Kusukela ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kuvulandi kusetshenziswe kakhulu njengendawo yokubeka izinto ezingenasidingo, okubuhlungu ukulahla futhi okungenandawo yokuya kuyo. Kepha leli gumbi elisefulethini, estudiyo noma esophahleni, uma lihlelwe kahle, lingaba yihhovisi elihlukile, ingadi enezimbali, ikona lezemidlalo noma igumbi lokuphumula lapho ungafunda khona incwadi futhi uphuze itiye kusihlwa ngengxoxo yokuzilibazisa. Isimangaliso sangempela kubanikazi bamafulethi amancane. Ngezandla zakho, ungahlobisa kahle kuvulandi noma i-loggia, usebenzisa izixazululo zedizayini eyenziwe ngomumo noma uxhuma umcabango wakho.
Ukuhlelwa namafomu
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezakhiwo zebhalkhoni:
- Okujwayelekile ngokuvikelwa komoya;
- Ikhona;
- Iqembu lamabhalkhoni anezivikelo;
- Kushiywe eceleni kwe-facade;
- Ngama-pantries;
- Ama-Loggias.
Ngokwakhiwa, kuvulandi bahlukaniswa baba ngamaqenjana amaningi:
- Esilayithini sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe se-cantilever;
- On imishayo cantilever;
- Ngezinsizakalo zangaphandle;
- Okunamathiselwe;
- Kunamathiselwe;
- Kunamathiselwe.
Ama-loggias nawo angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo eziningana:
- Ama-loggias-balcony;
- Ephathekayo;
- Eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuhlukaniswa, kunamabhalkhoni aseFrance enza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa. Zicwebezeliswe ngokuphelele, zincane kakhulu futhi azikulungele ngokuphelele ukuhlela ikamelo elihlukile.
Okubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokulungiswa, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde izici zokuklama kuvulandi. Uma kunesidingo, kuzodingeka ukufaka uthango olwengeziwe, uqinise isisekelo, udale ifreyimu.
EKhrushchev
E-Khrushchev, kuvulandi bungaba ngezinhlobo ezintathu ngobude:
- 2.4 amamitha;
- 2.7 amamitha;
- 3.2 amamitha.
Ububanzi begumbi elinjalo lihlala lingaphansi kwemitha. Ubukhulu bamabhalkhoni aseKhrushchev ngeke avumele okuningi "ukuphenduka." Ukuhlela igumbi elincanyana kangaka, kuzofanele uzame. I-Minimalism izoba isitayela esifanelekile sokuhlobisa. Ifenisha kufanele ibe engasindi futhi isebenzise izinto eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunconywa ukuthi usindise kakhulu amabhalkhoni aseKhrushchev. Idizayini yabo ingahle ingakwazi ukumelana nesisindo esiningi, ngakho-ke i-ceramics, ebhekene namatshe kanye ne-parquet kuzodingeka ishiywe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isakhiwo kuzofanele siqiniswe.
Endlini yephaneli
Amabhalkhoni epaneli anezici eziningi. "Ishidi" likakhonkolo eliqinisiwe lishiselwe kusuka ekugcineni kwesilayidi kuvulandi, elibheke phezulu. Kwakheka igebe elikhethekile phakathi kwama-slabs, asetshenziswa njenge- "drain" yamanzi emvula kumabhalkhoni angenazicwecwe. Ngenxa yalesi sici, kuvela ubunzima lapho kubacwebezela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphaneli ayigcini ukushisa kahle, futhi izingqimba ngokuvamile azifakwanga kahle ngumoya, okwenza amakamelo anjalo abe ngamakhaza kakhulu. Isendlalelo sokufakwa okushisayo kuvame ukufakwa kuzo zonke izindawo. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwa phansi, lapho kungcono ukufaka khona ukufudumeza okungekuko. Ezindlini zephaneli, izitezi azilingani. Ukuzivumelanisa kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwenani elikhulu lezinto, elizobeka phansi isakhiwo. Isixazululo kuzoba ubuchwepheshe bezitezi eziguquguqukayo.
Uchungechunge lwe-P44 ne-p44t - "Isikebhe" ne "Boot"
“Izikebhe” zehlukaniswa ukwakheka kwazo okuyisici: maphakathi ebanzi ethe tha ezinhlangothini. Ama-loggias anjalo abangela ubunzima ku-glazing. Ukuhlela isikhala esingajwayelekile nakho kunzima kakhulu. Ngokwandiswa kwayo okubonakalayo, iwindi kuvulandi nomnyango kuvame ukususwa. Igumbi elincane alikuvumeli ukubeka ifenisha egcwele kulo, ngakho-ke indlela elula ukuzikhawulela kugalari yezimbali noma ezihlalweni ezimbalwa eduze kwetafula le-sill-top.
