Isitayela sesimanje esivinjelwe nesisebenzayo yisisombululo esifanele sabathandi bokunethezeka nokulula. Imizamo yokuqala yokuhlanganisa lo mkhuba ngaphakathi yenzeka vele eminyakeni yama-60 yekhulu elidlule, kepha ukwakheka kwesitayela kwaqedwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Lokhu kukwazile ukukugcwalisa ngamathrendi wakamuva ekwakhiweni kwanamuhla.
Lesi siqondiso akusona ilungelo labanini bezindlu abacebile kuphela. Ubulula bayo nendlela efanelekile yokusebenzisa isikhala ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe umoya onethezekile ngaphandle kokutshala imali eningi, noma endaweni encane.
Isitayela silungile ekuhlobiseni indlu, ifulethi noma ihhovisi. Akunazo izingqinamba ezibeka umklami ohlakeni oluqinile. Contemporary ayihambelani nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nobuncane be-laconicism. Lapho kwakhiwa izinto zangaphakathi, ukuqonda okuvamile nokusebenziseka kalula kwabahlali bakusasa kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Umlando wesitayela
I-Contemporary iqale ukubonakala phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ifaka izici zesitayela saseScandinavia, ubuncane kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinto. Ngaleso sikhathi, amafulethi angawodwana nawomphakathi ahlotshiswe ngesizotha. Ingaphakathi lakhiwa ngefenisha ekhiqizwa ngobuningi nezinto zokuhlobisa. Izingxenye eziningi zathengwa "ngesikhathi", kube yimpumelelo enkulu ukuthola okuthile okukhethekile ngalezo zinsuku. Emafulethini, kanye nempahla enesizotha ne-laconic, izinto zakudala ezivela ezitayeleni ezahlukahlukene ngisho nasezinkathini zangabakhona.
Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, ukuhlobisa izindlu kwakubonakala nge-eclecticism ethile. Ngakho-ke, ingaphakathi lesimanjemanje lagcwala imininingwane yezitayela ezinomlando omude. Abakhi bezakhiwo nabaqambi besikole iBauhaus baba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni nasekusabalaliseni isitayela eYurophu. Bathuthukisa umqondo wokwenza ifenisha enethezekile futhi engabizi kakhulu ekwazi ukuhlela izinto nezinto eziningi. Ngokwecebo labo, kufanele libe nokubukeka okuhle futhi okuhle, nezindleko zesabelomali.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, cishe yonke imindeni yaseMelika, yaseRussia noma yaseYurophu yayingaziqhenya ngefenisha enjalo. Yonke indawo yokuhlala yayineyunithi ekhishini ejwayelekile noma udonga. Abathengi balithakasele ithuba elihlinzekiwe lokuthola ifenisha yesimanje engabizi kodwa enhle futhi esebenza kahle. Izinto zayo eziningi zisasetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi.
Ukufaneleka kwesitayela sesimanje kulele ekhonweni layo elihlukile lokuhlanganisa izinto zesimanje nefenisha kusuka ezitolo zamaketanga nezinto zakudala. Ngokusho kwabaqambi, ngokuzayo le ndlela izoguqula, ithuthukise futhi ngeke ilahlekelwe ukuthandwa kwayo isikhathi eside.
Izici, izici nezici ezihlukile zesitayela
Njengoba isitayela sincike ekufakweni okuzenzakalelayo kwempahla ngaphakathi, lapho uhlobisa igumbi, awudingi ukulandela imithetho eqinile ngaphakathi kwenkathi ethile yomlando. Izinto ezigcwalisa igumbi zivela kuyo kuphela ngesizathu sokuthi abanikazi bazithande. Ngakho-ke, awudingi ukugcina iphalethi yombala kuma-shades athile, uthenge ifenisha yomklami bese u-oda amakhethini esitayela esithile. Lapha kuvunyelwe ukuqeda izakhiwo ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje, ukuphoqa igumbi ngefenisha ekhululekile eyenziwe ngefektri.
