Indlu ingamamitha ayi-8 ubude namamitha ayi-8 ububanzi futhi ihlangene. Kepha ngokusebenza nokunethezeka kwendlu enezitezi ezimbili, 8 × 8 m yanele. Lesi sakhiwo sibukeka sincane nje - kunendawo enkulu ngaphakathi yokuhlelela izakhiwo, ikakhulukazi uma isakhiwo sinesitezi esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Umklamo wangaphakathi webhilidi uhlinzekela ukuhlanganiswa kwamakamelo, kepha akufanele kube nokushoda kwesikhala somndeni wabantu abangu-4-5. Uhlobo olunezitezi ezimbili lungahlukaniswa ngemibandela lube yizindawo ezi-2: luyasebenza nolokuzijabulisa. Isitezi sokuqala sigcinelwe ukwamukela izivakashi, ukupheka, imicimbi yomkhosi. Kwesibili bayaphumula balale. Izindlu ezinesisekelo esingu-64 sq. m ayatholakala nama-attics, amasimu kanye nohlobo olulula lendaba eyodwa. Isisekelo esiqinile sishiya ithuba lokwakha elinye ifulethi.
Izici zezindlu 8 by 8
Ngokuphathelene nendawo ephelele yezakhiwo, lezo zindlu zingaqhathaniswa nezindlwana ezinkulu ezinamakamelo amathathu, amane nahlanu. Ngokuhlelwa okunekhono, isikhala sangaphakathi sizoba sikhulu kakhulu. Isakhiwo se-8 by 8 sinendawo yamakamelo okugeza amaningi, amakamelo okulala amabili, igumbi elikhulu lokuphumula kanye nekhishi / igumbi lokudlela. Lapho wakha izindlu ezinjalo, udinga ukunakekela amandla esisekelo. Isisekelo esiqinile sizovumela ukwakha phansi. Abantu bavame ukwakha indlu ngesabelomali bese befuna ukuyiphendula indlu enkulu ebizayo. Idizayini yezakhiwo eziyi-8 nge-8 m ibonwa ngohlobo olufanayo: isitezi sokuqala sibekelwe igumbi lokuphumula, iphaseji, indlu yokugezela kanye nekhishi, elesibili - ngekamelo elilodwa noma amabili. I-attic iyalungiswa futhi isetshenziswe njengelinye igumbi noma ikamelo elisophahleni. Ungawina indawo ngokuhlanganisa amanye amakamelo. Ihholo livame ukuhlanganiswa nekhishi, ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukwakheka kwala magumbi amabili.
Imithetho yendawo yendlu esizeni
Isakhiwo sokuhlala kumele sibe ebangeni okungenani lamamitha ama-3 ukusuka kulayini obomvu wephaseji futhi okungenani kube amamitha ama-5 ukusuka kulayini obomvu wemigwaqo. Ibanga phakathi kwezindlu ezinhlangothini eziphambene zomgwaqo kufanele libe ngamamitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-15. Uma izakhiwo zenziwe ngezinto ezingashisi, khona-ke ibanga lamamitha ayi-6 lanele, futhi uma zombili izindlu zakhiwa kusetshenziswa inani elikhulu lokhuni, kudingeka okungenani amamitha ayi-15. Isikhathi esincane kakhulu esivumelekile ukusuka endlini kuye emngceleni wesinye isiza singamamitha amathathu. Phakathi kwesakhiwo sokuhlala kanye nebhavu / kahle / idivaysi yokufaka umquba, igebe lokungenani lamamitha ayi-8 lenziwe. Isitoko sezakhiwo ezingaphandle kufanele sisuke kumamitha ayi-12. emakhoneni ukushiya isikhala esiningi segceke ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, okuningi kuncike endaweni yesiza somhlaba. Okuncane kakhulu, kusondela emaphethelweni udinga ukubeka isakhiwo.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha
Izindlu ezenziwe ngokhuni zibhekwa njengezidume kakhulu. Zibukeka ngaphandle, futhi ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezinjalo kuhlala kunephunga elihle. Indlu isengakhiwa ngokhuni oluyindilinga. Kodwa-ke, zonke lezi zinketho zibonakaliswa ukuphepha komlilo okuphansi. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni izakhiwo ezizimele yizitini. Le inketho yendabuko. Ukwakhiwa okwenziwe ngakho, ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bokwakhiwa kwamatshe, kungama amakhulu eminyaka. Lokhu kwaziswa kwenza kube lula ukwaba isikhala samakamelo ezobuchwepheshe. Uma kusetshenziswa amapaneli kakhonkolo aqinisiwe njengezinto zokwakha, khona-ke ngaphandle indlu ngeke ibonakale. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, amabhulokhi kakhonkolo angasindi nawo angasetshenziswa. Amanye ama-subspecies ale ndaba anganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zephrojekthi. Mayelana nalokhu, kufanelekile ukugqamisa amabhulokhi e-foam. Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhuloki kakhonkolo angasindi amabhlogo kakhonkolo anomoya nokhonkolo we-slag.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinto zokhuni
Phakathi kwezinto ezenziwe ngokhuni, kufanelekile ukugqamisa:
- ugodo lwesaha;
- kuhlelwe;
- ethe njo.
