Isitayela sesiNgisi sokwakheka kwezwe ezweni laso sangena esikhundleni sesiFulentshi. Kubandakanya iqembu lonke lezikhombisi-ndlela lapho isigodlo, i-landscape, i-eclectic, amapaki enqaba, izingadi zama-Victorian zihlotshisiwe. Ngokwehlukana, igatsha lesimanje lesitayela - i-cottage engadini iyaziwa. Ubuciko bokwakheka kwezwe eNgilandi buthuthuke ngezindlela ezimbili: amapaki aphakeme kanye nengadi yasemakhaya. Uma esimweni sokuqala kwakudingeka isikhalazo sobuhle kuphela, bese kuthi kwesesibili kube nohlangothi olusebenzayo. Isibonelo, idamu elisepaki yenqaba lenzelwe ukuthokozela iso kuphela, kanti nasemaphandleni, amanzi athathwa kulo ukuze aniselwe. Izingadi zasemakhaya zazigcwele izihlahla zezithelo nezinongo. Emapaki esigodlo, kwakugcizelelwa izitshalo ezingajwayelekile kanye nezihlahla zezimbali. Eminyakeni edlule, abaseBrithani baqala ukukhetha izindawo ezihlanganisiwe ezinezindlu ezincane, ezithokomele. Isitayela se-rustic sesiNgisi ekwakhiweni kwezwe, ngemuva kokufaka izici ezikhanyayo, saguqulwa saba yindlu yasendlini yesimanje (ehunyushwa ngokoqobo ngokuthi "ingadi ekhaya"). Ake sijwayelane nencazelo eningiliziwe yesiqondiso nezici zayo.
Umlando: amasiko wesitayela sesiNgisi ekwakhiweni kwezwe
Umlando wesitayela sesiNgisi ekwakhiweni kwezwe waqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba amakotishi asehlobo abe ukwengezela okunethezeka ezindlini zokuhlala zedolobha. Insimu ekuqaleni yayibonwa njengesengezo esisebenza ngokweqile. Yakhula izithelo ezazingadliwa. Abokuqala abaqala ukwaba izindawo ezihlukene zezihlahla nezihlahlana babengamakholi. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, abantu abacebile kuphela ababekwazi ukuthenga ingadi ephelele. Baqashe abasebenzi abazinikele ukuba babhekele ukutshalwa, amachibi nokuhlobisa, babanikeze ukubukeka okuhle. Imvamisa, insimu yayiyingxenye nje yenqaba noma isigodlo. Khona-ke amaHuguenot amaProthestani abalekela eNgilandi esuka eHolland, oweza nama-lyriodendrons exotic (izihlahla ze-tulip), ama-nasturtiums, izitshalo zobhontshisi ("imvula yegolide").
Amapaki endawo aqala ukuhlotshiswa ngezitshalo ezingavamile. I-symmetry yaqala ukuthandwa. Ngekhulu le-17th, izingadi zokuqala zezitshalo zavela e-Oxford, zabe se-Edinburgh. Isibonelo sesitayela esiyiNgisi ngokwangempela ekwakhiweni kwezwe kwakuyipaki elisendaweni yaseChiswick, elenziwe nguWilliam Kent. Umsebenzi wasengadini nongumakhi wezakhiwo wasungula imigomo eyisisekelo yenkambiso yobuhlanga. Umphumela uba indawo yemvelo (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-landscape), evame ukuhlanjululwa ngezinto ezenziwe ngabantu. Ingadi yesiNgisi ayibukeki isendle, yinhle ngobuhle, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ihloniphekile futhi inobuhlonishwa. Izwe ligcwele izihlahla ezikhula iminyaka eminingi, izinongo, izihlahla "zakudala" kanye nezihlahla eziklelana emigqeni eminyene yezikelemu. Kulokhu, ukuhlwanyela kushintshana ne- "voids" ngendlela yamachibi noma utshani obubanzi. Isayithi elingaphandle lihlanjululwe ngokulinganisela.
Isitayela sifake izici zesizwe ezisidalile. AbaseBrithani bavinjelwe, bazikhukhumeza kancane, ubunzima abuhlukile kubo, futhi ukubonakaliswa kwemizwelo enobudlova, ngokuvamile, kubhekwa njengokuziphatha okubi. Zonke izinto zensimu yesiNgisi zihlanganiswe kahle nokwakhiwa kwamatshe okwakhiwa kwezindlu zezwe kanye nezingadi zamatshe ezingavamile. Izwe laseBritish Isles ligcwele amagquma nezibaya zomhlaba, ezihlanjululwa ngemifula eminingi, amachibi, izigodi. Bonke lobu bukhazikhazi bemvelo buhlala bunjalo, ukuhlobisa kwemvelo kuthuthukiswa kuphela ngezinto ezenziwe ngesandla. Ingadi yamaNgisi ngokushelela iphenduka izihlahlana zehlathi. Utshani oluzilungise kahle luxhunywe nezitshalo zemvelo ngezindlela ezincane. Ngenxa yale nhlanganisela, kutholakala izindawo ezinhle ezihehayo lapho ezenziwe ngobuntu zihlala khona nemvelo kubo bonke ubuhle bayo bemvelo.
