasta, ngesitayela se-Art Nouveau, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokufakwa zifakwa odongeni olulodwa, olingisa izitini, itshe, ukhuni nezinye izinto ezenziwayo.
Ngokuvamile, noma iyiphi indlu ekuhlobiseni okusetshenziswa ngayo izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinto zokwakha iyahlanganiswa. Lezi zakhiwo zinokubukeka okuhle nokuhloniphekile. Zibukeka zinenzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda sezinye izakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, kanye nemibono ehlukahlukene yokuklama, kukhona ne-classic eqinile, ethwala ukuqonda kanye nesipiliyoni esithuthukisiwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Ukulingiswa kwezingodo nosimende
Ukushiwo kokuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kusukela ngekhulu le-15. Izakhiwo ezinamapulangwe zakhiwa eMpumalanga Yurophu naseScandinavia. Ngasikhathi sinye, abelusi base-Alpine abahlala kule ndawo enezintaba ezimangelengele bakha amakhaya abo ngamatshe nangokhuni. Izintaba zase-Alps zizalelwa ezindlini ezinesitayela se-chalet. Umehluko wabo omkhulu kozakwabo bokuqala uphahla lwabo oluphansi noluthambile.
Isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwalezi zakhiwo sawela ngekhulu le-16-17. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqedwa kwangaphandle kwesitezi sokuqala kwakwenziwe nge-limestone, kanti izingqimba ezingaphezulu, ezazakhiwe ngokhuni olukhulu lukaphayini, zahlala zingabhekani. Ngemuva kokufunda umlando, ungaqonda ukuthi yavelaphi imibono yokusebenzisa izinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izindlu ezihlanganisiwe kanye nama-facade ahlanganisiwe imiqondo ehluke ngokuphelele.
Ungasebenzisa ukumboza kunoma yiziphi izindonga. Futhi uma ngabe kusetshenziswe udaka lukalamula phambilini, manje kunezinhlobonhlobo zale nto, ezingasetshenziswa ukumboza ukhuni, izitini, i-cinder block, ukhonkolo ovulekile nezinye izingxenye. Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlanganiswa. I-Plaster ingasetshenziswa kuphela kumakholomu, noma egumbini elingaphansi, emakhoneni esakhiwo, bese ihlobisa yonke enye indawo ngogongolo lwamanga.
Ukulingisa izingodo namatshe
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwakhiwa kwendlu ehlanganisiwe kukhulu kakhulu. Uma isitezi sokuqala sakhiwe ngamatshe aqhekekile noma ngesihluku, ukugqokwa kwaso kungenzeka kungenziwa nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, uma le nto yokwakha ingahlangabezani nezifiso nezidingo, khona-ke isitini singasetshenziswa. Kuyafaneleka ukushiya i-foam block, ngoba isisekelo esiqinile siyadingeka ukuqinisekisa i-interfloor ligament ethembekile. Ukhonkolo ovunyelwe umoya ubuthakathaka impela.
Izinkuni netshe lemvelo zihambisana kahle. Abanikazi bezindlu eziyizitezi ezimbili ngosizo lwezinto zokuqedela bazokwazi ukudala ukubukeka okuvamile kwesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isitezi sokuqala singafakwa nge-siding yamatshe, bese kuthi esesibili ngogongolo lwamanga. Akukhathalekile ukuthi kwakusetshenziswa ini ekwakhiweni, kungaba ngokhuni, i-silicate yegesi, ukhonkolo ophethwe umoya noma i-monolith.
Izakhiwo ezinesiteji esisodwa nazo zilungele izinto ezahlukene. Konke kuncike ekwakhiweni kwezindlu uqobo. Ngakho-ke, ukwahlukaniswa okuhlangothini kungabhekana nokwakhiwa kwemvelo, nobuso bangaphambili - ngogongolo lwamanga. Kukhona izinketho lapho ukulingiswa okuhlukile kushintshana ku-facade efanayo ngokulandelana. Ukukhethwa kohlobo oluthile lokuklama kuncike kuphela kokuthandwa ngumnikazi wekhaya.