"I-boot" yochungechunge lwe-p44t yehlukile "esikebheni" ngokuba khona kwezindiza ezintathu, okuqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi we-glazing nokuqeda. Kulula ukushintsha ama-minus egumbi elinjalo abe ama-plus uma usebenzisa "ama-crease" alo njengabalingisi abengeziwe bokunquma isikhala.
Kuvulwe kuvulandi
Umklamo webhalkhoni ovulekile uzokwenza ukuthi kube lula ukwenza uveranda wasehlobo ohlukile egumbini elincane "elibandayo", lapho abahlali basemafulethini aminyene bengaphupha ngabo kuphela. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi igumbi elinjalo lisetshenziswa kuphela ngenkathi efudumele. Lokhu kungenye yezinkinga zalo mklamo. Ifenisha isetshenziswa engasindi, esebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi. Lapho uyikhetha, kugcizelelwa ukuhlangana okusheshayo, ukugcina okulula ebusika. Akunasidingo sokugcwalisa isikhala ngamakhabethe nefenisha yokugcina. Itafula elincane nebhentshi noma izihlalo ezimbili zensimu zanele. Kuvulandi ovulekile uzodinga ubuncane bezindleko zomhlobiso wawo. Konke okudingeka ukwenze ukufaka ama-grates amahle bese wenza ikhava ekhanyayo. Le nketho izoba kuhle ekukhuleni ingadi yasehlobo. Uma ifulethi lisemabhilidini angaphansi, ama-attics anjalo kwesinye isikhathi ahlanganiswe nemivini, okuthi ehlobo inikeze umthunzi owengeziwe futhi ngasikhathi sinye ihlobise ingaphambili lendlu, ijabulise amehlo abadlula ngendlela.
Kuvulandi ovaliwe
I-Balcony glazing ingaba yizinhlobo ezimbili:
- Kuyabanda;
- Kufudumele.
Esimweni sokuqala, kusetshenziswa iphrofayili ye-aluminium. Ngokucwebezela okufudumele, iphrofayili ye-aluminium enokufakwa okushisayo, izinkuni zemvelo noma i-PVC iyasetshenziswa. Uhlobo olubandayo lulungele lawo mabhalkhoni kanye nama-loggias, ukwakheka kwawo okungavumeli ukusetshenziswa kwemithwalo eyengeziwe. Lolu hlobo luvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kuKhrushchevs. Izinto zokuvala umoya kuleli cala azidingeki. Ukufaka amafreyimu anjalo kulula futhi kuyonga ngokwezindleko. Ukucwebezela okufudumele kuzokwenza kuvulandi kube "ukuqhubeka kwefulethi": izinga lokushisa kulo lizofana nakwendlu yonke, nasebusika. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amafreyimu afudumele azokwengeza umthwalo kuvulandi, ngakho-ke awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni ezintekenteke.
Futhi, i-glazing ingaba nengxenye noma i-panoramic. Ngokukhetha okuyingxenye noma okudala, ingxenye engezansi kophango ihlala ivaliwe. Lolu hlobo lwe-glazing luvame kakhulu. I-panoramic glazing isivele iba semfashinini, ngayo lonke uthango lucwebezelisiwe, futhi engxenyeni engezansi kukhona ukuzithokozisa okungumbombayi kokuphepha. Benza ngasikhathi sinye umsebenzi wokuvikela futhi badlala indima yomhlobiso. Ngohlobo lokuvulwa, ibhande lamawindi lingaba li-rotary, lishelele noma liphume. Umkhuba wokufaka amawindi epulasitiki usudlangile. Aqinile, avaliwe, asebenziseka kalula, anokufakwa kahle kwemisindo futhi kulula ukuwafaka. Kodwa-ke, ukhuni aluba yinto yesikhathi esedlule ngenxa yenzuzo yalo enkulu: ukutholakala kwama-micropores emvelo avumela igumbi "ukuphefumula", kuqeda umoya omile.
