I-Arch ekhishini esikhundleni seminyango

I-arch iyinto yokwakha esetshenziswa njengophahla lokuvula odongeni noma phakathi kwezisekelo ezimbili. Zisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kusukela ngekhulu lesi-3 BC. Ngisho namaRoma asendulo, lapho akha ama-viaducts, ama-aqueduct, amabhuloho nezinye izakhiwo, enza izinto zesakhiwo ngendlela ye-arched. Kamuva zaqala ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinqaba nezigodlo. Inani eliphakeme lokuthandwa liwela eNkathini Ephakathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isitayela seGothic saqala ukuthandwa, okunzima ukusicabanga ngaphandle kwemengamo ekhonjiwe. Amafulethi anamuhla nawo ahlotshisiwe ngokusetshenziswa kwawo, yize ehlala uphawu lwendlela yakudala. Ngokuya ngemithetho ethile nokucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngephrojekthi yokwakhiwa, ama-arches angahlonyiswa njengento yento efulethwe ehlotshiswe ngesitayela sesimanje.

Izici zokuhlelwa kwekhishi nge-arch

Ikhishi igumbi elikhethekile kunoma iyiphi ifulethi. Imvamisa, kulapho wonke amalungu omndeni ebuthana khona ngemuva kosuku olunzima noma abangane beza ukuzokhuluma ngenkomishi yetiye. Akumangazi ukuthi ukunakwa okukhethekile kunikezwa ekwakhiweni kwamakhishi anamuhla. Njengomthetho, amakamelo ekhishi aseduze ayiphaseji, ihholo lokungena noma igumbi lokuphumula. Ungahlanganisa la magumbi womabili usebenzisa i-arch.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisana nabakhi abangochwepheshe ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wokwakha, ngoba akuwona wonke amagumbi anekhono lobuchwepheshe lokwakha imengamo. Uma umnyango oya ekhishini unweba, ezimweni eziningi asikho isidingo sokuwuqinisa noma ukuthola izimvume zokwakha.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-arch ihlelwe odongeni oluthwala umthwalo, khona-ke izibalo zamandla esakhiwo kufanele zenziwe bese kwenziwa iphrojekthi yokwakha kabusha, okumele ihlanganiswe nezinhlangano zombuso ezifanele.

Izinzuzo nobubi bama-arches

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhothamo njengengxenye yokwakhiwa kwekhishi kunezinzuzo eziningi, kepha okokuqala kukuvumela ukuthi ubukeke ukhulise igumbi futhi ulivule kakhulu. Lo mphumela awutholakali lapho ufaka iminyango yakudala ehlukanisa indawo yekhishi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isixazululo esinjalo sivame ukubiza imali, ngoba iminyango esezingeni eliphakeme yangaphakathi enokufakwa kwangaphandle kubiza kakhulu. Ukuhlelwa kwephaseji ye-arched kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ifulethi likhanye kakhulu, ngoba ukukhanya kwelanga, njengokushisa, kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamakamelo.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuvulwa kwe-arched ngaphakathi nakho kunezinkinga zako:

• umklamo onjalo awuhlinzeki ngokufakwa komsindo, ngakho-ke umsindo ovela ekusebenzeni kwemishini yasekhishini uzosabalala emakamelweni aseduze;
• njengomsindo, iphunga elibi lingasakazeka kulo lonke ifulethi;
• lapho udala indawo evulekile, udinga ukunaka kakhulu inhlanzeko, ngoba ukungcola okuncane kuzoba sezibukweni ezigcwele zezivakashi.

Izinhlobo namafomu

Abaqambi besimanje benza ubujamo obuhlukahlukene lapho behlobisa i-arched passage, futhi izinto zesimanje zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise cishe noma iyiphi iphrojekthi. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhothamo, kuya ngohlobo lokubulawa kwawo, zethulwe etafuleni elingezansi.

Isitayela Arches

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuvuleka kwe-arched kungaba yinto hhayi kuphela yangaphakathi ehlotshiswe ngesitayela se-classic, kodwa futhi nakulesi sesimanje. Uma usebenzisa ukuvulwa kwe-arched ngaphakathi kwekhishi, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakamelo aseduze enziwe ngesitayela esifanayo. Lapho indawo evula inkulu khona, lo mthetho ubaluleke kakhulu. Isitayela se-arch singagcizelelwa ngokuma kwaso, kanye nokusebenzisa izinto ezithile zokuqeda nokuhlobisa.