Umhlobiso wangaphakathi wendlu ngokulingisa izingodo
Imishayo yamanga ivame ukusetshenziselwa umhlobiso wangaphandle wezindlu zangasese namakhaya amancane. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo nendlela yokuqinisa izinto. Inobubanzi nobubanzi obukhulu ngokwanele; ukuyifaka, ikesi liyadingeka. Akugcini nje ngokubukeka kunciphisa isikhala sangaphakathi, kepha empeleni kudla indawo engasebenziseka. Noma kunjalo, ungalunaki lolu hlobo lokuqeda.
Izinto zokwakha zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkuni, ngakho-ke zihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zemvelo. Kwakha isithombe sokuthi lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngokhuni oluqinile olucutshunguliwe olunokuthungwa okuhle, lunikeza umoya ophilile, lwandisa ukunethezeka nobumnandi bokuphila. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlobisa isikhala ngamapaneli wokhuni:
- I-Monolithic. Ngosizo lwe-lamellas, yonke indawo yezindonga noma ophahleni lwegumbi ishisiwe ngokuphelele, kanye nenketho ngokubhekana nayo yonke indawo.
- Kuhlanganisiwe. Kusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene zokugqokiswa. Ukwahlukanisa kumbozwe kuphela ngokhuni, kuso imishayo ihlanganiswe namatshe, iphepha lodonga, imidwebo, amaphaneli engilazi nezinye izinto.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi okwenziwe ngokhuni kudala umoya othokomele endlini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingekile ukugawula yonke indawo ngokulingisa ukhuni; kwezinye izimo, kwanele ukwenza udonga lokugqamisa noma ukuhlobisa indawo ethile ukuze wakhe isiqhingi esihle seziko. Naphezu kokunye kokubi okwenziwe ukuphazamiseka, okubalulekile kuyathandwa. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle, okungukuthi:
- ugongolo lwamanga likuvumela ukuthi udale ingaphakathi loqobo;
- into ngayinye inokuthungwa okuhlukile;
- ukhuni lubonakala ngomswakama omuhle, ukushisa nokufaka umsindo;
- ukulingiswa kwamapulangwe kudala futhi kugcine i-microclimate yemvelo egumbini;
- ama-lamellas ashibhile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa ukumboza;
- kungumkhiqizo onobungani bemvelo;
- kulula ukusebenza ngezinto ezibonakalayo, ukufakwa kungenziwa ngesandla;
- ngayo ungenza indawo eyisicaba, ulinganise izindonga;
- ngokucutshungulwa okufanele nokunakekelwa, ukumbozwa kuzohlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele;
- ukhuni lufaneleka izitayela eziningi.
Imishayo yokhuni ayinazo ezinye izinkinga:
- amapaneli anciphisa isikhala esisebenzisekayo, ngakho-ke emakamelweni amancane lolu hlobo lokuqeda kuzofanele lushiywe;
- ukumelana nobuthakathaka emlilweni, ngisho nezinsimbi zomlilo azisindisi;
- ukumboza kudinga ukugcinwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuvuselelwa kongqimba oluvikelayo.
Izici nezici zento yokuhlobisa ingaphakathi
Ngaphakathi endlini, izinkuni azivezwa kumathonya amabi emvelo, ngakho-ke izidingo zezinye izici zomkhiqizo ziyancipha. Kulokhu, ugongolo lwamanga kufanele lube nezimfanelo eziphakeme zobuhle. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi amaphaneli abanzi akufanele asetshenziselwe umsebenzi wangaphakathi. Le nkomba kufanele ibe kububanzi obungu-100 - 140 mm, ubukhulu bungaba yinoma imuphi, imvamisa abudluli u-20 mm.
Ukusetshenziswa kwebhodi elinciphile ekuhlobiseni kwangaphakathi kungenxa yokuthi ikuvumela ngokubonakalayo ukuthi ukhulise uphahla, kudala umbono wokuthi isakhiwo sigoqiwe kusuka emiqhele yebha eqinile. Amapaneli abanzi angonakalisa yonke into; egumbini elincane, ukumbozwa kuzohlangana kube yisisindo esisodwa. Ukuhlobisa izindonga, ungakhetha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkuni, ezihlukile ekubunjweni, intengo, futhi zibe nezakhiwo ezingazodwana.