Uhlelo lombala
Ukuze ukhulise isikhala ngokubonakalayo, imibala ye-pastel ivame ukusetshenziswa, phakathi kwayo umhlophe ongumholi. Uma kwakhiwa indawo yokuzilibazisa, khona-ke iba mnyama ngokukhanya okuphuzi okukhanyayo, okuluhlaza okotshani nemibala ensundu ukuze amehlo asekamelweni elinjalo akwazi ukuphumula. Yonke imibala e-brown, grey noma emnyama isetshenziselwa ihhovisi. Endaweni yokudlela, imibala efudumele isetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukuphumula nokwandisa isifiso sokudla. Indawo yokuzijabulisa noma yezemidlalo yakhelwe ngokuhlanganisa ama-hues akhanyayo, anolaka ngemibala ethambile yokulinganisela. Ungakha "amabhlogo" ahlukile wemithunzi emnyama noma ekhanyayo ezogxila ekunakekelweni kwezivakashi.
Okubalulekile! Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi amafasitela e-loggia abhekene nalo. Uma uhlangothi lunelanga, khona-ke imibala ebandayo nefudumele iyavunyelwa. Uma uhlangothi lusenyakatho, khona-ke izithunzi ezifudumele kufanele ziphumelele ekwakhiweni.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha
Ukunweba isikhala sokusebenza sefulethi, okokuqala kudingekile ukuvala kuvulandi. Ngalezi zinhloso, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto zokwakha ezishisayo zisetshenzisiwe. Njengesilinganiso esingeziwe, hlomisa phansi "okufudumele". Ngokukhethekile kukhokhelwa umhlobiso wendawo. Ukusetshenziswa komhlobiso wodonga lwangaphakathi:
- Ulwelwesi Ngokhuni;
- Amashidi e-Plasterboard;
- Ulwelwesi lweplastiki;
- Ukhokho;
- Ukuhlehla;
- Amapaneli e-PVC;
- Vimba indlu.
Ukugoqa igumbi nge-clapboard kuzoba isigaba sokugcina sokwelashwa kwendawo. Kulokhu, ungaxhuma umcabango kuphela lapho ukhetha umbala. Ukubhekana ne-plasterboard kuzokuvumela ukuthi unamathisele phezu kwezindonga ngephepha lodonga ngendlela oyithandayo. Ukuqedela ukhokho kubiza kakhulu futhi kunemvelo. Kumabhalkhoni wezitini, kwesinye isikhathi izindonga zishiywa zisesimweni sazo sokuqala. Idizayini yanamuhla yegumbi ivame ukunikeza lo mbono njengesisombululo sangempela. Isitini sicutshungulwa ngendlela ekhethekile: siyalinganiswa, siyaphakanyiswa futhi siyapendwa. Udonga olunjalo lwezitini uqobo luyoba yinto yokuhlobisa. Kulokhu, ukuthungwa kwesitini kungenziwa kubushelelezi ngokuphelele, kube lukhuni noma kuhlangane ngokuvumelanayo izinhlobo ezahlukene zemidwebo nemibala. Igalari yezithombe kuzimele zensimbi noma uchungechunge lwemidwebo engabonakali izobukeka kahle endaweni enolaka.
Izinto ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuqeda phansi:
- Laminate;
- I-Linoleum;
- Ukhaphethi;
- Parquet;
- Izinto zobumba.
Ikhaphethi ne-linoleum kusetshenziselwa izakhiwo zebhalkhoni ezingavumeli isisindo esisindayo. I-laminate flooring ibukeka icebile, kepha ngezindleko kuyisinyathelo esiphakeme kunezinye izinto. Okwephahla, kungcono ukukhetha izinto ezingasindi ngomsebenzi wokuhlobisa. Umkhuba wokusebenzisa ophahleni bokunwebeka usakazekile.
Okubalulekile! Ungakhohlwa ngomhlobiso wangaphandle. Ngeke nje yenze kuvulandi wakho ube muhle ohlangothini lomgwaqo, kodwa futhi ngokungeziwe uwufake. AmaSpredishithi ebhodi lukathayela abhekwa njengenketho enhle kakhulu yalezi zinhloso.
Isitayela
IProvence isitayela esikhanyayo se-hinterland yaseFrance. Kubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto zemvelo, amaphethini wezimbali nemibala ekhanyayo. Ukuba khona kwenqwaba yezimbali zasendlini kanye nengilazi enhle nama-trinket we-porcelain kuyinto edingekayo.