Ugodo lwesaha lungacutshungulwa ngokwengeziwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela lulinganiswe ngobubanzi, lwenze izindawo zibe bushelelezi. Akubizi. Ububi bezinto zokusebenza ukuthambekela kokugoqana, ukuthi kungenzeka kwamanzi agelezele emiphakathini, nesikhathi esikhulu esidingekayo sokucubungula. Ubuhle bokhuni obuhleliwe ukulondolozwa kohlobo lwangempela, amandla, ukumelana nelanga, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nomswakama, izimfanelo ezivikela ukushisa. Kukhona nokubi, okuvezwe ekunciphiseni okungenzeka kwendlu kuze kufike ku-15 cm nokuthambekela kokwenza izikhala ngenxa yokuphazamiseka. Izingodo ezinamathele ngokhuni zinamandla amakhulu. Kubonakala ngokungabikho kokuncipha, ukusonteka nokoma. Izinto ezinjalo zinomswakama omuhle kakhulu, ovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokubola. Okubi kubonakaliswa ngamathuba amancane okujikeleza komoya nezindleko eziphezulu.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zesakhiwo sezitini
Ngokwakhiwa kwezindlu zezitini, i-ceramic ne-silicate zivame ukusetshenziswa. Uhlobo lokuqala lulungele imvelo futhi lujiyile. Ekwakhiweni, ibuye ilinganiswe nokuhanjiswa kwayo okushisayo nokumelana kwamanzi. Le nto ine-porosity evumela ukuthi ifake izinzuzo ezingenhla. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezitini zobumba kufanele kuphawulwe. Okunye kokungalungi ukungajwayelekile kokuma kwemikhiqizo ethile. Ukuphambuka akubonakali ngisho ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukubeka. Amanye ama-limestone nawo angahlala esitinini. Isitini se-sand lime futhi siyinto enobungani bemvelo. Iyahambisana cishe nanoma yimuphi udaka lwamatshe. Izitini ezinosilika zinikezwe izakhiwo eziningi ezinhle. Into ngayinye ibonakala nge-geometry ephelele. Izinto zinamandla aphezulu wokucindezela, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukwahlukanisa okuhle kwemisindo. Kodwa-ke, inzima kune-ceramics, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka isisekelo esiqinile. Izinto ezi-silicate azibekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphezulu kahle.
Isitini se-sand-lime siyinto enhle, kepha inguqulo ye-ceramic inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ngemininingwane yokuhlobisa.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zezindlu zohlaka
Lezi zakhiwo ziyindlela yesabelomali uma kuqhathaniswa nezitini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumbozwa kwalezi zakhiwo kungaba kuncane kakhulu futhi kwehluke kakhulu. Imisebenzi yokuqedela iqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokwakhiwa. Izindlu zohlaka zigcina ukushisa kangcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo esinjalo singakhiwa ehlobo nasebusika. Kukhona ithuba lokonga esisekelweni, ngoba isisekelo esinamandla aphakeme kakhulu asidingeki. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sefreyimu kuyashesha. Indlu engu-8 × 8 m ingakhiwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa (kufaka phakathi ukuqeda). Ukufakwa kwemisindo okungalungile ukuntuleka kwezindlu zohlaka. Izakhiwo zeMonolithic, izitini nezitini zingcono kulokhu. Isici se-hazard kufanele futhi siphawulwe esimweni sokusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi. Lokhu kusebenza kuzakhiwo eseziqediwe kanye nengozi kumsebenzi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa.