Ngubani okhetha isitayela sesimanje
Kule ndlela, izici zesimanjemanje zifakiwe, kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa, ngakho-ke kuyathandwa kubalandeli bokuvuselelwa kwangaphakathi kaningi. Ingqikithi yezimfanelo lapho isitayela sesimanje sisekelwe khona kulula, induduzo nokusebenza. Ifanele wonke umuntu okwazisa ukuba lula, ukusebenziseka kalula futhi engakubekezeleli ukuzikhukhumeza nokuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile.
Ubuhle balesi sitayela ukuthi izinto zangaphakathi ezidalwe kuso zehlukile. Njalo, isixazululo sangempela senziwa ngezinto ezilula nezijwayelekile.
I-ergonomics nokusebenziseka kalula kwalesi sitayela kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlobiseni isikhala sehhovisi. Ukuhlukahluka nokuhlukahluka kwamamojula nokwakhiwa kukuvumela ukuthi uhlele indawo yokusebenza ngokubhekela izidingo zomuntu ngamunye zomsebenzi ngamunye. I-monotony yezindonga izobe ihlanjululwe ngemidwebo nezithombe.
Iyiphi indawo isitayela sesimanje esifanele yona?
Isitayela sesimanje siyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlobisa amafulethi amancane anamuhla. Zonke izinto zalo zingaguqulwa kalula futhi zilungiswe ezimweni ezihlongozwayo. Ekuqalisweni kwayo, kuqala kubekwa enhlanganweni efanele yendawo yokuhlala, ngokuhlukaniswa kwayo okunekhono kube yizindawo ezisebenzayo.
Igumbi eline-geometry elula liyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza isitayela. Lo mklamo uzobukeka umuhle egumbini elijwayelekile elijwayelekile lesakhiwo esijwayelekile sokuphakama kwephaneli. Ifenisha yanamuhla yamafomu alula futhi aqondakalayo anezinhlaka ezicacile kanye nolayini oqondile, amadivayisi wobuchwepheshe obuphakeme, amaphosta, izithombe nemidwebo kuzongena kalula kuwo. Amathuluzi wokuqedela atholakalayo futhi asebenzayo azoba isizinda esihle kakhulu. Kungcono ukhethe izinto zombala owodwa ngobuso obushelelezi ukuze kube lula ukuqedela okulula. Isibonelo, upende okhanyayo ezindongeni, phansi ngokhuni nophahla omhlophe opendwe. Ungahlanganisa uphahla olucwebezelayo ngephepha lodonga elicacile naphansi. Izinto ezinjalo akudingeki zilungiswe ngesikhathi sokufakwa, zihlangene - lokhu kuzosindisa ekunciphiseni. Ingaphakathi akufanele libe nezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi - ukwahlukaniswa okunamawindi agqamile anengilazi, ukubunjwa kwe-stucco, ukufakwa kwamazinga amaningi, izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Le mihlobiso ayifuni kakhulu ingaphakathi, elenzelwe ukuzilibazisa nomsebenzi.
Ubunono nokuzibamba kwamakamelo, ahlotshiswe ngesitayela samanje, kushiya indawo enkulu yokucabanga nokuzama. Le mfanelo imvumela ukuthi asebenze kakhulu. Kufanele ukwengeza ezintweni zangaphakathi izinto ezimbalwa "ezikhulumayo" ezivela kwisitayela esehlukile futhi igumbi ngeke laziwe. Uma ungumnikazi wefulethi elincane futhi uthanda ubulula nokunethezeka, lesi sitayela sizolungela wena.
Izixazululo zombala zesitayela
Izinto zangaphakathi zesimanje zifakwa ngemibala engathathi hlangothi, ephumuzayo. Azidonsi amehlo futhi azibangeli ukucasuka. Ezindlini zesimanjemanje ze-megalopolis, kuyathandeka ukusebenzisa amathoni ansundu ngokubomvu ngemuva kwezindawo ezimhlophe. Ama-accents abekwe ngaphakathi ngezinto zokuhlobisa, ifenisha nezitshalo zendlu.
