IMosaic ayilona nje uhlobo lokwakhiwa okwenziwe ngezinto ezincane, kepha iyindlela yokuveza ubuciko bobuciko. Lolu hlobo lokuhlobisa luthatha enye yezindawo ezifanele kakhulu hhayi kwezobuciko kuphela, kodwa nasempilweni yansuku zonke. Imidwebo kaMoses itholakala ngaphakathi emafulethini nasezindlini eziningi. Ngemuva kokunquma ukuhlobisa ikhaya lakho ngezinto ezibhekene nazo, okokuqala kudingeka uqonde ukwehluka kwayo, izakhiwo, ukuthola ukuthi unganamathela kanjani ngomfanekiso phansi, ezindongeni noma ophahleni. Ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngokuzimela ukhethe umkhiqizo ofanele, wenze ukufakwa okulungile ngezandla zakho, noma ulawule umsebenzi wenkosi.
Izici zomkhiqizo
Ubuciko bukaMoses buvele ezikhathini zasendulo. Imidwebo yokuqala yamatshe yamatshe yatholwa ngesikhathi kumbiwa amathempeli nezigodlo emadolobheni aseSumeriya aseMesopotamiya. Izazi-mlando zibeka lezi zakhiwo engxenyeni yesibili yeminyaka eyi-4 yeminyaka eyi-BC. Kunokutholwa okuningi okuvela ezikhathini zasendulo, kepha inkathi yokwakhiwa kwamatshe yawela enkathini yoMbuso WaseByzantium, lapho baqala khona ukusebenzisa amatshe amancane asetshenzisiwe.
Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kweyinkulungwane selokhu kwavela ama-prototypes okuqala, futhi imidwebo yamatshe aseluhlobo oluthandwayo lokuhlobisa. Usetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amakhishi, izindlu zangasese, izindlu zangasese namanye amagumbi. Imakethe yezokwakha inikela ngamathayili anhlobonhlobo we-mosaic, ngosizo lwawo akha ingaphakathi eliyingqayizivele, abeke amaphethini woqobo ezindongeni, phansi nasophahleni.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zethayela usayizi waso. Usayizi wezinto ngazinye usukela ku-10 kuye ku-50 mm². Amabhulokhi amancane angabekwa hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezisicaba, kepha futhi angasetshenziselwa ukumboza ubujamo obuyindilinga, isibonelo, amakholomu, i-convex, izindiza ze-concave. Ukuma kwesikwele kwama-chips yikhona okuvame kakhulu, kepha kukhona namaxande ayindilinga, ayindilinga, amise okwedayimane namanye.
Kusetshenziswa izinto ezahlukahlukene ekwenzeni imikhiqizo eqediwe. Kuthengiswa ungathola i-ceramic, ingilazi, itshe, insimbi, i-smalt, isibuko, ngisho nezingodo zokhuni. Iphalethi lemibala yemikhiqizo eqediwe ihluke kakhulu. Lapho ukhetha umthunzi ofanele kakhulu, udinga ukunaka inhloso yegumbi, umphumela wombala ku-psyche yomuntu.
Izinhlobo zikaMosaic - ubuhle kanye nobubi bazo
Amathayili kaMosisi anezinzuzo eziningi ezibalulekile. Ihlukaniswa ukubukeka kwayo okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nomswakama, ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa, futhi ayipheli elangeni. Ngokukhetha okulungile nokufakwa, kuzohlala amashumi eminyaka. Phakathi kokubi kukhona izindleko eziphezulu zomkhiqizo. Futhi, kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukubeka izinto ezincane, ukudweba iphaneli.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu, amandla okwenza idizayini yoqobo ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-mosaic emakamelweni ahlukene. Ngosizo lwayo, ungahlobisa phansi nezindonga endlini yokugezela, eshaweni, futhi uthayishe ichibi. Ekhishini, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa iphinifa lasekhishini, amatafula. Lokhu kwaziswa kungasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ama-niches, amakholomu, ukuhlobisa iziko lomlilo nezinye izinto zokwakha.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kusetshenziselwa izinto ezahlukahlukene zokwenziwa kwamathayili kaMose. Ngamunye wabo unezici zayo ezihlukile. Ukuze siqonde izinhlobo ezikhona, ukuze siwuqonde ngokuphelele umkhiqizo okukhulunywa ngawo, sizohlala ngokuningiliziwe ezinhlotsheni eziyinhloko.
Ingilazi
Kusetshenziswa isihlabathi esimhlophe esimhlophe ekukhiqizeni ama-mosaic. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kuze kufike ku-14000Ngokuya ngokwengeziwe, iphenduka isisindo sengilazi esiwuketshezi, esithelwa kwizikhunta ezijwayelekile ezisukela ku-10 kuye ku-50 mm². Ingilazi inamandla kaningi kunokujwayelekile, ingaba sobala, inemibala, i-matte, ihlotshiswe ngemihlobiso. Ukuyinikeza umthunzi othile, amaminerali afakwa ekwakhiweni ketshezi.
