Ukuguquguquka nentando yeningi yesitayela saseMelika kukwenza kufaneleke ezinhlokweni ezahlukahlukene zabantu. Ngenxa yalokhu ingaba khona ngokulinganayo ezindlini ezicebile nasezindlini zamadolobha zabasebenzi abajwayelekile. Kule ndlela, ukuhlanganiswa kwezitayela ezahlukahlukene kungalandelwa - i-art deco, izwe, okwakudala. Ukuhlela kahle isikhala ngokuya ngemigomo yesitayela saseMelika, igumbi elibanzi liyadingeka. Izimo ezinjalo zivumela ukugcwalisa ikhaya ngomoya wenkululeko nokukhululwa - ingxenye eyinhloko yalo mkhuba.
Mayelana nesitayela: umlando nezici zeminyaka ehlukile
Ukuvela kwesitayela saseMelika kwenzeka engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-17. Kwakungalesi sikhathi abafuduki bokuqala baseYurophu baqala ukuhlola okungaziwa, kepha okuhehayo ngokulinganayo nokumema izwekazi laphesheya kwezilwandle. Lezi zifiki ezicebile zazifuna ukuhlomisa amakhaya azo ngomoya wesiko lakubo. Kwakungelula ukuphinda wenze imvelo esizeni. Ukushoda kwezindwangu ezifanele nezinto zokuqedela akuvumelanga ukudlulisa kahle izici zesitayela sangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuhlotshiswa izindlu, kusetshenziswe izakhi zezinkomba ezahlukahlukene zangaphandle - ngokoqobo - obekutholakala. Lesi bekuyisizathu sokusuka ekuqineni okukhona ngaphakathi kwezwe le "Old World". Isitayela kancane kancane sahluka ngokwengeziwe.
Ekuqaleni, ngisho nefenisha ebizayo yayilula futhi isebenza - ngokuya ngemikhuba yaseBrithani esefashinini. Ngo-1780, ubulula bayo bangaphambilini babuthathelwe indawo yimidwebo ehlonishwayo nama-cornices agobile. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela izibonelo zokuqala zefenisha yaseMelika ngempela - izingubo zokugqoka ezinjengezifuba zamadilowa, zigxunyekwe phezulu, noma onobhala abanezinhlaka zamagagasi.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ukwakheka kwesitayela saseMelika kwase kucishe kuphele. Izici zayo eziyinhloko ezihlukanisayo ukuzibamba, ukuhlobisa i-laconic, umbala wemvelo onamandla nokuma okucacile kwejometri.
Ngemuva kwe-World Exhibition of Industrial Achievements eParis ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, umhlaba wonke kanye neMelika, phakathi kokunye, baba nentshisekelo ngemibono ye-Art Deco. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu okunethezeka, okuwubukhazikhazi kwangaphakathi, okwadlala amafilimu adumile aseHollywood ngaleso sikhathi.
Cishe cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, isidingo semikhiqizo ye-art deco asizange sehle. Lapho izinkanuko sezihlile, abakhiqizi bazama ukudala isiphithiphithi esisha ngokukhulisa indikimba yasemakhaya. Kepha izingcingo zokuphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo azange zihlabe umxhwele kuwo wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke isitayela sezwe esakhangiswa ngaleso sikhathi asizange sithole ukwesekwa okwanele, yize ukubuyela emuva okuthile ohlangothini lwalesi siqondiso kwakusalandelwa.
Izangaphakathi zaseMelika zanamuhla zilwela ubuncane besimanje nokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwayo yonke imininingwane. Abakhiqizi besimanje befenisha e-United States bagcizelela ubuntofontofo, ukusebenza nobuhle, kunokuba kube ukunethezeka kokuqhosha.
Izinhlobo zesitayela
Ithonya lezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba labonakala ekwakhekeni kwesitayela saseMelika. I-United States ibilokhu iheha izakhamizi zakwamanye amazwe. Bathutha ngobuningi bakwamanye amazwekazi bephishekela iphupho laseMelika, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye baletha nocezu lwamasiko abo. Abomdabu baseYurophu, e-Afrika, e-Asia, eLatin America banikele ekuthuthukiseni lo mkhuba. Ihlanganisa izici zamasiko amaningi, okuvela ngaphakathi. Isitayela saseMelika singahlukaniswa ngokwesitayela sendawo. Kukhona izwe lakudala, lesimanje, neoclassical.