Isimanjemanje sibonakala ngokuthamba kwemithunzi namajika amafomu. Akayiboni imigqa eqinile yejometri. Yize amakamelo ehlotshiswe ngemibala ye-pastel, ezinye izinto ezinemibala egqamile zigcizelelwa ngendlela yokuzenzela. Imidwebo nezithombe ezisodongeni, inani elincane lamavasi, amalambu nezikhumbuzo ezikhulisa umoya. Amawindi engilazi agciniwe azogcizelela ubucayi bengaphakathi kuvulandi efulethini elisesitayeleni se-Art Nouveau.
I-Minimalism ibona kuphela ukutholakala kwemininingwane yokusebenza kwangaphakathi. Kubonakala ngokulula nangokucacile. Isitayela sisuselwa kwimibala eyisisekelo emibili kuphela, edlala ngama-shades emininingwaneni emikhulu yangaphakathi. I-Minimalism idinga izikhala ezivulekile nobuningi bokukhanya kwemvelo.
I-Hi-tech ibhekwa njengesitayela sesimanje esiseduze ne-minimalism. Ubona ubujamo bejometri obuqinile kuphela. Kwemibala, kusetshenziswa izithunzi ezimnyama, ezimhlophe, ezimpunga. Kungenzeka ukwengeza okubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okunsomi njengokukhanya kwangemuva. I-Hi-tech ikhetha inqwaba ye-chrome, indawo yensimbi nengilazi. Kugcizelelwa ekukhanyeni okufakelwayo okusabalalisa futhi kukhulise ngokubonakalayo isikhala.
Ifenisha
Ifenisha yamabhalkhoni avulekile ifana nefenisha yensimu. Umgomo oyinhloko lapho uyikhetha yikhono lokusonga ngokushesha bese ulibeka egumbini lokugcina. Kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele uma kukhulunywa ngekamelo eligcwele eligcwele efulethini noma indlu yangasese yohlobo oluvaliwe. Lapha abaklami bazame konke okusemandleni abo. Ngokuya ngenhloso yokusebenza kwekamelo, ungakhetha izingxenye zefenisha ezenziwe ngensimbi, ingilazi, ipulasitiki noma ngokhuni. Uma igumbi lizosetshenziselwa ukuzivocavoca, khona-ke lizoba nama-simulators ahlangene azovumela umuntu oyedwa ukuthi aziqeqeshe ngokukhululeka.
ILoggia ehlanganiswe negumbi lokulala isetshenziswa njengekhoneni lamalungiselelo kusihlwa ngaphambi kokuyolala. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ifenisha itafula lokugqoka, ama-ottomans nosofa abantofontofo. Okwendawo yokuzilibazisa kukhawulwa etafuleni elincane elinendawo yokuhlala: usofa ogoqwayo noma i-ottoman eqinile enenqwaba yemicamelo ethambile, lapho izivakashi zingakhuphuka khona ngezinyawo zazo. Uma isikhala sihlelelwe indawo yokusebenza, lapho-ke kugcizelelwa amakhabethe nezindawo zokugcina izinto. Ukuguqula uhlobo lwefenisha i-ZM2 kuzosiza ukonga isikhala. Ukukhethwa okubanzi kwezinto ezinjalo zefenisha ngamanani aphansi ezitolo ze-Ikea eNetherlands.
Ukukhanyisa
Ukukhanyisa okubekwe kahle kungaba utshani bokonga ekamelweni elincane kuvulandi. Ngosizo lokukhanya, ungakwazi ukukhulisa isikhala ngokubukeka. Ayikho imikhawulo ekukhetheni izinto zokukhanyisa. Kungaba ama-light, chandeliers, amalambu, amasconces, ama-LED, amalambu aphansi nezinhlelo eziphelele zalapho kukhanyiswa khona. Zingabekwa ezindongeni, ophahleni ngisho naphansi. Ukuze kungonakali ukubukeka kobuhle bekamelo ngezintambo zikagesi, kufanele zinakekelwe lapho seziqedile. Ngemuva kwalokho izintambo zikagesi zizoba ngohlobo olufihliwe, oluzogwema ukubheka izintambo. Ukuvula izintambo kufihliwe ngezinto zokuhlobisa namaphaneli akhethekile. Inzuzo enkulu yezintambo ezivulekile ukutholakala kwayo ngesikhathi sokulungisa, okungenakushiwo ngentambo efihliwe.