I-Smalt ingahlukaniswa ngokwehlukana. Eqinisweni, lena ingilazi efanayo eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokuncibilikisa ngokufakwa kwama-oxide ensimbi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-smalt: okusobala, okufiphele noma okugqamile, okunezinwele nokubonakala, igolide nesiliva. Uma ama-subspecies amathathu okuqala atholakala ngokungeza odayi nama-damping agents ekwakhiweni, i-foil isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okwakamuva.
Izinzuzo zamapuleti:
- ukuqina;
- ukunakekelwa okulula;
- ubungani bemvelo bento leyo;
- ukungena kwesikhunta nesikhunta;
- umklamo okhangayo;
- ukumelana nokushisa;
- ukumelana nomthelela;
- ukumelana namanzi;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa.
Okubi:
- intengo ephezulu;
- isitayela esiyinkimbinkimbi;
- ubucayi;
- indawo eshelelayo.
Kufakiwe
UMosaic uhlobo lwengilazi. Kukhona izinketho zombili ezilungiswe kugridi futhi zithengiswe ngobuningi. Ukuthola umphumela wesibuko, kufakwa isigaxa noma i-amalgam (ingubo ekhanyayo eyenziwe ngesiliva ne-mercury) ngemuva kwamapuleti. Njengengilazi ejwayelekile, lolu hlobo lwethayela lunezinzuzo ezifanayo, futhi futhi likuvumela ukuthi ukhulise igumbi ngokubonakalayo, uligcwalise ngokukhanya, futhi ufihle ukungalingani kobuso.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lomswakama, i-alkalis, namanye ama-solvents we-organic, ungqimba lwesibuko lungadicilela phansi noma lube mnyama, oludinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe. Ukumbozwa nakho kungalimala ngenxa yokuxineka kwemishini, ngakho-ke, ukubeka amapuleti kufanele kwenziwe ngochwepheshe. Naka ngokukhethekile ingcina. Kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe izingoma ezimhlophe ezingenamanzi ezinganciphisi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina.
Itshe
Itshe liyinto eyingqayizivele yemvelo enombala wokuqala, iphethini, iphethini. Kunezigaba eziningana zamatshe wamatshe, kepha okuthandwa kakhulu kusekwe kohlobo:
- Kuyigugu futhi kuyigugu elincane. Amadayimane, amarubi, ama-emeralds, ama-spinels, amanye. Zijwayele ukusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ukuhlobisa ama-vase, amabhokisi nezinye izinto ezincane.
- Ukuhlobisa. Inyoka, i-malachite, i-jasper, i-agate, nezinye izinhlobo ezinemibala egqamile namaphethini wesici.
- Iyaqeda. Imabula, i-granite, i-basalt. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zinenani elingabizi.
- Okulula (okunonya). Amatshe amatshe, i-sandstone, i-tuff.
- Okwenziwe. Kususelwa ku-porcelain stoneware, okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwethonya lamazinga okushisa aphezulu we-powder powder.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezisemqoka zalolo lwazi, umuntu angakhomba ukuqina kwalo, ngakho-ke, iphaneli ebekiwe lizohlala ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi. Itshe alikwesabi ukusonteka, ukumelana nokuhuzuka, kungamelana nokucindezela okwenziwe ngemishini, futhi akulutho ekulondolozweni. Kubonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimo nemibala. Kepha, naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo zazo, amaseli asindayo futhi ayabiza.
I-Ceramic noma i-tile
Phakathi kwezinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa ekuhlobiseni, i-mosaic ingenye yezinto ezisebenziseka kakhulu futhi ezisabalele. Usebenzisa izinhlayiya ezincane, ungakha izithombe eziphelele. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyitayela elifanayo le-ceramic, kepha ngendlela encishisiwe. Amapuleti amancane azigcina ngokuphelele zonke izakhiwo zethayela, ngokulandelana, anezici ezicishe zifane nezici zokusebenza.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zalolu daba zifaka:
- Amandla aphezulu. Amathayili kaMoseic ceramic amelana nokuhuzuka, angesabi ingcindezi, ukulimala kwemishini. Ngokungafani namathayili ajwayelekile, awahlukani lapho izinto ezisindayo zishaya phezulu.
- Ukushelela okuphansi. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezingodo, alisheleli ngisho nalapho umswakama ungena ngaphezulu.
- Ukubukeka okuhle. Kubonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zemibala ehlukahlukene, osayizi abahlukahlukene nobubunjwa.
- Ukumelana nomswakama, ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa.
- Ukumelana nokushisa.
- Ukuhlanza okulula. Kwanele ukwenza ngezikhathi ezithile isipanji esihlanza amanzi.