I-neoclassical yaseMelika
Isici esiyinhloko sezinto ezinjalo zangaphakathi ukucwengeka kube lula nobuhle, nokuguquguquka okwaziwayo. Lapha, ubuchwepheshe besimanje nezinto zokwakha ezintsha zihlangana ngokuphelele nemithetho yakudala yokwakheka kwesikhala. Ekuklanyeni, ukutholakala kwamapulangwe epulasitiki, izindwangu ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ukulingiswa kweziko lomlilo kwamukelekile impela.
AmaMelika amanje
Isici sesici sesimanje ukuhlanganiswa kokusebenza nokunethezeka. Ifenisha ethokomele ebubunjini besikhathi samanje ihlelwe ngokuya ngemigomo yakudala. Naphezu kokuvelela kwefenisha yanamuhla, ingaphakathi lingaqukatha izinto zakudala kanye ne-art deco. Ukufakwa kwemininingwane yakudala kusethingi kanye nezinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala izinto zangaphakathi zaseMelika zanamuhla. Kumhlobiso, indawo yokubasa yomlilo yakudala ingahlala ne-TV yesikhathi samanje, izibani zesikhathi esizayo ezinamabhodlela angavamile nezithombe, izibuko zesibuko esine-coupler yenqola.
Isitayela sezwe laseMelika
Lo mkhuba waqhamuka ezindlini zezwe ezicebile, hhayi nasemaphandleni, njengoba abaningi bakholelwa. Ukushibha nokuzincisha izinto ezingeyona into echaza lesi sitayela. Izindonga zokuqeda ngokhuni, phansi, imishayo evezwe ophahleni, ifenisha enolaka evela ezinkuni ezingalashwa - izici zezwe. Ingxenye ebalulekile yegumbi lokuphumula iyindawo yokubasa umlilo phambi kwendawo yokuhlala enefenisha epholile entofontofo efakwe esikhunjeni noma izindwangu ezimangelengele ezinokwakheka kwemvelo. Isitayela sisondele kakhulu emvelweni, njengoba sisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezisimeme nemibala yemvelo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izindlu zangaphakathi zaseMelika zinokuhlukahluka okuyisisekelo futhi zingabonakaliswa zombili ngendlela ebonakalayo yakudala, nangendlela yesimanje yokusebenza noma ye-rustic.
Izici zesitayela
Ubuningi bamazwe ase-United States buholele esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuhlangana kwesitayela saseMelika. Kuyinhlanganisela ejwayelekile yezindlela zaseYurophu, zase-Afrika nezaseMpumalanga ekukhetheni izesekeli nokwakha i-ensemble yangaphakathi, futhi ihlanganisa izitayela zendabuko nezesitayela. Izakhiwo ezihlotshiswe ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zihlanzekile futhi ziyabukeka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zilula, ziyasebenza futhi zithambekele emvelweni.
Inkomba yokuklama yaseMelika ibonakala ngo:
- ukulingiswa kokunethezeka, ukushintshwa kwezinto zemvelo ngepulasitiki ne-MDF kuphela;
- ukuvelela kokukhanyisa okwenziwe ngokwezomnotho okwedlula zonke - ubukhona bamasoni, amalambu aphansi, amalambu etafula. Isibani esimaphakathi sisetshenziswa emakamelweni okuhlala;
- ukuhlukanisa isikhala sibe yizindawo kusetshenziswa ukwahlukaniswa kwamaselula, ukuvula ishelufu;
- ukuhlanganisa amakamelo nokusebenza okuhlukile - ikhishi lingaba segumbini elifanayo nendawo yokudlela, olele noma wefoyer uvame ukuhlanganiswa negumbi lokuphumula;
- ukubeka ifenisha maphakathi negumbi, hhayi eceleni kwezindonga.