Ama-shades alandelayo afaneleka njengesisekelo sokugcwaliswa okukhanyayo:
- okumhlophe;
- beige;
- mpunga;
- i-graphite;
- nsundu.
Ububanzi obuvinjiwe buzohlanjululwa futhi buhlotshiswe ngezinto:
- okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- ophuzi;
- okubomvu;
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- oluluhlaza;
- izimbali ezingamawolintshi.
Akufanele ungeze imibala ehlukahlukene yokugqamisa kokukodwa kwangaphakathi. Kungcono ukukhetha izithunzi eziseduze zombala ofanayo. Futhi ukuze unikeze ubungqabavu, ungadlala ngemidwebo.
Kubuciko besimanje, imidwebo namaphethini akuvamile ukusetshenziswa, kepha ukwethulwa kwemidwebo yemvelo kuyakhuthazwa. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sitayela ungathola:
- ukuphrinta kwezilwane;
- ukulingisa ukhuni noma itshe.
Izinto zokwakha nezindlela zokuhlobisa ngaphakathi
Ukwakha umklamo wesimanje, bakhetha izinto zesimanje eziqinile. Kumele zenziwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo zobungani bazo kwemvelo.
Idizayini isebenzisa:
- izinkuni ezipholishiwe - zezindonga, phansi nophahla;
- itshe lemvelo - lokufaka phansi nezindonga endlini yokugezela, ekhishini. Ungabeka futhi iphinifa lekhishi kanye nophahla olunamapuleti we-monolithic;
- ingilazi eyenziwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo. Ama-Shades, ifenisha noma izinto zayo, ukuhlobisa nemininingwane yokuhlobisa kwenziwa ngayo;
- isikhumba semvelo sokwengeza osofa, izihlalo, izihlokwana nezinye izakhiwo zefenisha.
Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kukho kwemvelo, izinhlobo eziningi zokufaniswa okufakelwayo zisetshenziswa ezindlini zanamuhla. Izakhi zokwenziwa ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezisebenzayo zinokubukeka kobuhle nokuqina, zihlangabezana nezidingo zamazinga ezempilo nokuhlanzeka kwemvelo.
Phakathi kwezinto ezenziwe ngokufanele, eziphephile, kukhona:
- i-laminate - evame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala i-flooring, kepha ingasetshenziselwa udonga nophahla;
- itshe lokufakelwa - lokumboza phansi ephaseji, endlini yangasese, ekhishini, kwesinye isikhathi nasekamelweni noma egumbini lokuhlala;
- Indwangu ye-PVC yokwelula ophahleni.
Izinto zangaphakathi zesikhathi samanje azitholi inqwaba yemibala egqamile, imihlobiso namaphethini. Kepha lokhu akusho nhlobo ukuthi zibukeka ziphaphathekile futhi zifiphele. Ungavuselela i-monotony yegumbi ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka. Lapho kutholakala khona abaklami kunama-glossy, matte, rough, embossed textures.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okulandelayo kusebenza kahle:
- acrylic nge ingilazi kanye chrome evele;
- ukhuni lwendalo nolukhuni;
- ukuqedwa kwensimbi nezingxenye ezine-lacquered;
- izindwangu ezenziwe ngombala - zihamba kahle ngezindawo ezingaphansi ezimbotshiwe nezibushelelezi.
Isici esihlukile sezinto zangaphakathi zesimanje ukusebenza kanye nenduduzo. Ngakho-ke, umhlobiso uqukethe zombili izinto zemvelo nezokwenziwa.
Izindonga
Ngokuhlobisa udonga ngalesi sitayela, khetha:
- amabala;
- ukufaka ipulasitela;
- ukunamathisela ngephepha lodonga;
- ukufakwa kwamatshe;
- inhlanganisela yemidwebo ehlukahlukene - inhlanganisela yesamente, iphepha lodonga, izakhi zokhuni, amapaneli amatshe
Phansi
Lapho kwakhiwa ikhava phansi, kuyasetshenziswa:
- i-tile noma i-porcelain stoneware. Ukumbozwa kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nesistimu yokushisa "yaphansi efudumele";
- i-linoleum;
- laminate;
- amathayili we-vinyl;
- ukhaphethi;
- ibhodi le-parquet;
- amabhodi aphucuziwe enziwe ngokhuni lwemvelo.