Hlobo luni lwesisekelo ongalukhetha
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezisekelo:
- iteyipu;
- isilebhu;
- inqwaba;
- ikholomu;
- entanta.
Konke kuncike ezintweni zokwakha ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha indlu nezimpawu zenhlabathi. Isisekelo se-strip sibhekana ngokuphelele nemithwalo esindayo (izindonga ezisindayo naphansi phansi kwendlu). Lokhu kusebenza ohlotsheni oluhlehlisiwe lwesisekelo. Indlu eyakhiwe ngezitini noma ngamatshe enobukhulu obungu-8 kuya ku-8 m ingakhiwa phezu kwalokhu. Isisekelo esingajulile sibuthakathaka futhi sisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezingodo ezilula. Ngokwezinga elithile, isisekelo se-slab siyindawo yonke. Isebenza cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi nakunoma ikuphi ukujula kwamanzi omhlaba. Uhlaka, izingodo nezitini kungakhiwa ngalesi sisekelo. Izindleko, nokho, zizoba phezulu. Kumele uqaphele izinga lezisekelo zenqwaba. Njengoba lolu luhlobo lwesisekelo esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu, zisetshenziswa enhlabathini engazinzile. Ngokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezisezingeni eliphansi, izisekelo zezinqwaba zezikulufu zivame ukusetshenziswa.
Inani lezitezi nokuhlelwa kwendlu
Usayizi wamamitha ayi-8 kuya kwayi-8 uvumela isakhiwo ukuthi sibekwe esakhiweni esincane, ngenkathi sinikeza ukuhlala okunethezeka kuso. Inani lezitezi livame ukukhethwa phakathi kokukodwa kuya kwababili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inketho yesibili ingenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: kungaba yindlu enesitezi sesibili negumbi elisophahleni elincane, noma esikhundleni sophahla olubanzi. Lapho uklama indlu, kufanele ucabange ngokusebenzisa insimu eseduze - indawo enhle kakhulu yamathala nezizathu zasehlobo. Ukuhlela ingaphakathi lesakhiwo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi efuna ngenkani. Kubalulekile ukuthatha isinqumo esifanele mayelana nenani lamakamelo okulala, ubukhulu bephaseji, ukumiswa kwephansi phansi. Kuyafaneleka ukucubungula izinketho zokuhlanganisa amakamelo ambalwa wokukhomba uwahlanganise. Imfanelo eyisibopho yazo zonke izindlu ezizimele yigumbi lezivakashi elibanzi. Zonke lezi zici zidinga ukuhlanganiswa kusixazululo esisodwa.
Indlu enezitezi ezimbili
Isakhiwo esisezansi kwe-2 siyindlela enhle yokonga indawo yesiza. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi wakhe futhi uhlomise izakhiwo ezincane kuwo. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwamamitha ama-3 kungashiywa kuvunyelwe le imitha engu-2.8. Endlini enezitezi ezimbili, lokhu kuzokonga amandla okushisa. Kuhlelwe izakhiwo ezitezi ezi-2 ezinamapharamitha ayi-8 × 8 metres nophahla olunemithambeka encane kuye ngokuthi kuyisakhiwo sokuhlala, ikotishi lokuhlala unomphela noma inketho ethile yonyaka. Ukuhleleka okuhle kwesakhiwo sokuhlala esinezitezi ezi-2 kusho ukuba khona esitezi sokuqala: igumbi lokuphumula elihlanganiswe nehholo lokungena, ikhishi elingasemngceleni walesi sikhala, igumbi lezingane negumbi lokugeza elilodwa noma amabili. Isitezi sesibili siyindawo yekamelo lokulala elikhulu nesifundo esincanyana. Kunehholo nelinye igumbi lokulala / lokugezela eduze kwezitebhisi. Esitezi sesibili, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ube no-1 kuya ku-3 kuvulandi.