Okubi kufaka izindleko eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa namathayili ajwayelekile. I-mosaic ifuna kakhulu endizeni ebekwe kuyo futhi idinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela. I-grout eningi isetshenziselwa ukugaya. Isikhathi sokubeka izinto ezincane sikhuphuke kakhulu.
Kukhethwa kokunamathiselwe kwamathayili kaMose
Ukubeka i-mosaic kulula ngezandla zakho. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi indawo yokufaka nobuchwepheshe obukhethiwe, ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwesisekelo, ukukhetha okulungile kokwakheka kokunamathisela kuyadingeka. Ungafaka i-mosaic kunoma iyiphi i-adhesive efanelekile kuthayela. Kodwa lapho ukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwenhlanganisela, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele isimo sendawo kanye nezici zayo. Izinto ezilandelayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunamathisela izakhi ze-mosaic:
- Usimende wokunamathisela. Inentengo ephansi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokunye ukwakheka. Abakhiqizi bakhiqiza izingxube ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga ezigcwele izikhwama ezingama-20-30 kg. Ukwakhiwa kufaka usimende, isihlabathi, i-gypsum, i-alabaster, i-fillers kanye ne-plasticizers. I-cement glue ihlanjululwa ngamanzi noma i-latex ewuketshezi, esetshenziselwa ukufaka isitini, ukwakhiwa kokhonkolo.
- Ukuhlakazeka ukwakheka. Kuthengiswa okwenziwe ngomumo emabhange. Ukwakhiwa kuhlanganisa amanzi, izingxenye zamaminerali, izithasiselo ze-acrylic. Isisindo se-pasty siyabiza kakhulu kunesisindo sosimende, kepha ukusebenziseka kalula kwesicelo saso kuyanxephezela lokhu okungalungile. Kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 ukuqiniswa okuphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuma kwamathayili kaMose kungalungiswa. Inhlanganisela esele ingagcinwa isikhathi eside esitsheni esingangeni moya.
- Ingcina yezingxenye ezimbili. Inhlanganisela yamandla aphezulu iqukethe i-epoxy resin ne-hardener. Okokusebenza kufanelekile ukunamathisela ama-mosaics ezindaweni ezibushelelezi (imabula, ingilazi, ipulasitiki, insimbi). Ukufakwa kwodonga lukaMose kusetshenziswa imixube enezinto ezimbili kwenziwa endlini yokugezela, echibini, ekhishini, eshaweni.
Ukubeka ubuchwepheshe
Ungakwazi ukunamathisela i-mosaic ngokwakho kuphela kusisekelo esenziwe ngaphambilini. Ukufihla okungajwayelekile, i-putty isetshenziswa nge-mesh eqinisa noma i-interlayer yephepha. Uchwepheshe kuphela ongaphatha ukwakheka komhlobiso wobuciko. Ukubala ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezingcezu ezincane kunzima kakhulu. Lapho ufaka, kungcono ukuthi izingcweti eziqalayo zisebenzise indwangu ekhethekile ye-mosaic enephethini elungiswe ngaphambilini.
Ukubalwa kwenani le-glue ne-mosaic
Lapho benza ukulungisa bodwa, izingcweti eziningi ze-novice zithenga i-tile glue ngaphandle kokuqala ukubala inani layo. Ngenxa yalokho, impahla kufanele ithengwe ngaphezu kwalokho noma okusele kufanele kulahlwe kude. Ukusetshenziswa kweglue kuncike ezintweni eziningana - uhlobo lwayo, ubukhulu bezinto ze-mosaic, inqubo yokubeka, iziqu ze-master.
Ukuthola ukuthi udinga iglu engakanani nge-1 m2, izindlela eziningana zokubala zingasetshenziswa. Elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa umshini wokubala othomathikhi. Emikhakheni ethile, kufanele ufake izici zezinto zokwakha, ubuningi bazo bese ulinda ukuboniswa kwemiphumela. Yize kulula ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza kahle, indlela ayithembeki, ngoba izibalo zizocatshangelwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi kunqunywe ukwakheka kwento ebhekene nayo, ungaqala ukubala inani layo. Uma amathayili eyisikwele, ifomula elula ingasetshenziswa. Okokuqala udinga ukukala indawo yokusebenza. Bese unquma indawo yento eyodwa yethayela. Manje sehlukanisa usayizi wesisekelo ngosayizi wengxenye eyodwa bese sithola inani elidingekayo lamayunithi.
Ukubalwa kwenhlanganisela yokubeka kwenziwa kucatshangelwa uhlobo lwezinto ezibhekene nazo. Kumathayili akhanyayo, ukushuba kwesendlalelo esingu-2-10 mm kwanele. Kungcono ukufaka iseramikhi esindayo enhlanganisweni ebekwe ungqimba luka-15-20 mm. Kungenzeka ukwandisa le nkomba uma ukubekwa kwenziwa ebusweni ngokungajwayelekile okuphawulekayo.