Uphahla
Lapho uqeda uphahla, ungazikhawulela ekuhlanzeni umhlophe noma upende ngopende we-acrylic noma wamanzi. Uma ufuna ukwenza uketshezi oluhehayo oluhehayo nobuhle ngokukhanya kwephuzu okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, khetha isakhiwo eseluliwe noma esimisiwe. Imfashini yezinqwaba zamazinga amaningi ayisekho, kepha ukwakheka okulula, okunesizotha kuzongena ngokuphelele kwisitayela esilula nesisebenzisekayo.
Ukukhanyisa
Inhlangano efanelekile yokukhanyisa iyadingeka ukwakha idizayini yesikhathi esigcwele. Kuyo, indima ebaluleke ngokulinganayo yabelwa imithombo yemvelo neyokufakelwa. Bazama ukungavali amafasitela e-panoramic ngamakhethini awugqinsi ukuze bangagcini ukungena kwelanga egumbini. Ngamawindi amancane, kufakwa amadivayisi wokukhanyisa amaningana azungeze umkhawulo.
Izinketho zomthombo wokukhanya wokufakelwa:
- i-chandelier emaphakathi ekwakhiweni kwesimanje okuqondayo;
- ukukhanyisa kwe-LED okufihliwe kwamashalofu, izinhlaka zefenisha, ama-niches, izindawo ezihlukile ekamelweni;
- ukubekwa kwendawo kwamadivayisi angashadile - amasconces, amalambu aphansi, amabala endaweni yokufunda, imidlalo, igumbi lokudlela.
Ngendlela yesikhathi samanje, izibani zesimo sejometri noma ifantasy elula zingenzeka, kepha umbuso wobukhosi nokuziqhenya kwe-rococo kufanele kukhishwe.
Ukukhethwa kwefenisha
Ukwakheka kwesitayela kwaqala ngokwakhiwa kwefenisha entsha esebenzayo. Ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kokugoqana okuhlanganisiwe, amamodeli aguqukayo kwenzeka eminyakeni yama-60s yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kusukela lapho, ifenisha enjalo ikhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu. Ihlala ifunwa futhi isebenza namuhla.
Imiklamo yefenisha ethandwa kakhulu ngalesi sitayela:
- izingubo zokugqoka ezivela kumamojula ahlukene anezingxenye zezincwadi, i-TV, ikhompyutha, izingubo. Amanye amamodeli anetafula elisongekayo ngaphezulu;
- amamojula athambile angaguqulwa kalula - umbhede wosofa, umbhede wesihlalo;
- izingubo zokugqoka ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezinamadrowa;
- imibhede enamakamelo okugcina okukhishwa;
- amatafula ngenhla yokugoqa;
- ama-notshi;
- abagqoki;
- osofa.
Inzuzo enkulu yalesi sitayela sefenisha izindleko zayo ezingabizi kuhlangene nokubukeka kwesitayela nokuqina okuphezulu. Lo mphumela utholakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zanamuhla:
- isikhumba semvelo;
- MDF;
- izinto zokuxuba ezixutshiwe;
- izakhi laminated.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindwangu
Izindlwana zangaphakathi eziqondisayo ezinemibala yazo engathathi hlangothi, imigqa eqondile nezimo ezilula zifuna ukuvuseleleka nje. Yilapho izindwangu zisiza khona ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, imibala egqamile, amaphethini nemihlobiso. Ngosizo lwemicamelo, amakhethini nezibhedi lapho ungeze khona imivimbo yokugqamisa, wenze igumbi lizwakale kakhudlwana. Into esemqoka ukungawenzi ngokweqile. Usebenzisa le ndlela, kufanele uzilinganisele kumabala we-1-2 wombala. Ungayenqaba ngokuphelele imibala eyengeziwe, kepha engeza amaphethini. Ukunakekelwa okulula, izindwangu zemvelo zilungele lesi sitayela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindwangu zombala owodwa ngemidwebo ehlukene kubukeka kuthakazelisa. Okuheha ngokukhethekile umehluko phakathi kwezindwangu ezintofontofo nezimo eziqinile zemiklamo yefenisha. Umphumela osobala kakhulu wale nqubo ungabonakala ekusetshenzisweni kukakhaphethi, okwenza igumbi lifudumale, ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso.