Iphayini
Izinaliti zihlala zifanelekile ekwakhiweni. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ukulingiswa kwamapulangwe, ngoba izindleko zento ziyingcosana uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Iphayini lifunwa kakhulu kune-spruce, enamafindo amaningi. Okubi kakhulu okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-resin, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukusebenzisa amaphaneli we-coniferous emakamelweni anezimo zokushisa okuphezulu. Ifanele ukugqitshiswa kwamaphaseji, emakhishini, kuvulandi.
Izinkuni zihlala ziqinile, zithambile futhi azisindi. Ngemuva kokumiswa, akusuki. Umbala we-sapwood ungahluka kusuka kuphuzi ophuzi kuya kobomvu, ikhenela - kusuka kokuphinki kuya kobomvu ngokunsundu. Izinto zokwakha zivame ukuba phuzi, okuvela ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile. Naphezu kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-resin yemvelo, isihlahla sithambekele ekubolile, okubeka imikhawulo ezimweni zokusebenza.
Imisedari
Izinkuni zingenye yezindawo ezibiza kakhulu ukulingiswa kwezingodo. Ukuqedwa komsedari kuhlonishwa kakhulu, abantu abacebile bangakuthola. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lukhula kuphela endaweni engathintwanga, lapho nje umuntu efika lapho, izihlahla ziyanyamalala. Kodwa-ke, ungaphambanisi umsedari wangempela nomsedari waseSiberia, okuluhlobo olukhethekile lukaphayini olunezici ezinhle zokuhlobisa.
Izinto ezikhishwa ngokhuni zinezinto zokubulala amagciwane. Okokusebenza kuhlanza njalo umoya osegumbini, okuvumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe enkulisa nasekamelweni lokulala. Umuthi unephethini ehloniphekile ezokwengeza okwangempela kunoma iyiphi ingaphakathi. Ngenxa yobunzima bokucubungula, ama-lamellas awavamile ukutholakala ekuthengisweni. Amafemu amaningi enza imishayo yamanga yemisedari ngoku-oda kuphela.
Larch
Ngokuya ngamandla nokumelana nokubola, uhlobo lwedlula izinhlobo eziningi zezinkuni. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zayo nezixazululo ezahlukahlukene, ifaniswa ne-oki, kepha inenani eliphansi. Ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni, kusetshenziswa i-larch yaseSiberia, i-Kuril ne-Europe ayivamile kakhulu.Izici ezihlukile - ukuminyana okukhulu, ukumelana namathonya ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imvelo.
Izinto zikuvumela ukuthi wakhe umklamo wokuqala, unikeza ingaphakathi isithunzi nezindleko eziphezulu. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa indlu yokugezela, ikhishi, i-loggia, uvulandi nezinye izakhiwo. Ukulingiswa kwamapulangwe kufanelekile ngaphakathi nangaphandle komsebenzi. Izinkuni zinephunga elithile. Uhlobo lunconywa kubantu abaphethwe yizifo zokuphefumula.
Oak
Izinkuni zinesakhiwo esizwakalayo nombala omuhle, kepha kuyabiza impela. I-kernel ingaba nombala ohlukile - kusuka kokukhanyayo okukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama okumnyama. Indaba ibonakaliswa ngamandla aphezulu, igoba kahle ngaphandle kokuphula imicu. Ngenxa yobukhona bama-tannins, inokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu ukubola uma kuqhathaniswa nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane.
Amapulangwe abaluleke kakhulu futhi abiza kakhulu ekuqedeni yi-bog oak. Ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini, ithola amandla aphezulu, umbala omnyama. Njenge-larch, isetshenziselwa umsebenzi wangaphandle nowangaphakathi. Izingodo kunzima kakhulu ukuzisingatha. Mhlawumbe lolu wuhlobo oluhle kakhulu lokhuni, olulungele zonke izakhiwo ngokuphelele. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa igumbi lokuphumula, iphaseji, ikhishi, inkulisa, indlu yokugezela, ukutadisha, ngisho nokugeza kanye ne-sauna.