Ikotishi
Ukuhlelwa kwendlu eyisitezi esisodwa elinganisa u-8 × 8 m kufanele kubhekele inani lezingane ezisemndenini. Uma bebabili, khona-ke bangabelwa igumbi elilodwa elikhulu noma amabili amancane. Inketho eyodwa amakamelo okulala amabili, elilodwa labadala nelilodwa lezingane. Amakamelo enziwa ngemisebenzi eminingi: ngamatafula nezingubo zokugqoka. Isikhala esiphansi esiphakanyisiwe sabantu abadala yi-12 sq. m, ngewindi elilodwa. Igumbi lezingane lenziwe laba likhudlwana kancane futhi okungcono ngamafasitela amabili. Ekamelweni lokuhlala, amamitha ayisikwele angama-20 anele. Kungcono ukubeka iphaseji, ikhishi, indlu yokugezela nendlu yangasese kumamitha-skwele ayi-14-16. Ikhishi kumele linikezwe indawo eseduze nomnyango. Kunconywa ukuphuma kaningi kwamanye amakamelo kusuka ephaseji elincane. Uma kunokwenzeka, womabili amakamelo okulala atholakala ezinhlangothini ezingafani. Kukhona enye inketho enhle yokuhlelwa, okubandakanya ukuba khona kwekamelo elilodwa lokulala kanye nesitudiyo esinendawo engemuva kwesahlukaniso.
Indlu enophahla
Inketho ejwayelekile kunazo zonke isakhiwo esine-attic njengesitezi sesibili. Ingaphambili nangemuva kwendlu kungenziwa kwehluke komunye nomunye ngangokunokwenzeka. Inani elithile lesikhala samahhala livame ukwabiwa ngaphansi kophahla lwophahla. Amashimula azohlobisa uphahla ngethambeka elingumqansa. Esitezi sokuqala sendlu eyisikwele enophahla, kufanele kuhlelwe ihholo lokungena elinekhabethe, ikhishi elinokufakwa okuncane okufana nephenti negumbi lezivakashi elikhulu. Uma uhlela ukwaba amakamelo okulala ama-2, elinye lawo lenziwa esitezi esingaphansi futhi lenzelwe ukukwazi ukwamukela izivakashi. Kungcono ukwakha izitebhisi eziholela phezulu hhayi ephaseji, kepha egumbini lokuphumula. Amakamelo amaningana kufanele abelwe phansi ophahleni lwendlu. Owokuqala uyikamelo lokulala elikhulu elihlanganiswe nehhovisi. Kufanele futhi wenze inkulisa enkulu. Iphansi elisophahleni yindawo efanele yegumbi lokuzivocavoca.
House enesandiso
Isakhiwo esinokumiswa kwesikwele ngeke siphazamise izijobelelo ezifana namathala kanye nama-verandas. Le yindlela ejwayelekile yokwandisa indawo yokuhlala. Lapho ungakhululeka, uchithe isikhathi ngezinsuku ezifudumele, uhlele indawo yokugcina impahla noma ubeke nje izinto ezithile. Amathala avulekile, avaliwe, aguqulwa ngezakhiwo ezishelelayo. Uhlobo olucwebezelisiwe luyigumbi elengeziwe eligcwele elinenhloso yezinjongo eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezokungcebeleka. Ungonga imali ngokushisa ithala. Iningi lemizi esikhundleni salokho lineveranda evulekile noma evaliwe kulo lonke udonga. Kulula ukubona kusengaphambili lapho kuklanywa indlu. Igalaji kufanele litholakale eduze kwesakhiwo sokuhlala. Ngokufanelekile, inesisekelo esifanayo nendlu. Lesi ngesinye isizathu sokucabanga ngazo zonke izinketho zokunwetshwa esiteji sokuklama indlu nensimu.
Kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezithandekayo zezandiso:
- Abamba Ukushisa. Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, kuzokwenzeka ukuthatha imifino noma izithelo ngokushesha engadini evaliwe.
- I-greenhouse iyindlela ethakazelisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwezitshalo, ingagcwaliswa ifenisha. Umphumela uba igumbi elihle nelokuqala elinokukhanya okuhle kwemvelo.