Isibonelo, lapho kuhlobiswa ikhishi ngesitayela sakudala, sothando noma seProvencal, kusetshenziswa imengamo eyindilinga eyindilinga noma ye-ellipsoidal, ingahlotshiswa ngama-cornices noma ngokubumba. Imibala ye-pastel yezindonga ikhethwa kokubili ekhishini nakwigumbi eliseduze. Lapho uhlobisa ikhishi lesitayela seloft, ungahlobisa i-arch ngezitini noma amathayela alingisayo. Isitayela se-eclectic sivumela inhlanganisela yezitayela ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukwakheka kungasetshenziswa. Umbala wezindonga ungahluka kakhulu: kusuka kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kobomvu obujulile.

Usayizi

Usayizi wokuvulwa kwe-arched kunqunywa yizici zokuhlelwa kwekhishi negumbi eliseduze. Ngakho-ke, uma ikhishi linqamula ephaseji, khona-ke ukuvulwa kuzoba mncane futhi kuphakame. Izinketho eziningi zingaba esimweni sokushintshwa kwekhishi liye egumbini lokudlela noma ephaseji. Uma la makamelo womabili ehlukaniswa ngodonga olungathwali, i-arch ingenziwa cishe ngosayizi wodonga. Ukuphakama kuhlala kunqunyelwe ukuphakama kophahla lwendlu. Ngokuphakama okujwayelekile kuka-2500 mm, kunconywa ukwakha i-arch engekho ngaphezu kuka-2200 mm.

Lapho uthuthukisa iphrojekthi yokwakha, kuhlale kudingekile ukukhombisa ubukhulu obulandelayo besakhiwo se-arched: ukuphakama, ububanzi nokujula ngamamilimitha. Uma ukujula kwekhothamo kungaphansi kobukhulu bezindonga, khona-ke kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-hardboard elaminishwe ngombala wezindonga noma ama-cornices wokuhlobisa.

Izinto zokwakha imengamo

Izinto ezivame kakhulu i-drywall. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo, kungenzeka ukwenza ukwakheka kwanoma yikuphi ukwakheka, kanti intengo yento leyo ingabizi kumakhasimende amaningi. Lapho usebenzisa i-drywall, kungenzeka ukukhweza amalambu futhi uhlele ama-niches namashalofu. Inzuzo eyengeziwe kungenzeka ukuqeda nganoma iyiphi into.
Izindawo zemvelo zemithi zithandwa kakhulu. Izakhi zezinkuni ziqinile, zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zingagcwalisa izitayela ezahlukahlukene. Isakhiwo sokhuni esinokuqoshwa okwenziwe ngezandla singaba "okugqamile" kokuphakathi, kepha intengo nayo izolunga.

Isitini sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni imengamo. Njengoba kunikezwe ubunzima bomsebenzi kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo, kunzima ukuthola isimo esingajwayelekile ngosizo lwayo. Isitini singahlotshiswa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene zokuqedela, noma singashiywa ngaphandle kokuqeda, inqobo nje uma kusetshenziswa isitayela seloft.

Okungajwayelekile kakhulu, kodwa okwamukelekayo ekwenzeni imengamo kukhona ipulasitiki, igwebu, ukwakhiwa nezinye izinto.

I-Arch njengengxenye yokuklanywa kwesikhala

Ngosizo lwe-arch, ungafinyelela ukwahlukaniswa okubonakalayo kwekhishi kube yizindawo. Okokuqala, ungahlukanisa indawo yekhishi nendawo yokudlela. Lo mphumela ungatholakala ngokunwebisa isixhumi somnyango bese usifaka esikhundleni se-arched structure. Ngokuhlukanisa indawo yekhishi, abaklami basebenzisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo ekhishini, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokuqedela phansi nezindonga ekhishini nasendlini yokuhlala. Kungenzeka ubeke ikhishi "epulatifomu" ngokukhulisa phansi isinyathelo esisodwa. Kepha lesi akusona ukuphela kwesixazululo esingaba khona.