Izici zesitayela
Abaklami bendawo baqaphela izici eziningi, inhlanganisela yazo isici sesitayela sesiNgisi kuphela:
- Ingaphandle lendlu lifakiwe ekubunjweni konke futhi liyingxenye yalo. I-facade kufanele ihlelwe kahle ngezitshalo ezikhuphukayo (ivy, clematis, amagilebhisi). Ezifundeni zakudala zamaNgisi, izindonga zendlu ngokuvamile azibonakali ngemuva kwekhethini eliluhlaza.
- Imigwaqo yensimu evunguza ngamandla. Lapho kuklanywa, izinto zokwakheka komhlaba zibekwa kuqala kuhlelo futhi ngemuva kwalokho kuphela lapho zicabanga ngendawo yolayini bezokuxhumana. Izindlela zihamba zizungeze izithiyo futhi "wag" ezungeze imizimba yamanzi, ama-gazebos noma izindawo eziluhlaza. Zenziwe ngamatshe noma ngezinto eziningi: isihlabathi, amatshe, itshe elichotshoziwe, amatshe amancane, amagxolo.
- Ukuba khona kotshani beparterre obuzilungise kahle. Uhlobo lwasendle lwamaMoor lwesitayela sesiNgisi sokuqala nesimnandi asilingani nhlobo.
- Izitshani eziningana ezinkulu, ezixhunywe ngezindlela zensimu.
- Amachibi okubukwa komhlaba. Kuyathandeka-ke ukuthi kube khona ichibi lemvelo noma isiziba esizeni. Uma lingekho ichibi, kuzodingeka ukuthi lenziwe ngokwenziwe, kepha ngendlela yokuthi lifane ngangokunokwenzeka nelangempela.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlahla ezikhula iminyaka eminingi nezihlahla "ezikhalayo" ekwakheni ingadi.
- Ukuba khona kwezingadi zamadwala nama-rockeries.
- Indlwana yasengadini inezimpawu zokuphila kwezwe okunganaki.
- I-geometry eqinile.
Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwendalo, indawo yento ngayinye iqinisekiswa ngokusobala. Ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi yokwakha, ukulungiswa kwamachibi, utshani, ama-gazebi kulungiswa ngokucophelela. Isakhiwo esikhulu empeleni sitholakala ekujuleni kwesiza, i-facade ifihliwe emehlweni abadlula emgwaqweni nemiqhele yezihlahla. AmaGazebos abekwa ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo yensimu. Imibhede yezimbali egqamile, ehlukahlukene ihlobisa kuphela igceke langaphambili. Ukuqanjwa kwesithombe kuveziwe, kungakuhle ukuthi uzibeke eduze kocingo. Izikhala eziluhlaza zitholakala emaphethelweni esiza.
Izingadi zakudala zesiNgisi azibukeki zintsha, okungukuthi, zonke izakhi kufanele zikhule ngokucophelela ukuze `` umoya wenkathi '' ongafinyeleleki ubekhona emdwebeni wezwe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zombala
Ingadi yamaNgisi icishe ifane nephalethi lemibala yomculi we-avant-garde. Kubonakala ngokuchichima kohlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa iziqu zayo eziningi: isiliva, isaladi, i-mint, i-malachite, intwasahlobo, lwesinaphi, ihlathi, umnqumo, i-viridian, i-chartreuse, i-classic. Ungakwazi ukufeza ukuhlukahluka okunjalo ngokuhlanganisa izihlahla ezahlukahlukene nezihlahla. Sizokhuluma ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshalwe ezingadini zesiNgisi ngezansi. Vele, ukhaphethi oluhlaza uhlanjululwe ngezindawo ezikhanyayo, kepha ikakhulu ukhanyisa ingaphandle lesakhiwo esikhulu. Kulapha lapho kukhona khona ngisho, imibhede yezimbali elungile. Ngenkathi imibhede yezimbali kuyo yonke indawo yesayithi yenzelwa kakhulu ngemibala ezolile, ye-pastel: i-pink ethambile, ipentshisi elithambile, i-maroon, i-lilac ecocekile, ophuzi ophaphathekile, omhlophe.