Imibala yesitayela sendabuko
Imibala evelele ezintweni zangaphakathi zaseMelika yilezi:
- okumhlophe - kungasebenza njengesisekelo noma ukugqamisa izinto ezithile ngaphakathi. Kaningi basebenzisa imibala efudumele, ejabulisa iso emhlophe - ubisi, ukhilimu. Zibukeka zimibalabala ngokumangalisayo ngokuhlanganiswa nemibala yezinto zemvelo, zisethwe futhi zibagcwalise;
- beige - ithandwa emifelaneni enombala omhlophe, noma njengombala oyinhloko. Imikhiqizo emincane ngokuqhathaniswa nomthunzi wangaphambilini futhi ayidingi imizamo ye-titanic yokugcina ukubukeka okuhle kwegumbi;
- sandy - umthunzi ophuzi otubekile, uvame ukusebenza njengama-accents azwakalayo. Ucezu lodonga, ukhaphethi, ifenisha ephakanyisiwe ingapendwa kulo mbala;
- ushokoledi - umthunzi owengeziwe okuvumela ukuthi uqokomise imininingwane ngayinye yezangaphakathi futhi unikeze ukuhlobisa ukujula nokukhululeka. Lo mbala ungasetshenziselwa amakhethini, irowu, isihlalo sobukhosi, imishayo yokugunda noma yophahla.
Ikamelo lokulala lingaba nemithunzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nebomvu. Ukuhlobisa ngombala wegolide noma wensimbi kuphelele. Le mibala ihlangana kahle nephalethi yesitayela eyisisekelo. Izinhlanganisela eziphikisanayo nazo zamukelekile ngaphakathi:
- mhlophe ngombala obomvu nomnyama onsundu;
- mhlophe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesihlabathi;
- mhlophe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu;
Ingaphakathi laseMelika akufanele ligcotshwe ngemibala egqamile. Ukuqedwa kwephansi, izindonga, uphahla, imibala yefenisha enkulu kufanele ivinjelwe, i-monochromatic. Imibala ekhanyayo isetshenziswa njengama-accents.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuqedela
Esinye sezimpawu zengaphakathi laseMelika izindleko ezibonakala ziphakeme. Ukulingiswa kwezinto zemvelo kuvame ukufakwa lapha kunamatshe wangempela, ukhuni oluqinile, izitsha zobumba. Ama-trim athandwayo afaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-baguettes, ama-moldings nama-cornices. Zingaba yimuphi umbala futhi kufanele zivele zikhulu impela. Zimboza izindawo zanoma yimaphi amalunga, ushintsho olusuka kokunye kuya kolunye, zihlobisa izingosi zeminyango.
Izindonga
Kusetshenziswa izinto ezilula impela zokuhlobisa udonga. Lezi ndawo zidwetshiwe ngombala owodwa ngopende, noma zinamathiselwe ngephepha lodonga elisobala. Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe zisetshenziselwa ukugqamisa udonga lokugqamisa noma ingxenye yalo. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kwezindwangu kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ingaphakathi licace ngokwengeziwe, ukugcizelela amandla alo. Ukuqanjwa kodonga lwamaphaneli wamanga kuyathandwa eMelika. Njengomthetho, zinanyathiselwa kulo lonke ipherimitha lekamelo, ziqala phansi zigcine endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.5. Enye indlela yokuklama ukunamathisela kolunye lwalo lonke udonga.
Phansi
Okokusebenza kwaphansi, i-laminate ekhanyayo ivame ukukhethwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile, amabhodi we-parquet akhethwa. I-porcelain stoneware namathayili akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. Lezi zinto zokwakha zifakwa amathayili ngezikhathi ezithile ekhishini noma endlini yangasese. Amakhaphethi ezintweni zangaphakathi zaseMelika awathandwa kakhulu. Kepha ukudala ubuntofontofo nokunethezeka, umkhiqizo omncane we-fleecy ngokwesiko ubekwa emakamelweni okulala amakhosi nezivakashi. Imvamisa, kukhethwa kukhaphethi wombala owodwa, kwesinye isikhathi indawo ethambile egumbini lokuphumula ihlotshiswe ngophephethi onamaphethini wejometri noma wezimbali, noma ukhaphethi onenqwaba ende.