Ngosizo lwe-arch, kulula ukuhlukanisa indawo yokusebenza. Uma le ndawo itholakala ngasodongeni, khona-ke i-arch izonamathiselwa odongeni nasophahleni. Uma indawo yokusebenza itholakala esiqhingini sasekhishini, khona-ke isakhiwo sibekwe ophahleni futhi siqukethe ukukhanya kwamabala. Imiklamo enjalo iyasetshenziswa uma indawo yasekhishini ivumela.

I-Arch ekhishini laseKhrushchev

Abanikazi bezindlu okuthiwa iKhrushchev bavame ukubhekana nenkinga yekhishi elincane impela, indawo yalo engamamitha-skwele angu-5-6. Uphahla lwala mafulethi luphansi futhi amawindi amancane. Lapho incane indawo yekhishi, kudingeka kwenziwe imizamo eminingi ukuyenza isebenze futhi ikhulise indawo yayo ngokubukeka. Kulokhu, ukumiselela isango eliphakathi kwekhishi nebhalkoni ngesakhiwo se-arched kungasiza. Ekhishini elinjalo, ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi kuzovela ngokushesha, okuzobe sekuvele kukhulisa ubukhulu bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo kuvulandi ingasetshenziselwa ukufaka izinto zasendlini ezinkulu njengesiqandisi, umshini wokuwasha izitsha noma isitofu. Ngokufaka amafasitela kuvulandi nge-panoramic windows bese ubeka itafula lokudlela eduze kwabo, ungakha indawo yokudlela ekhanyayo nebanzi ebheke emgwaqweni. Lesi sixazululo sizoguqula igumbi elimnyama nelincane lekhishi laseKhrushchev libe isitudiyo sesimanje.

I-Arch efulethini le-studio

Njengomthetho, amakhishi ezakhiweni ezintsha zesimanje ahlanganiswe nehholo. Amafulethi analesi sakhiwo ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi amafulethi ase-studio. Izitudiyo zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kabanzi zonke izinzuzo zezakhiwo ze-arched. Egumbini elibanzi, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa imengamo cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo nosayizi. Njengomthetho, ukuklanywa kwekhishi nge-arch kwenziwa ngesitayela sesimanje. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa imengamo engenajingayo, ehlukanisa indawo yokusebenza ekhishini ngosizo lwabo. Kuvunyelwe futhi ukuhlela amashalofu ezindaweni ezivulekile zokugcina izinto zasekhishini, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa isikhala segumbi.

Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi emakhishini e-studio kumele kukhokhwe kwi-hood yekhwalithi ephezulu. Iphunga lokupheka lisakazeka ngokushesha liye egumbini lokuphumula eliseduze, elingaphazamisa izivakashi noma amalungu omndeni. Ngenhlanhla, ama-hoods anamuhla anamandla axazulula ngokuphelele le nkinga.

Umklamo wamakhothamo ekhishini elikhulu

Amakhishi amakhulu ezindlini ezizimele amele insimu enkulu yezixazululo ezingavamile zokuklama. Cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi anjalo, imengamo isetshenziswa njengendlela yokwaba igumbi. Ikhishi elikhulu likuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise ukuvulwa kwe-arched ne-bar counter. Lesi sixazululo sivele maduzane, kepha sathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha. Ukuhlomisa i-bar counter, i-arch ejulile isetshenziswa, imvamisa ayilingani. Engxenyeni engenhla yalo, kufakwa abaphathi bezingilazi nemishini yebha. Kulokhu, ukukhanya kwamaphoyinti kufakwe ku-arch. Amashalofu kanye nama-niches wokugcina amabhodlela nawo angafakwa. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhetheni izinto zokuqedela, ngoba ibha yokubala ayikuvumeli kuphela ukwandisa ukusebenza kwegumbi, kepha imvamisa iyinto yokuhlobisa ephumelelayo.

Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwemengamo kungenzeka emakhishini amancane nasemakamelweni avulekile. Le nto iyakwazi ukuguqula ingaphakathi lekhishi futhi igcizelele isitayela esenziwe ngaso. Lesi yisixazululo sokuklama esingabizi, okulula ukusisebenzisa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi siyasebenza.

Bukela ividiyo: Know Before You Go To Tulum Mexico. One Day in TULUM. MEXICO Travel Show (May 2024).