Imephu ne-alder
Umbala wemvelo we-alder uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe kuya konsundu okhanyayo, kepha ngemuva kokugawulwa ushintsha umbala wawo ube nsundu ngokubomvu. Indaba ibonakaliswa ngamandla aphansi, izimbiza ngesikhathi senqubo yokumisa. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zilele kuzakhiwo zomzimba zokhuni. Ikuvumela ukuthi udale ukulingiswa kwe-mahogany ne-ebony, ehlukaniswa ukungabikho kwephunga, ukumelana nokumunca amakha angaphandle.
Imephu, njenge-alder, yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwasendlini kuphela, ngoba zombili lezi zinhlobo zibonakaliswa ukumelana okuphansi kakhulu ukubola. Ngakho-ke, zingasetshenziswa kuphela kumagumbi owomile lapho kuhlala khona abantu unyaka wonke. Izinkuni zinombala obomvu oba phuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuthungwa kufana. Imisebe emise okwenhliziyo inika umkhiqizo ophelile intelezi ekhethekile.
Kungasetshenziswa kumaphi amakamelo
Ukulingisa ukhuni kusetshenziselwa izindonga nophahla. Kuyinto ephilayo ebunjiwe enezinzuzo eziningi. Ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe umuzwa wendlu yokhuni ngaphakathi kwegumbi elilodwa noma wonke. Izinkuni zivumela ukumbozwa kuphefumule, ezinye izinhlobo ngokuvamile zihlanza umoya. Ngosizo lokufaka, ungakha idizayini eyingqayizivele, ugcizelele isitayela esithile.
Kusetshenziswa imishayo yamanga ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi kwamafulethi, izigodi zezwe, izindlwana ezizimele. Izosiza ngokuphelele iphaseji, igumbi lokuphumula, igumbi lokulala, inkulisa, ihhovisi. Ezinye izinhlobo zingasetshenziswa endlini yangasese, ekhishini, kuvulandi, e-loggia. Ngokuvamile, okubalulekile kuyahlukahluka, kuyahambisana ngokuphelele nanoma iliphi igumbi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isiphetho empeleni sinciphisa indawo esetshenziswayo.
Ekhishini, usebenzisa ukulingisa izingodo, ungagunda izingodo zombili kanye nephinifa lasekhishini, kepha kuzodingeka ukucutshungulwa kwezinkuni okungeziwe. Imibala ehlukene izogcizelela ubunzima noma ukufudumala kwesikhala. Egumbini lokuphumula, kwanele ukwenza indawo eyodwa yokugcizelela, noma ukuhlela indawo ethile, ungazemboza ngokuphelele zonke izingxenye. Konke kuncike kokuthandwa ngabanikazi, isitayela.
Izinkomba zesitayela
Izinkuni zikuyo yonke indawo; kudala zisetshenziswa ekwakheni. Le nto iyahlonishwa kuwo wonke amasiko. Ngakho-ke, i-trim yemvelo yemithi iyahambisana cishe nanoma yisiphi isitayela sangaphakathi, kusuka ezweni kuye kubuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izindawo ezihlobene kakhulu yi-eco, rustic, provence. Lapha, udonga lwokhuni lungaba isisekelo esiyinhloko segumbi.
Ugongolo lwamanga luzobukeka luhle endaweni yangaphakathi yakudala. Iphalethi lemibala yama-Classics lifaka izithunzi ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-beige, ukhilimu, onsundu. Akunzima ukukhetha amapaneli afanele. Ngomklamo waseScandinavia, amabhodi kuzofanele apendwe ngopende omhlophe. Okwezwe ne-ethno, i-oki ifaneleka kakhulu ekuthungeni nasembalweni, enephethini elikhuni elibonakalayo.
Amapaneli amhlophe futhi asebekhulile enziwe nge-oki, ngomlotha, ngophayini afanele ama-rustic nezinye izitayela zobuzwe. Ngesitayela seloft, kwanele ukuhlobisa kuphela uphahla ngama-lamellas noma ukuhlobisa indawo ethile. Isitayela se-chalet silungele ukuhlala ezweni. Izikhumba zezilwane kumele zibe khona phansi nasezindongeni. I-Hi-tech isho ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokhuni kuphela njengokungeza.