Uphahla
Uphahla luvame ukungathobeki, lupendwe mhlophe. Kwezinye izimo, isakhiwo esigodliwe senziwe ngokhuni oluqoshiwe, i-MDF, ipulasitiki noma udonga olomile, okunikeza igumbi ukubukeka okunethezeka. Lapho kwenziwa ingaphakathi ngesitayela sezwe, uphahla luhlotshiswe ngemishayo emikhulu eyenziwe ngokhuni lwemvelo noma ukulingiswa kwayo. Kwesinye isikhathi ingaphezulu noma izingcezu zalo zinamathiselwe ngephepha lodonga.
Ukukhanyisa
Izikhala ezibanzi zidinga izimo zokukhanyisa ezicatshangwe ngokucophelela endaweni ngayinye.
Isiqondisi saseMelika sibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwe:
- izibani ezizungeze umkhawulo wegumbi noma indawo yokuhlala ezinikele egumbini elikhulu elinokusebenza okuhlukile;
- i-chandelier eqinile enezingalo eziningi nokumiswa maphakathi nengxenye yegumbi lokuphumula, indawo yokudlela noma yokulala;
- ukungeza amadivayisi wokukhanyisa endawo - zonke izinhlobo zamalambu etafula, amalambu aphansi, amasconces, amalambu.
Ukukhanyisa ezintweni zangaphakathi zaseMelika kungokwemvelo, kuhlakazekile futhi kuthambile.
Ifenisha: ukukhetha nokubekwa
Izici zesici sokukhethwa nokuhlelwa kwefenisha
- Izinto zangaphakathi zitholakala engxenyeni emaphakathi yegumbi noma endaweni ezinikele enokusebenza okuthile. Ayifakiwe eceleni kwezindonga. Amakamelo avulekile ayasiza ekuhleleni izingoma ezikahle, azihlukanise phakathi. Isibonelo, usofa nezihlalo zezingalo zibekwa ezungeze itafula lekhofi, itafula lokudlela libekwe ngendlela yokuthi kube khona indawo yokungena yamahhala evela kulo ngapha nangapha, nezihlalo ziyalizungeza. Ekamelweni lokulala, indawo emaphakathi ihlala umbhede, futhi ekhishini, "isiqhingi" sivame ukutholakala maphakathi nendawo.
- Imvamisa, kukhethwa ifenisha enkulu enethezekile enkulu, futhi ekhishini kuyasebenza futhi.
- Ngisho nasekamelweni elihlukaniswe izingxenye, kukhethwa izinto zefenisha kusuka kusethi eyodwa. Kufanele zihlanganiswe ngokuya ngezinto zokwenza, ukuklama, ukuhlobisa, umbala nokuthungwa.
Izindwangu
Ngesitayela sakudala saseMelika esibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezindwangu ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ezihlotshiswe ngesitayela esingeyona inkimbinkimbi ngokulungisa ukwakheka. Amakhethini avame ukwenziwa ngendwangu yemvelo noma exubile yombala owodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi ingaqukatha amaphethini amancane wejometri. Ngalesi sitayela, ama-flandiose amahle futhi aluhlaza, ama-ruffles nama-lambrequins awafanelekile. Esikhundleni samakhethini ajwayelekile, kungasetshenziswa amapaneli aseJapan, amakhethini amaRoma noma izimpumputhe.
Izesekeli nokuhlobisa
Abaqambi abancomi ukuthi ulayishe ngokweqile izinto zangaphakathi ngezinto ezinkulu zokuhlobisa. Induduzo nokuqina kuyabaluleka lapha, ngakho-ke izitshalo zasendlini, izingqimba zezimbali, imidwebo, amaphaneli nezithombe kuzimele ezinhle, imicamelo yokuhlobisa ukufanisa amakhethini nezingubo zokulala ezithambile kufaneleke kakhulu. Indawo yokubasa yomlilo engaphezulu izosiza ukudala umoya othokomele.
Izibonelo namathiphu wokuhlobisa amakamelo ahlukene efulethini
Ukukhetha isitayela saseMelika somhlobiso wefulethi, udinga ukuqonda okulandelayo - ukufeza ukuhambisana nezimfanelo ezikhona kule ndawo, esikhaleni esilinganiselwe kunzima kakhulu. Kepha ukunamathela kuzincomo ezithile zokukhetha izinto zokwakha kanye nefenisha ezosiza ekufezeni le njongo ngisho nasendlini enekamelo elilodwa noma estudiyo. Izinketho zangaphakathi ngesitayela saseMelika zethulwe esithombeni.