Lapho ufaka izinto zokukhanyisa, udinga ukunaka ukuqondiswa kokukhanya. Ukukhanya okuqondile kusuka phezulu kuye phansi kwenza kube nzima futhi kunciphise isikhala. Ukukhanya kusuka ezansi kuya phezulu, okusakazeke ngobuciko ebusweni obukhanyayo besilingi, izithombe nezibuko ezindongeni, kunweba isikhala. Kumakamelo amnyama, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe kusuka kumalambu anamandla ngenani elikhulu lamalambu amancane angeziwe. Ukudlala kwezithunzi nokukhanya kuthinta ngqo umbono weso lomuntu ngobubanzi, ubude "nokujula" kwesikhala.
I-Balcony ihlangene nekhishi
Kuvulandi kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa njengokuqhubeka kwekhishi uma igumbi lincane kakhulu futhi lingavumeli ukuhlanganisa indawo yokudlela nendawo yokupheka. Ingxenye yeyunithi yekhishi ingabekwa kuvulandi; ingasebenza njengegumbi lokudlela uma i-windows sill yangaphambili yakhelwe njengetafula lokudlela. Ingxenye efanayo izobekwa kabusha njengebhawunda, okuzoba ukwengezwa kwesitayela uma kwenzeka amaqembu ekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhishi elihlanganiswe nebhalkhoni lizokhanya kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Kugcwele;
- Ngokwengxenye.
Lapho zigcwele, izindonga ezihlukanisa amakamelo womabili zisuswa ngokuphelele. Ukwakhiwa kabusha okuyingxenye kubandakanya ukudiliza amafasitela nezicabha kuphela. I-sill yangaphambili yefasitela ingasebenza njenge-countertop, ishalofu lokugcina noma into yokuhlobisa.
IKhabinethi kuvulandi
Kulabo abasebenza kakhulu ekhaya, kepha bengenalo ikona labo langasese, kuvulandi kuzoba yisixazululo esihle kule nkinga. Egumbini elinjalo, kubekwa ideski elincane lokusebenza, isihlalo sasehhovisi ngisho nosofa. Yonke imibhalo edingekayo, izincwadi namanye amathuluzi okusebenza kungasatshalaliswa kalula emashalofini kuze kufike ophahleni. Le nketho ibuye ibe lula ngokukhanyisa. Emini, akudingeki ukuthi uphinde uvule amalambu. Ehlobo, umsebenzi uzokwenzeka ngaphandle. Umklamo ofanele, ohlangene wesikhala sokusebenza uzovumela noma kusuka kuvulandi omncane weKhrushchev ukuthi enze ihhovisi elihlukile lokusebenzela efulethini elinekamelo elilodwa.
Ingadi ye-Balcony
Ukuhlelwa kwensimu encane kungenziwa zombili kuvulandi ovulekile wesikhathi sasehlobo, nakwesivaliwe ukuze kusetshenziswe unomphela. Ukonga isikhala, izitshalo zihlungwa ngohlobo. Ama-braids atshalwa ezimbizeni ezibekwe ngasodongeni. Futhi odongeni uqobo banamathisela ama-trellises: ama-lattices enkuni lapho kuzobekwa khona "udonga" oluhlaza. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, kusetshenziswa amatafula akhethekile anezitezi ezahlukahlukene kanye nezitshalo zokulenga. Kuvunyelwe ukubeka i-trellises hhayi odongeni kuphela, kepha nangaphansi kwewindi uqobo. Ngemuva kwalokho, uhlaza olwandile luzokwakha isithunzi semvelo egumbini. Le nketho ibalulekile kulawo mafulethi anamawindi abheke ohlangothini lwelanga. I-mini-garden izoba inketho enhle kulabo abangenayo ikotishi lasehlobo, kodwa bathande ukucwilisa phansi.Kulula ukutshala utamatisi, ama-radish, ubhekilanga wokuhlobisa, ukhukhamba, amakhambi, u-anyanisi nezimbali zasendlini kuvulandi.
Ingemuva
Kuvulandi kade wayeka ukusebenza njengendawo yokugcina izinto. Izixazululo zokwakhiwa kwanamuhla zizokusiza ukuthi wakhe igumbi elihlukile eligcwele eligcwele elivela egumbini elingenayo injongo ethile. Lokhu akulungele nje kuphela amafulethi amancane, lapho yonke imitha yesikwele ifanele isisindo sayo ngegolide, kepha futhi nasemakamelweni avulekile lapho ungahlela khona ikona lobumfihlo.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bj81dl8gZFQ