Ukuhlobisa nokuhlobisa
Amapaki nezingadi zesiNgisi zisebenzisa imihlobiso emincane eyenziwe ngabantu. Kodwa-ke, leyo mihlobiso esekhona ekubukekeni kwezwe ngokuzenzekelayo iba yizindawo zokugqamisa, ngokunembile ngoba zimbalwa futhi zisemuva kakhulu ngenani lezikhala eziluhlaza. Indawo yemininingwane ebalulekile yokuhlobisa kufanele icatshangwe kusengaphambili. Umklami uzibambela ishidi lephepha lomdwebo nepensela, udweba uhlelo lwesiza, bese ebeka izakhiwo ezikhona kumdwebo. Manje njengoba sekulula ukuzulazula kule ndawo, ungadweba ukwakheka kokucaba. Izicucu ezijwayelekile zesiNgisi noma zasendulo okufanele zikhethwe ku-assortment ecebile yemihlobiso ye-landscape. Lezi zokugcina zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingxenyana ezifihliwe zomuntu ngamunye.
Izakhiwo zokuhlobisa
Ekuklanyeni kwamasayithi esiNgisi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinto ezibonakalayo: ukhuni netshe. Owokuqala usetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamabhentshi, uthango, amasango. Ingxenye engezansi yezigcawu zokwakha igundwe ngamatshe, kwakhiwa uthango olukhulu kakhulu kuyo, kwavulwa izindlela. Ucingo lubuye lwakhiwe ngezitini ezinsundu, kepha kufanele longezwe ngezinto ezi-foliwe ukuze isakhiwo singabukeki singeyena umuntu. Izakhiwo zokuhlobisa zifaka ama-pergolas, ama-gazebos, amabhentshi, izingoma ezibunjiweyo, amapulatifomu afinyelela kwengxenye yemitha ukuphakama. Ukukhululeka kwesiza kugcizelelwa ngezitebhisi zamatshe. Izinyathelo zabo zihlotshiswe nge-moss, futhi kutshalwa i-mixborder ekhula kakhulu ezinhlangothini. Njengomthetho, ingadi ngayinye inokuhlukaniswa kwayo. Ibekwe eduze kwechibi noma emngceleni wesiza kude negceke elinomsindo.
Maphakathi nesiza esinjalo, sizungezwe ngamabhentshi, babeka i-gazebo noma isithombe esibonisa umuntu noma isilwane. Indawo ihlotshiswe ngezikhala eziluhlaza noma uthango oluphansi. Ngendlela, amabhentshi atholakala ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ezindleleni zensimu noma eduze nemizimba yamanzi. Ama-Pergolas ngokuvamile abekwa ngqo emgwaqeni, okungukuthi, izinsika zokusekela zimbiwe ezinhlangothini zawo. Ekushiseni kwehlobo, le ndawo izonikeza labo abahamba bezungeza isiza umthunzi ofiseleka kakhulu. Ifenisha yengadi yenziwe ngokhuni ngezinto zokwakha. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinto zingaphansi kwesitayela seBaroque, Art Nouveau noma i-Empire. Izici ezihlukile zezwe lamaNgisi zifaka umhlobiso ongajwayelekile njengokuthi "itiyetha elinokhuni". Idwetshwe engxenyeni ekude kakhulu yesiza. Maphakathi nezihlahla zasendle, kuhlelwa indawo encane. Ihlotshiswe ngezithombe, amakholomu, umthombo, izihlahla ezisikiwe, amabhentshi. Ngenxa yalezi zinto zesitayela sasendulo, kubonakala sengathi kwakumi lapha isakhiwo esigcwele, lapho kuhlala khona amanxiwa amahle kuphela. Imishini yokukhanyisa ikhethwa njenge-classic: amalambu amnyama emilenzeni ephakeme emincane, ehlotshiswe ngemibala evulekile ekhipha ukukhanya okuthambile, okungafani.
Engadini yekotishi, iziza zivame ukuhlotshiswa ngamaphaneli noma izindlu zokugcina izithombo. Lezi yizakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe, iningi lazo elihlala ngamawindi. Ngaphakathi, kutshalwa izitshalo ezibucayi ezingaphandle, kubekwa ifenisha (izihlalo, usofa, itafula). Baziphumulela emathendeni, babambe imicimbi yetiye, bahlangane nezivakashi, bafunde izincwadi futhi benze nemisebenzi yezandla.