Uma ukushuba okunconyiwe kwesixazululo sokunamathisela kuphakanyiswe ngokweqile, ingxube izoma isikhathi eside. Ngokumbozwa mpo, konke noma ingxenye yezinto ingahle ihambe.
Amathuluzi adingekayo nezinto zokwakha
I-mosaic iqale inamathiselwe kumodyuli ekhethekile ngesimo segridi noma iphepha. Indwangu ebushelelezi izobe isidlulisela kalula kunoma iyiphi indawo. Ingasikwa ngesikele noma ngommese, futhi ingakheka kunoma yisiphi isimo. Izinto ezilandelayo namathuluzi ayadingeka ekubekeni izingxenye zombala:
- I-Primer. Ukuhlobisa indlu yokugezela noma ikhishi, uzodinga umkhiqizo ongangeni manzi;
- Isinamatheliso sezinhlobo ezikhethekile zamatshe abuso nobuso;
- I-grout yamajoyini;
- I-trowel engabonakali yokusebenzisa i-adhesive;
- Surface yokululama ipuleti;
- Irabha trowel yokugaya;
- I-sandpaper yokugaya;
- Noma iyiphi ingubo yokususa okudlekayo.
Ukulungiselela udonga
Imvamisa, kunezisekelo ezisesimweni se-samente-sand screed. Ngaphansi kokuvamile, indawo yokubeka isongwe ngepulasitiki noma nge-drywall. Ngaphandle kokukhetha okukhethiwe, ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kwezindonga kuyadingeka. Ubuso kumele bube yisicaba, bungabi nazimbobo nemifantu.
Ngenqubo yokulungiselela, kubalulekile ukuhlanza izindonga kusuka othulini nasekungcoleni. Ngemuva kwalokho izindonga ziyagezwa futhi zinconywe. Uma zishiswa nge-drywall, udinga ukuvala izingqinamba bese ufihla izigqoko zezikulufo. Lapho ukumbozwa okuqinisa ukunamathela komile, ungaqala ukubeka.
Isicelo se-Glue nokufakwa kwe-mosaic
Ukubamba imojuli yombhalo ebusweni obubheke phezulu, kubalulekile ukuletha iglue ekuvumelaneni okufunayo. Ingxube isetshenziswa nge-spatula elula, njenge-puttying, ekhoneni. Lapho indawo ilungele izindwani eziningana, kufanele idluliswe ngepuleti elinezinyo futhi. Ukuqondiswa kwemivimbo kuleli cala akunandaba. Isixazululo esingeqile sidluliselwa esigabeni esiseduze sodonga.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokusekelwa kwe-mosaic - ukwesekwa kwephepha nokusekelwa kwe-mesh. Ngayinye yehluke kakhulu endleleni yokunamathisela izakhi. Esimweni sokuqala, izingxenye zincike enhlanganisweni yeglue, bese iphepha lihlala ngaphandle. Esikhathini sesibili, i-mesh kanye ne-mosaic ehleliwe ibekwe ku-glue.
Grouting - kokuqeda
I-grout yekhwalithi enganele ingonakalisa kalula ukubukeka kwe-mosaic. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, ngaphambi kokufaka ingxube enemibala noma emhlophe, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlanze indawo enethayela othulini, ususe izintambo zeglue eziqwini.
I-grout ingaba isamente noma i-epoxy. Lapho ukhetha, umuntu kufanele aqondiswe yizici ezithile. Ukucatshangelwa kufanele kunikezwe izimo zokusebenza kwe-mosaic, umsebenzi ongaba khona womzimba, amakhemikhali, imiphumela yokushisa. Kufanele futhi ucabangele ukujula nobubanzi bomthungo. I-grout kufanele ifaniswe ne-mosaic noma ibe mnyama kancane.
Kungenzeka ukugaya izingqimba kuphela ngemuva kokuthi i-mosaic ethe njo isome ngokuphelele. Okungenani kufanele kudlule amahora angama-24. Uma lo mthetho ungalandelwa, amabala angavela endaweni elashwa.
Isiphetho
Ukugqokiswa kukaMose kulungele amakamelo anomswakama ophezulu. Isixazululo esingajwayelekile, esisebenzayo sizohlobisa noma iyiphi ingaphakathi. Ngenxa yemibala ehlukahlukene, okokusebenza nokwakheka, lolu hlobo lokuqeda luba yindawo yonke. Kulula ukunamathisela i-mosaic kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lobuso, ngisho nasezindongeni ezigobekile nezisugobile. Ngemuva kokubuka isifundo sevidiyo noma isithombe, ngisho nomphathi we-novice angakwazi ukubhekana nesinyathelo somsebenzi ngesinyathelo.