Imibala yangaphakathi
Ukuze kulondolozwe ukuthungwa kwemvelo nombala wokhuni, lapho kusetshenzwa amaphaneli, izintandokazi kufanele zinikezwe ekukhulelweni, i-varnishes engenambala, i-wax. Kungcono ukwenqaba upende. Kulokhu, umbala webhodi uzoncika ngqo ohlotsheni lwokhuni. Ama-shades ajwayelekile kakhulu ansundu ngokukhanyayo, obomvu ngokunsundu, ikhofi. Kukhona nokunye okungajwayelekile, isibonelo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okotshani, okubomvana. Ukuze ucacelwe, cabanga ngezinye izinketho (okuhlukahlukene - imibala):
- i-oki - kusuka kokusobala ngokukhanyayo kuya koku nsundu okumnyama;
- i-beech - emhlophe ngombala ophuzi ngokubomvu;
- umlotha - kusuka kokumnyama nsundu kuya kokukhanyayo okuphuzi;
- i-alder - obomvu-nsundu;
- i-walnut - nsundu ngokukhanyayo kumnyama;
- uphayini - kusuka ophuzi okhanyayo kuya ophuzi ngokubomvu;
- i-larch - kusuka kokukhanyayo okuphuzi kuya kobomvu;
- yew - umhlophe ophuzi.
Ungazilungisa kanjani izingodo endlini
Ukunqunywa kwokhuni lwangaphakathi kukhethwa ngezizathu eziningi. Okokuqala, kuyinto enobungani bemvelo, impahla yemvelo, efaneleke kahle kuzo zonke izici zokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala. Egumbini elinjalo kuyohlale kunomuzwa wenduduzo nobunye nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zobuhle, isiphetho samapulangwe sigqama ngamandla aso amahle, ukuqina nokufakwa kwemisindo okuhle kakhulu. Ukufakwa kwamapaneli wokhuni kulula ukukwenza ngezandla zakho.
Isithiyo sokushisa nomhwamuko
Ifilimu ekhethekile inamathiselwe kuphela endaweni elungiselelwe. Lokhu kuzovimbela umswakama we-condensation ukuthi ungangeni ngaphakathi kukasayizi. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa okokuqinisa uma kunesidingo ukukubophela endaweni yokhuni, noma ikesi lemishayo uma isisekelo senziwe ngokhonkolo noma ngezitini.
Izinhlaka zefilimu kufanele zigqitshwe futhi ziboshwe nge-tape. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukuqhekeka kolwelwesi ngenkathi kufakwa ama-battens kanye ne-thermal insulation.
Uma kungekho ukufudumeza kwangaphandle okushisayo kwendlu, kuyadingeka ukubeka ukwahlukanisa ngaphakathi. I-block, roll roll ibekwe ngokuqinile phakathi kwezinto eziqondisayo zekhreyithi. Kubalulekile ukukhipha ukwakheka kwezikhala nezimbobo zemikhumbi.
Ukufakwa kwe-lathing
Ngesisekelo sokhuni, ikreyiti lenziwa ngemigoqo enengxenye yesiphambano engu-50 mm. Izinto zokusebenza zome kahle, ziphathwa ngama-ejenti ahlukahlukene kanye nezibulala magciwane ukukhulisa ukumelana nomswakama. Ezindongeni zikakhonkolo noma zezitini, ikesi lenziwa ngephrofayili yensimbi.
Okokuqala, ama-guides aboshelwe phezulu nge-pitch ka-800 mm. Ngemuva kwalokho izinto zekhoneni zifakiwe. Ezindaweni lapho kunamathiselwe khona amashalofu namanye amadivayisi angenza isakhiwo sibe nzima, kufakwa imigoqo eyengeziwe. Izintambo zidonswa phakathi kwekesi ngokuvikelwa kukathayela.
Ukugqokwa kodonga
Lapho ukufakwa kwe-thermal kufakiwe futhi i-lathing ifakiwe, ungaqala ukubeka amaphaneli ngaphansi kokhuni. Ubuchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngokuqaliswa okucacile kwemiyalo igxathu negxathu:
- Iphaneli lokuqala lifakwe ebangeni lama-50 mm ukusuka ekhoneni, bese kuthi wonke umugqa wakhiwe.
- Amabhodi afakwe kuphela ebheke phansi ngama-spikes.