Izici zokubekwa kwamakamelo endlini
Endabeni yesitezi sokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa amakamelo amaningana endaweni eyodwa. Iphaseji negumbi lokugqoka lenziwa egumbini elilodwa. Ikhishi lenziwa kahle nge-pantry encane. Igumbi lezivakashi lidinga izitebhisi eziholela esitezi sesibili noma ekamelweni elisophahleni (uma likhona). Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze indlu yokugezela eyodwa phansi, futhi uma ibhilidi liyisitezi esisodwa, uzodinga ezimbili kwelinye (ithoyilethi elihlanganisiwe nelilodwa). Igumbi lokulala esigabeni sokuqala lenziwa indawo yonke, lilungele izivakashi. Uma umuntu osekhulile noma okhubazekile ehlala endlini, kumele anikezwe igumbi lokulala esitezi esingezansi salaba ababili. Isigaba sesibili sigcwaliswa yilezo zindawo okubhekiswe kuzo ezingezona ezokuqala. Nansi indawo yokuphumula nokuthula. Izitebhisi esitezi sesibili kufanele zizungezwe inani elikhulu lesikhala esikhululekile. Akufanele ithwale ngenani elikhulu lamadivayisi.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokuhlelwa kwesitezi esingenhla:
- Igumbi lezingane elinekhabethe;
- Indlu yangasese;
- Igumbi elihlanganisiwe lokugcina izinto;
- Igumbi lokulala elikhulu elinompheme.
Imiklamo yendlu yesimanje ngo-8 ngo-8
Izinketho ezingatholakala kuzinhlu zamaphrojekthi aqediwe zinezici eziningana ezifanayo: inani lamakamelo okuhlala liyi-4-5, indawo esetshenziswayo ingaphezu kwamamitha-skwele ayi-100. m, ubukhona bethala. Kukhona izinketho ezinezitezi ezingaphansi, i-attic. Olunye lwamaphrojekthi wakudala wendlu eyi-8 by 8 m ihlinzeka ngephaseji elincane lesikwele eliholela ephaseji elinesitebhisi esiya esitezi sesibili. Indlu yokugezela inikezwa eceleni komnyango wangaphambili. Ngokuphambene nezitebhisi kukhona igumbi lokuhlala elide elide (cishe ama-27 sq. M). Angene ekhishini eliseceleni kwesakhiwo kude nomnyango. Esitezi sesibili kunezindlu zokulala ezimbili. Ezinye izinketho ezithandwayo zifaka ukungabi khona kwamakamelo amade, izitebhisi khona egumbini lokuphumula, igumbi lokulala elilodwa / amabili okuhlukile noma esitezi sesibili kuphela. Isici esihlukile semiklamo yezindlu yesimanje yindawo enkulu ephelele yokuvuleka kwamawindi kanye namaphaseji amafushane.
Lapho ukhetha iphrojekthi yendlu, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke izidingo zawo wonke amalungu omndeni.
Isiphetho
Indawo engamamitha ayi-8 kuya kwayi-8 yanele ukuqaliswa kwemibono yokwakha. Ukucushwa kwesikwele kuhamba kahle ngeziza ezingunxande, okuyizinto eziningi. Ukuhlela ukwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo akuvamile ukuhambisana nezinkinga zokuphepha. Ubunzima obukhulu ngokunembile ukukhetha kokuhlelwa kwangaphakathi, ngoba kukhona ukuhluka okungaphezu kokwanele. Uzodinga ukunquma ukuthi mangaki amakamelo okulala owadingayo, nokuthi kufanele yini ukwenze esitezi esingaphansi, kanye nokucabanga ngamanye ama-nuances amaningi. Igumbi lokuphumula livame ukuhlanganiswa nekhishi noma iphaseji. Izindlu zokugeza zibekwa kuwo womabili amabanga, futhi uma lokhu kungenzeki, okokuqala. Esitezi sesibili, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka isikhala segumbi lokulala elikhulu negumbi elibanzi lezingane. Okungenani kufanele kwakhiwe kuvulandi owodwa.Kwezinye izimo, ukwakha nokuqedela kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela.