Iphasishi / iphaseji
Isikhala esikhululekile esikhulu, iphalethi elikhanyayo, ukuntuleka okuphelele kokuhlobisa - isixazululo esihle kakhulu sephaseji. Izici zesitayela saseMelika zivumela ukuthola indawo evulekile, engenalutho engabonakali futhi isikhala esizojabulisa abahlali ekhaya ngalinye.
Ngokuhlobisa, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe iphepha lodonga elicacile noma ngephethini elincane. Zibukeka kahle ngokuhlanganiswa nokhuni olukhanyayo noma amaphaneli we-MDF. Ungakhetha futhi ukugqoka ngemibala ekhanyayo. Into esemqoka ukuthi ziyahambisana komunye nomunye kanye nokwakheka okuphelele kwefulethi.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa ifenisha yemvelo yokhuni. Esikhaleni esincane, kufanele ulahle ifenisha engadingekile. Ekamelweni elibanzi, kunalokho, akufanele uzincishe induduzo futhi ngaphezu kwekhabethe, kufanele ubeke isifuba samadilowa, usofa omncane, izihlalo ze-wicker netafula lapha.
Igumbi lokuphumula
Kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa igumbi lokuphumula ngendlela yokuthi lihlale likhululekile, likhanya futhi livulekile. Indima enkulu idlalwe yifenisha enkulu ephakanyisiwe, ebekwa kangcono engxenyeni emaphakathi yegumbi eduze kwendawo yokubasa umlilo noma iphaneli enkulu yethelevishini. Izihlalo nosofa zihlanganiswe ndawonye etafuleni elincane lekhofi. Ibanga elibi kakhulu ligcinwa phakathi kwezinto. Esikhundleni sezihlalo ezithambile, ozakwabo be-wicker bangasetshenziswa kusuka kumahedisethi. Amadivayisi wezobuchwepheshe, umtapo wolwazi, izinto zokuhlobisa zifakwa kuma-niches akhethekile. Izindawo ezivundlile ngokuvamile azinakho ukuhlobisa namagajethi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhabethe amakhulu noma ukushefa akwamukelekile ngaphakathi.
Ikhishi
Isitayela saseMelika siyisinqumo esihle ekhishini elibanzi. Emafulethini anamagumbi amabili, iyunithi yokudlela kumele ihlanganiswe negumbi lokuphumula. Ukwamukelwa komkhawulo kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise ngokubonakalayo indawo yokupheka endaweni yokudlela. Ungasebenzisa ukwahlukanisa okuphansi okulula, ama-racks ngokusebenzisa amashalofu, ama-panels ashibilikayo. Uma ufisa, ungavele uvule usofa ubuyele endaweni yekhishi. Enye indlela ukuyibiyela ngesifuba samadilidi lapho kuzofakwa khona iziqu zasendlini.
Indawo ngayinye kufanele ibe nokukhanya kwayo kwendawo. I-chandelier enkulu ingabekwa ngaphezu kwetafula lokudlela.
Kungcono ukhethe ifenisha ebekwe ngokhuni oluqinile noma ngengubo yokulingisa elandela izinkuni zemvelo.Izindonga zeMat zezingilazi akufanele zibe nokuhlobisa okuningi. Ekhishini laseMelika, into ethandwa kakhulu yisici sesiqhingi sehedsethi enendawo yokudlala eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, isinki noma indawo eyengeziwe yokusebenza. Izitaki zebha nazo zamukelekile. Bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa ikhishi negumbi lokuphumula. Imvamisa, abaseMelika bakhetha imodeli yamahedisethi emise okwe-U. Imishini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi iyathandwa. Okunye okumele ube nakho yi-dome hood enkulu.