- Igebe phakathi kwamapaneli kufanele libe ngu-3 mm, kucatshangelwa ukwanda okushisayo.
- Kubalulekile ukulawula njalo ukuma kobunono bokusikeka, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhlotshiswa amawindi, amakhona nezikhala.
- Amapaneli afakwe ngokuqinile kusuka phansi kuye phezulu.
- Lapho amapaneli amakhulu efakiwe, qhubeka nokufakwa kokushintshwa phakathi kwezindiza usebenzisa amabhodi okushibilika.
Ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa kwangaphakathi
Izinto zemvelo zinezici ezithile ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngaphakathi endlini. Izici ezingezinhle ukuthambekela kokumanzi nokuvuvukala, imiphumela yamagciwane amancane ahlukahlukene. Kungenzeka ukuqeda ukuguqulwa kwesigxobo sezingodo ngosizo lokucubungula okuvamile ngezindlela ezikhethekile.
I-Varnishing
Ama-varnishi asekelwe emanzini akulungele ukucubungula ulwelwesi lokhuni. Azikhiphi nhlobo iphunga, zome ngokushesha, aziqukethe izincibilikisi eziphilayo. Kusetshenziswa imishini yokujikijela amanzi ngokuxosha amanzi. Ukukhulelwa kuxosha amanzi futhi kunikeze ukuvikeleka okuthembekile ekugugweni.
Ngenxa yefilimu encane ebonakalayo, i-varnishes ikuvumela ukuba ugcine umbala wemvelo wezinkuni. Ukunikeza amandla angeziwe, izinhlanganisela ze-polyurethane ziyasetshenziswa. Lesi simbozo ungasisebenzisa ngebhulashi noma nge-swab.
Ukumboza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokupenda
Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lokuvikelwa yikhono lezingxube ukufihla ngokuphelele indawo yesihlahla bese ulinika umbala othize. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamabhantshi aphezulu zilungele imishayo yasendlini:
- Ama-alkyd enamels. Banephunga elibi, bakhipha izinto ezinobuthi, bese benza ifilimu elicinene ngaphezulu.
- Amapende wokusabalalisa amanzi. Amakhompiyutha emvelo ngokuphelele, oma ngokushesha futhi aqine ngokwanele.
- Ama-enamel ama-polyurethane. Zinobuthi esimweni soketshezi, kepha ziyamelana nokulimala kwemishini.
Ipeyinti enombala
Ukukhululwa komhlaba kungadalwa ngebhulashi lokhuni. Into iholelwa okusanhlamvu kwezinkuni futhi izingxenye ezithambile ziyabhujiswa. Okweqile kuyasuswa futhi kusetshenziswe i-varnish noma upende. Umphumela wokhuni oluhlanjululwayo wenziwa ngendlela efanayo, kepha ukwakheka kombala kungezwa emgqeni omhlophe.
Ukuguga okufakelwayo kwenziwa ngemishini. Ngamabomu ulimaze ubuso ezindaweni eziningi, uzama ukukwenza lokhu ngokwemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kwalokho kudayiwe ngokuya ngesilinganiso.
Ungabala kanjani inani lezinto ezibonakalayo
Lapho kunqunywa umthamo wamapulangwe wamapulangwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi ingxenye yawo yesiphambano ayikwazi ukuba ngunxande ogcwele noma isikwele. Ngakho-ke, izibalo zizolinganiselwa.
Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma imingcele yebhodi. Zonke izibalo zenziwa ngamamitha. Ngemuva kwalokho indawo enqunyiwe isebenzisa ifomula elula futhi isethi efanelekile yezinto ikhethwa ngokuya ngamapharamitha. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-calculator eku-inthanethi ukubala inani lezinto zokwakha.
Isiphetho
Ukulingiswa kwezingodo kuyinto yokwakha ehlukahlukene. Yenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokhuni lwemvelo, igcina zonke izinzuzo nezinkinga zezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo. Iyahambisana nezitayela eziningi. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Amapaneli afana ncamashí nemishayo efakiwe. Kulula ukusebenza nabo, uma unamakhono ekwakhiweni, ungazifaka ngokwakho usebenzisa ividiyo yokuqeqesha, isithombe.