Izesekeli nokuhlobisa
Ungavuselela umoya ozolile ngaphakathi ngosizo lwezinto zokuhlobisa. Bangaba ngabamele izitayela ezahlukene nezinkathi ezahlukene. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izinto ezikhanyayo nezicwebezelayo - ukukhetha kuncike kokuthandwa ngumnikazi.
Ezingaphakathi ezinjalo, izikhumbuzo ezilethwe ohambweni lwebhizinisi nohambo, ama-trinkets amahle anikelwe ngabangani afanelekile - konke okubalulekile kumnikazi wefulethi futhi kusiza ukugcina izinkumbulo zezikhathi ezimnandi zempilo yakhe.
Izitshalo eziluhlaza zasendlini nazo zingumhlobiso omuhle wezangaphakathi zanamuhla. Izihlahla zesundu, ama-ficuses, ama-fern ngeke ahlobise ingaphakathi kuphela futhi akwenze kucace ngokwengeziwe, kepha futhi kuzosiza ukuhlanza umoya nokwakha umoya onethezekile.
Lapho uhlobisa igumbi, zama ukungalidluli ngenani lezikhumbuzo.
Izibonelo zokuhlobisa ingaphakathi lendlu
Ingaphakathi elihlotshiswe ngale ndlela yokuklama lifanelekile kunoma iliphi igumbi lefulethi noma indlu yezwe. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izindlela zokwenza lokhu.
Iphasishi / iphaseji
Umhubhe wesimanjemanje upendwe ngemibala ekhanyayo. Izindonga zingaqedwa ngezitini ezi-clinker noma ngetshe lokuhlobisa. Iphansi libekwe nge-laminate, linoleum, amathayili noma amathayili we-vinyl. Ngaphezu kokukhanyisa okuphakathi, ibala noma ukukhanya kwe-LED kuyasetshenziswa. Akufanele kube nefenisha eningi. Ikhabethe elikhulu futhi elenzelwe imisebenzi eminingi elakhelwe ngaphakathi nebhentshi elincane elineshalofu lezicathulo lanele impela. Izindonga zingahlotshiswa ngemidwebo embalwa.
Igumbi lokuphumula
Ukuhlobisa igumbi lokuphumula lesikhathi esizayo ngokunenzuzo, kufanele unake izincomo ezilandelayo ngokuhleleka kwalo:
- hlela indawo yokuhlala entofontofo enosofa onethezekile nonamagumbi kanye neziko lomlilo noma isibhamu. Lokhu kuzodala umoya othokomele futhi kungabi yiqhwa kusihlwa esibandayo sasebusika;
- thuthukisa isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokukhanyisa ngemithombo eminingi yokukhanya. Lokhu kuzovumela, uma kunesidingo, ukuguqula ngokubonakalayo isimo egumbini;
- sebenzisa amakhabethe we-modular ngaphakathi ngokugcwaliswa okuhlukahlukene - amashalofu avulekile, lapho amabhuku namafreyimu wezithombe angabekwa khona ngokulula, izigaba ezivaliwe, odoti;
- khetha izithombe, imikhiqizo enemidwebo yesimanje, imidwebo ngaphandle kohlaka njengokuhlobisa udonga. Amasofa angahlotshiswa ngemicamelo enemibala noma enephethini. Izitshalo zasendlini nazo zizofika kahle;
- Vumela ukukhanya kwelanga okungokwemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka egumbini.Ukwenza lokhu, sincoma ukushiya amakhethini, futhi, uma kungenzeka, sandise ukuvuleka kwamawindi.