Ikamelo lokulala
Amakamelo okulala angahlanganisa isitayela sakudala nesezwe. Kukhona ifenisha esewonke ekhangayo, imibala ekhanyayo ye-pastel nezindwangu ezithokomele. Leli gumbi libonakala ngokuba khona kwekhanda eliphakeme kanye nedili ohlangothini lwemilenze. Ezinhlangothini zombili ze-headboard kukhona amatafula amabili asembhedeni, afakwe odilowa namalambu - itafula noma amasonces Ukuhlalisa ilineni lokulala nezingubo, kufanele unikeze isifuba samadilowa, futhi uma isikhala sivuma, ikhabethe elikhulu noma ikamelo lokugqoka. Izihlalo zezihlalo ze-Wicker nemibhede yensimbi ilingana kahle nezinto zangaphakathi zanamuhla.
Indlu yangasese
Indlu yangasese ekhaya laseMelika imvamisa ifakwe iwindi elingenisa ukukhanya okwanele. Imvamisa, indlu inamathoyilethi amaningana - eyenkosi - ngemuva kwekamelo lokulala nelokwezivakashi - emnyango. Owesithathu ubekwa eduze kwegumbi lezingane. Indlu yangasese ivame ukuhlanganiswa nendlu yangasese futhi iqukethe ifenisha encane. Njengomthetho, zikhawulelwe kwikhabethe elingaphansi kosinki kanye nekhabethe elengayo elinesibuko emnyango. Kuhlala kugezwa endlini yokugezela. Uma kunesikhala samahhala, kungafakwa enye indlu yeshawa, kepha ukugeza kuhlale kuyinto ephambili. Imvamisa ibekwa ngaphansi kwewindi noma maphakathi negumbi. Indawo enendlu yangasese ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngodonga. I-laminate noma i-tile emelana nomswakama isetshenziswa njengokuqeda phansi. Ezindongeni, khetha ukudweba, ukupenda. Ifasitela lihlotshiswe ngekhethini elikhanyayo.
Izici zokuhlobisa ikhaya ngesitayela saseMelika
Endlini yaseMelika, igumbi lokuphumula lenzelwe ukwamukela izivakashi. Akuyona inkambiso ukukhumula izicathulo lapha, ngakho-ke kukhethwa izinto eziwusizo kakhulu futhi eziqinile. Imvamisa, okokuzilibazisa komndeni kuphela, kunelinye igumbi lokuphumula elithokomele egumbini elisophahleni. Enye indlela ukuhlomisa igumbi lentsha lapha, ukuyihlomisa ngohlelo lwesimanje lomsindo namanye amadivayisi wezobuchwepheshe - lapha umculo onomsindo ngeke uphazamise muntu.
Indawo eyintandokazi lapho wonke umndeni ubuthana khona yigumbi lokudlela. Ngesikhathi sokudla, kuxoxwa ngezinkinga ezibalulekile zomndeni, kwenziwa izinqumo ezibalulekile. Impahla kufanele idale umoya othokomele, onomusa.
Ubungani bemvelo buyaziswa ekwakhiweni kwekhishi. Kubaluleke kakhulu kunokubukeka. Imvamisa, amahedisethi namaqembu okudlela ezindaweni zangaphakathi ezinjalo enziwe ngokhuni lwemvelo.
Amakhaya aseMelika ngokuvamile anezindawo zokulala eziningana. Izinhloko zemindeni zihlala endaweni ebanzi kakhulu, ezinye ziya ezinganeni. Uma ukwakheka kuvumela, igumbi legumbi lezivakashi ngokuqinisekile lizokwabiwa. Ayikho inqwaba yefenisha nokuhlobisa emagumbini okulala. Umhlobiso usebenzisa imibala elula, emisha.
Ngokuvamile kunezindlu zokugeza eziningana. Okufanelekile, kufanele ihlukaniswe ekamelweni ngalinye lokulala. Ayikho imishini endlini yokugezela - ama-boilers, ama-washer kanye nama-dryer. Kukhona igumbi elihlukile labo endlini noma babekwa egumbini elingaphansi.
Isiphetho
Isitayela saseMelika - sihlanganisa izinto zakudala nezanamuhla. I-plasticity kanye nokukhululeka kwalo mkhuba kukuvumela ukuthi kufakwe kunoma yimaphi amaphrojekthi ezindlu ezinendawo eyanele.