Amathrekhi
Amathrekhi ngokuvamile aklanywa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zezinto zokwakha. Lezo eziseduze kwendlu zigandaywe ngamatshe, kwazise abantu bahamba kaningi egcekeni, okusho ukuthi umthwalo wokumboza uyanda. Ama-moss "streaks" agcwalisa i-voids phakathi kwezingcezu zomhlaba ogandayiwe azobukeka emuhle. Ngemuva kwalokho indlela izothatha ukubukeka ngokunganaki futhi okuncane "okushiyiwe". Itshe lihamba kahle ngezindonga ezinhle, eziwohlokile zezitini, izimbobo zazo zifakwe amahops noma i-ivy. Izindlela ezifihlwe ekujuleni kwesiza zifafazwa ngohlalu, imfucumfucu, isihlabathi noma amagxolo agayiwe. Uma ama-conifers ekhula engadini, khona-ke ukudlula ngaphansi kwawo kungagcwaliswa ngamakhoni. Le nketho ibukeka ingeyangempela.
Imizimba yamanzi
Amachibi ngesitayela sesiNgisi anokuma okungajwayelekile okulingisa ukwakheka kwemvelo. Ibhange elincane lihlotshiswe ngezitshalo. Umthombo omncane noma ukubaza kubekwa maphakathi nedamu. Ubuso bamanzi buhlotshiswe ngeminduze yamanzi, iminduze, ama-duckweed. Uma ubukhulu besiziba buvumela, khona-ke ibhuloho elinezinsimbi zomgunyathi liphonswa phakathi nendawo. Kufanele kubekwe ibhentshi elilodwa noma amabili eduze kwamanzi. Ngokwengxenye ngihlobisa ugu ngezitebhisi zamatshe, ezijika zibe yinsimu yedwala, ngamatshe amakhulu amakhulu.
Ukukhethwa kwezitshalo: izimbali, izihlahla nezihlahla
AmaHops, i-clematis, ivy kanye namagilebhisi amantombazane azoba isizinda esiluhlaza lapho kutholakala khona imibhede yezimbali nezingadi zamadwala. Ukutshekela izitshalo ngokwezwi nezwi kugoqe izindonga hhayi kuphela kwesakhiwo esikhulu, kodwa nezakhiwo eziseduze. Izinongo ziyachuma ezingadini zaseNgilandi. I-Tarragon, i-laurel, i-turmeric, i-safari, i-basil, i-rosemary, i-garlic yasendle, ama-clove, i-coriander kanye ne-parsnips zikhethwa ezinhlobonhlobo. Umphetho wamachibi ahlotshiswe nge-swimsuit, cattail, marigold, forget-me-nots, irises kanye sedges. Phakathi kwezihlahla, kuncanyelwa i-chestnut, i-mountain ash, i-larch, i-birch, i-oki, i-thuja ne-hazel (hazel).
Izihlahla ze-euonymus, i-turf, i-orange orange, i-lilac, i-elderberry ne-jasmine zitshalwa eceleni kwesiza. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zeminyaka engapheli, kukhethwa ama-roses, ama-phlox, umhlonyane, u-anyanisi omkhulu, ama-fern, i-badan, i-rhubarb, indawo yokubamba, amabutho, ama-rogers. Ama-Spireas, ama-daisy, ama-crocuses, ama-galanthuses, iminduze yesigodi, i-elecampane, i-delphiniums, i-peony, i-primrose, i-asters isetshenziswa ekotishi lasensimini. Kusuka emibhedeni yezimbali, kukhethwa kuqala kumxube wokuxakaniseka. Imibhede yezimbali eyodwa ehlanzekile eduze kwendlu uqobo ibekwa ezitsheni zamabhodlela zamatshe emilenzeni ephakeme, emincane.
Ungakhohlwa ngama-rockeries nezingadi zamadwala. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yensimu yamaNgisi njengoba ziqhakambisa ubuhle bayo bemvelo.
Isiphetho
Ingadi yesiNgisi ilungele ukuhlobisa izindlu zombili zikanokusho kanye nezindlu ezisemaphandleni ezilula. Into esemqoka ukugcina imithetho ejwayelekile futhi ukugcwala "umoya waseBrithani". Insimu yesiNgisi izoba inketho enhle kubanikazi abangamavila, njengoba ifilosofi yesiqondiso isho: ubuhle obuzungezile benzelwe ukucabanga, hhayi umsebenzi wezigqila. Vele, kusamele unakekele impahla, kepha ngokuhlelekile nangoku "unobtrusively". Kwesinye isikhathi udinga ukusika izihlahla, izihlahla zamanzi nezitshalo ngezikhathi ezomile, futhi usule ukhula emibhedeni. By the way, abaseBrithani banemizwa ethuthumelayo nge-topiary. Izihlahla ezisikiwe ziyadingeka kuwo wonke amasayithi. Ngokwesitayela esijwayelekile saseNgilandi, kudingeka ububanzi, ngoba izigodlo nezigodlo zazizungezwe izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ekotishi, kunezingadi ezanele namahektha ambalwa esakhiweni sokubanika ubuhle bemvelo obujwayelekile.