Ikhishi
Umklamo wesimanje ulungele ikhishi. Ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe ingaphakathi elisebenzayo elinobunjwa obulula, eligcwele ubuchwepheshe besimanje, futhi alidingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Yini eyenza leli khishi lihluke?
- Indawo yekhishi ihlanganiswe nendawo yokudlela. Emafulethini e-studio, ikhishi liyingxenye yegumbi lokuphumula. Le ndlela yokuhlela isikhala ikuvumela ukuthi wenze igumbi likhululeke ngokwengeziwe. Indawo yekhishi ingahlukaniswa ngosizo lokukhanya, i-podium, nokuqeda ngezinto ezahlukahlukene.
- Ama-facade amahedsethi anendawo ebushelelezi nokufakwa okufihliwe.
- I-suite ingalekelelwa ngesiqhingi noma isibali sebha.
- Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obakhelwe ngaphakathi.
- Kusetshenziswa inani elikhulu lezinto zokukhanyisa. Ngokwengeziwe, indawo yokusebenza, indawo yokudlela, ibha counter ikhanyisiwe.
- Iphinifa lekhishi lingenziwa ngengilazi - okusobala noma okuphrintiwe kwesithombe.
- Ukugcwaliswa kwekhabethe ngalinye kucatshangwa ngaphambi koku-oda ihedsethi, ngesikhathi kulungiswa iphrojekthi yayo.
Indlu yangasese nendlu yangasese
Indlu yangasese ihlotshiswe ngemibala ezolile - mpunga, isihlabathi, nsundu, imibala ye-graphite. Izinto zokwakheka nokwakheka okungajwayelekile kuleli gumbi kungasetshenziswa - izinkuni, amashidi wensimbi, kepha ungakhohlwa ngamathayela ajwayelekile namatshe e-porcelain. Ithoyilethi linethoyilethi elenga odongeni, ishawa ehlanzekile. Ubhavu uvamise ukubekwa ngetafula lokugeza elinomnyango wokuvula nongilazi. Isici esiyinhloko kungaba yi-chrome noma amapayipi anemibala nezinsiza. Endlini yokugezela ehlangene, uma kunesikhala samahhala eduze kwendlu yangasese, kufakwa i-bidet enokufakwa. Imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko igcinwa ezihlalweni ezifihliwe ngaphakathi nasemakhabetheni.
Ikamelo lokulala
Ekamelweni lalesi sitayela, ungahlanganisa ama-shades amabili we-monochrome noma angathathi hlangothi. Zihlelwe ngokomthetho wokushintshana okuvundlile. Isibonelo, izindonga ezimpunga zihlukanisa ifulethi elimhlophe nophahla. Ukugqamisa egumbini elinjalo kungaba ikhabethe elikhanyayo ngesitayela sesimanje noma igumbi lokugqoka elineminyango enezibuko noma ingilazi. Umbhede ungahlotshiswa ngemicamelo enemibala. Uma ungafuni ukwenza igumbi likhanye kakhulu, zikhawulele enhlanganisweni yezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Izingane
Isimo esiyinhloko sokuhlobisa i-nursery ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zemvelo eziphephile empilweni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusabalalisa kahle izindawo zokulala, ukudlala nokutadisha. Amasistimu wokugcina amathoyizi avulekile asiza ukwehlisa isikhala kuze kufike phezulu. Ezindongeni ezikhanyayo, imidwebo ekhanyayo, ama-stencils ahlukile kanye nezitika zangaphakathi ezicwebezelayo zamukelekile.
Isiphetho
Uma ukunethezeka, ukusebenziseka kalula nokuba lula kuyinto eza kuqala kuwe, isitayela sesimanje sizoba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Ngokuya ngezincomo zethu, ungakha indawo yobuhle, yesimanje kanye nokusebenza. Izibonelo zezinto zangaphakathi zangempela ngesitayela esichazwe ngenhla zingabonakala esithombeni.
